AFO Mass Spectrometry Domain Ontology (WD/2025/12)
type: Ontology
imports: afo
imports: mass-spectrometry
imports: chemical-element
imports: chemical-reaction
issued: 2025-12-16T12:00:00Z
license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License
modified: 2025-06-25T12:00:00Z
rights: Derivative works attribution
rights: (c) 2019 Allotrope Foundation
prior version: mass-spectrometry
version info: WD/2025/12

ionization method
type: ObjectProperty
range: AFP_0001993
alternative label: used ionization
definition: Ionization method used in precursor activation. [Allotrope]

dissocation method
type: ObjectProperty
range: AFP_0001769
alternative label: fragmentation method
alternative label: used dissociation
definition: Fragmentation method used for dissociation or fragmentation. [PSI-MS]

scan direction
type: ObjectProperty
domain: AFP_0002515
definition: The direction of the scan for scanning analyzers (low to high, or high to low). [PSI-MS]
example: direction in terms of m/z

parent scan
type: ObjectProperty
range: AFP_0002515
definition: The scan of the parent mass spectrum generating this MSn spectrum. [Allotrope]

sheath gas temperature
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: AFX_0000060
range: sheath gas
definition: The temperature of the sheath gas. [Allotrope]

sheath liquid
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: AFX_0000334
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Make-up liquid in a sheath flow interface. [IUPAC]

sheath gas
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: AFX_0001152
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Gas introduced through a tube that is coaxial with the electrospray emitter to pneumatically assist the formation of the sprayed droplets. [IUPAC]

has ion detector
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: AFX_0000966
range: AFE_0000642
definition: Functional part of a mass spectrometer that detects the ions. [Allotrope]

has ion source
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: AFX_0000964
range: AFE_0000004
definition: Functional part of a mass spectrometer that generates the ions. [Allotrope]

has mass analyzer
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: AFX_0000964
range: AFE_0000038
alternative label: has analyser
alternative label: has analyzer
alternative label: has mass analyser
definition: The function of a mass spectrometer that separates ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio. [Allotrope]

electrospray supply
type: ObjectProperty
range: electrospray supply type code
definition: Whether the sprayer is fed or is loaded with sample once. [PSI-MS]

auxiliary gas
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: AFX_0001152
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
change note: 2024-09-12 Added [IUPAC] attribution, license and rights fields.
definition: Gas used in a spray ion source in addition to the nebulizing gas to aid in solvent removal. [IUPAC]

point detector
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000642
AFX_0002798: true
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: A. M. Falick, K. F. Medzihradszky, F. C. Walls. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 4, 318 (1990).
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: point collector
definition: Detector in which the ion beam is focused onto a small area, for example, defined by a collector slit, rather than dispersed by m/z spatially across a focal plane. [IUPAC]

time-of-flight mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000394
  some values from: time-of-flight mass-to-charge analyzer
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: TOF MS
alternative label: TOF-MS
definition: Mass spectrometer that separates ions by m/z in a field-free region after acceleration through a fixed accelerating potential. Ions of the same initial translational energy and different m/z require different times to traverse a given distance in the field-free region. [IUPAC]

laser mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
definition: A mass spectrometer that uses a laser to illuminate the sample. [Allotrope]

electron ionization mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000394
  some values from: AFE_0000223
alternative label: EI MS
definition: A mass spectrometer that uses an electron ionization source, which consists of a thin strip of metal that is heated electrically to incandescence or a temperature at which it emits free electrons that are accelerated through a potential to an energy where they ionize the sample. [CHMO]

multi-stage mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
alternative label: MSn
definition: A mass spectrometer that uses multiple stages. [Allotrope]

selected ion flow tube
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000753
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: SIFT
definition: Device in which m/z selected ions are entrained in an inert carrier gas and subsequently undergo ion/molecule reactions with molecules introduced into the gas flow. [IUPAC]

collision cell
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000322
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: collision chamber
definition: A collision cell is a chamber in the ion path between m/z separation elements, or between ion source acceleration region and the first analyzer, in tandem mass spectrometry in space configurations. [IUPAC]

quadrupole trap mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000527
definition: A mass spectrometer that has a quadrupole ion trap. [Allotrope]

static field
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000753
definition: A device that creates an electric or magnetic field that does not change in time. [PSI-MS]

post-acceleration detector
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000642
AFX_0002798: true
AFX_0002809: MS_1000351
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: G. H. Wang, W. Aberth, A. M. Falick. Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. Ion Processes 69, 233 (1986).
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609.
alternative label: PAD
alternative label: postacceleration detector
definition: Detector in which a high potential is applied after m/z separation to accelerate the ions and produce an improved signal. [IUPAC]

ion kinetic energy spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
alternative label: IKES
definition: A mass spectrometer that uses ion kinetic energy spectrometry. [Allotrope]

field ionization mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
alternative label: FI mass spectrometer
alternative label: field ionisation mass spectrometer
definition: A mass spectrometer that uses field ionization. [Allotrope]

electrospray ionization mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
alternative label: ESI MS
alternative label: ESI mass spectrometer
definition: A mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization. [Allotrope]

transmission quadrupole mass-to-charge analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000541
alternative label: QMF
alternative label: quadrupole mass analyzer
alternative label: quadrupole mass filter
alternative label: transmission quadrupole
alternative label: transmission quadrupole mass-to-charge analyser
definition: A mass-to-charge analyser that consists of a set of four linear electrodes and allows only ions of a given mass-to-charge ratio, set according to the direct current and radio frequency potentials, to reach a detector. [CHMO]

collision reaction cell
type: Class
subclass of: collision cell
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
source: S. D. Tanner, V. I. Baranov, D. R. Bandura. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 57, 1361 (2002).
alternative label: CRC
definition: Collision cell for removal of interfering ions by ion/neutral reactions in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. [IUPAC]

conversion dynode
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000670
AFX_0002798: true
AFX_0002809: MS_1000346
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Surface that is held at high potential so that ions striking the surface produce secondary charged particles that are subsequently detected. [IUPAC]
note: For positive ions, the potential is negative and the secondary particles are electrons and negative ions. For nega tive ions, the potential is positive and the secondary particles are positive ions. [IUPAC]

glow discharge ion source
type: Class
subclass of: gas discharge ion source
alternative label: glow discharge source
definition: An ion source that produces ions by continuous sputtering of the sample by a glow discharge plasma, which is produced by passing a current of several hundred volts through a low pressiure gas, usually argon. [CHMO]

conversion dynode electron multiplier
type: Class
subclass of: conversion dynode
subclass of: AFE_0000670
AFX_0002798: true
AFX_0002809: MS_1000108
definition: A surface that is held at high potential so that ions striking the surface produce electrons that are subsequently detected. The high potential is opposite of that of the ion hitting it and that secondary ions formed are opposite as well – hence conversion. [PSI-MS]

beam mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Mass spectrometer in which an ion beam accelerated from the ion source is transmitted through a m/z analyzer, or analyzers, to the detector. [IUPAC]

direct insertion probe
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000771
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: DIP
definition: Device for introducing a single sample of a solid or liquid, usually contained in a quartz or other nonreactive sample holder, into a mass spectrometer ion source. [IUPAC]

moving wire
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000771
definition: Continuous moving surface in the form of a wire which passes through an ion source carrying analyte molecules. [PSI-MS]

orthogonal-acceleration ion source
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000004
definition: An ion source that works by sampling an ion beam travelling in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the flight path in the mass-to-charge analyser. [CHMO]

transmission quadrupole mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000527
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
source: R. M. Smith. Understanding Mass Spectra: A Basic Approach, John Wiley, New York (2004)
definition: Mass spectrometer that consists of an array of four parallel rod electrodes whose centers form the corners of a square and whose opposing electrode pairs are connected. The electric potential applied between the connected pairs of rods is a superposition of a static potential and a sinusoidal radio frequency potential. The motion of an ion in the x-y plane perpendicular to the length direction of the rod electrodes is described by the Mathieu equation whose solutions show that ions in a particular m/z range can be transmitted along the z-axis. [IUPAC]

sample plate
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000029
AFX_0002798: true
definition: Plate where the sample solution is spotted in a MALDI or similar instrument. [PSI-MS]

electrospray ionization source
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000004
alternative label: ESI source
definition: An electrospray ionization source is a type of ion source that uses an electrospray, an aerosol created by high voltage applied to a liquid solution. [Allotrope]

pyrolysis field ionization mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: field ionization mass spectrometer
alternative label: Py-FIMS
alternative label: PyFIMS
alternative label: py-FIMS
alternative label: pyFIMS
alternative label: pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometer
definition: A mass spectrometer that uses pyrolysis field ionization. [Allotrope]

double-focusing mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: sector mass spectrometer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mass analyzer
  some values from: electric sector
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mass analyzer
  some values from: magnetic sector
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: double-focusing magnetic sector mass spectrometer
alternative label: double-focussing magnetic sector mass spectrometer
alternative label: double-focussing mass spectrometer
definition: Mass spectrometer that incorporates a magnetic sector and an electric sector connected in series in such a way that ions with the same m/z but with distributions in both the direction and the translational energy of their motion are brought to a focus. [IUPAC]

capillary ion optics
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000753
source: adapted from Agilent 6200 series TOF manual.
alternative label: capillary
definition: A resistive narrow cylindrical conduit used to conduct gases and ions and is capable of almost instantanious polarity switching. [Allotrope]

kinetic energy analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000354
alternative label: kinetic energy analyser
definition: A device for measuring the kinetic energy of charged particles using a retarding field, time-of-flight, or the extent of deflection in an electric or magnetic field. [PSI-MS]

radial ejection linear ion trap
type: Class
subclass of: linear ion trap
definition: A linear ion trap mass spectrometer where ions are ejected along the radius of the analyzer. [PSI-MS]

traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: ion mobility spectrometer
alternative label: TWIMS
definition: An ion mobility mass spectrometry technique based on the superimposition of travelling voltage waves on a radially-confining RF voltage in a gas-filled, stacked-ring ion guide. [PSI-MS]

cyclotron
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000038
definition: A device that uses an oscillating electric field and magnetic field to accelerate charged particles. [PSI-MS]

electron multiplier tube
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000670
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: EMT
definition: An electron multiplier is a vacuum-tube structure that multiplies incident charges. [Wikipedia]

discrete dynode particle multiplier
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000670
AFX_0002798: true
AFX_0002809: CHMO_0001061
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: discrete dynode EM
alternative label: discrete-dynode EM
alternative label: discrete-dynode electron multiplier
definition: Ion-to-electron detector in which the ion strikes the surface of an electrode and induces the production of secondary electrons. In turn, these impinge in sequence on dynodes at a more positive electric potential to produce more secondary electrons. This avalanche effect produces an amplification of several orders of magnitude in the final measured current pulse. [IUPAC]

fringing field
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000753
definition: A sector, lens or other ion optics element that produces an electric or magnetic field that extends from its edge. [PSI-MS]

thermospray inlet
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000771
alternative label: TSP
definition: Inlet that uses thermospray ionization. [Allotrope]

electric sector
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000038
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: ESA
alternative label: electrostatic energy analyzer
definition: Device consisting of pairs of parallel conducting plates, concentric cylinders, or concentric spheres that separate charged particles according to their ratio of translational energy to charge by means of a potential difference applied between the pair. [IUPAC]

dynamic field mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: dynamic mass spectrometer
definition: Mass spectrometer in which m/z separation is achieved using one or more electric fields that vary with time. [IUPAC]

collision quadrupole
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000753
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Collision cell for removal of interfering ions by ion/neutral reactions in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. [IUPAC]
note: Higher-order multipoles can also be used in this manner. [IUPAC]

ion trap mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
definition: A piece of apparatus that consists of an ion source, a mass-to-charge analyser, a detector and a vacuum system and is used to measure mass spectra. The detector is an ion trap mass-to-charge analyser, which holds the ions in a stable orbit by an electric field. [CHMO]

magnetic sector
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000038
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: sector-field mass-to-charge analyzer
definition: Device that produces a magnetic field perpendicular to a charged particle beam that deflects the beam to an extent that is proportional to the ratio of particle momentum and charge. [IUPAC]
note: For a mono-energetic beam, the deflection is proportional to m/z. [IUPAC]

gas discharge ion source
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000004
definition: These ion sources use a plasma source or electric discharge to create ions. [Wikipedia]

ion gate
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000753
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: ion pulser
alternative label: ion pusher
definition: Set of plates or grid of wires in an ion mobility spectrometer, time-of-flight mass spectrometer, or other mass spectrometer that is used to apply a pulsed electric field with the purpose of selectively deflecting charged particles. [IUPAC]

Faraday cup
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000354
AFX_0002798: true
AFX_0002809: CHMO_0001058
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: Faraday cup detector
alternative label: Faraday cup ion detector
definition: Conducting cup or chamber that intercepts a charged particle beam and is electrically connected to a current measuring device. [IUPAC]

inductively coupled plasma torch
type: Class
subclass of: gas discharge ion source
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: ICP
alternative label: ICP torch
alternative label: inductively coupled plasma
definition: Gas discharge ion source in which the energy is supplied to the plasma by electromagnetic induction. [IUPAC]

ion mobility spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
alternative label: IMS
definition: A mass spectrometer that uses ion mobility spectrometry. [Allotrope]

direct liquid introducer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000771
alternative label: DLI
definition: The delivery of a liquid sample into a mass spectrometer for spray or desorption ionization. [PSI-MS]

ion funnel
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000753
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Series of stacked ring electrodes with progressively decreasing inner diameter to which a combined radio frequency and fixed potential is applied. The resulting field focuses ions travelling along the central axis. [IUPAC]

linear ion trap
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000625
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Two-dimensional Paul ion trap in which ions are confined in the axial dimension by means of a static electric potential. [IUPAC]

orbitrap mass-to-charge analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000625
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: A. Makarov. Anal. Chem. 72, 1156 (2000).
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609.
alternative label: Kingdon trap
alternative label: orbitrap
definition: Ion trapping device that consists of an outer barrel-like electrode and a coaxial inner spindle-like electrode that form an electrostatic field with a quadro-logarithmic potential distribution. [IUPAC]
note: The frequency of harmonic oscillations of the orbitally trapped ions along the axis of the electrostatic field is independent of the ion velocity and is inversely proportional to the square root of m/z so that the trap can be operated as a mass analyzer using image current detection and Fourier transformation of the time domain signal. [IUPAC]
note: The trademarked term Orbitrap has been used to describe a Kingdon trap used as a mass spectrometer. [IUPAC]

matrix assisted laser desorption-ionization plate
type: Class
subclass of: sample plate
AFX_0002798: true
AFX_0002808: MS_1000839
alternative label: MALDI plate
alternative label: precoated MALDI sample plate
definition: A extremely flat surface that holds the sample during a mass spectrometry experiment where the sample is vaporized and ionized using a high-energy pulsed laser whilst being held in a matrix to protect it from direct laser illumination and to separate the sample molecules. The surface of the plate may be chemically functionalised for a specific sample. [CHMO]

magnetic deflector
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000753
definition: The magnetic deflector is a device that deflects charged particles in a magnetic field due to a force equal to qv B where q is the particle charge, v its velocity and B the magnetic field. Magnetic deflection of an ion beam is used for m/z separation in a magnetic sector mass spectrometer. [PSI-MS]

direct inlet
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000771
alternative label: sample inlet
definition: The sample is directly inserted into the ion source, usually on the end of a heatable probe. [PSI-MS]

atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000370
alternative label: APCI source
definition: A ion source that implements tha atmospheric pressure chemical ionization method. [Allotrope]

flowing afterglow ion source
type: Class
subclass of: gas discharge ion source
source: Smith, David; Španěl, Patrik (2005). "Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) for on-line trace gas analysis". Mass Spectrometry Reviews 24 (5): 661–700.
definition: In a flowing afterglow, ions are formed in a flow of inert gas, typically helium or argon. Reagents are added downstream to create ion products and study reaction rates. Flowing-afterglow mass spectrometry is used for trace gas analysis. [Wikipedia]

reflectron
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000753
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: ion mirror
definition: Component of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer that uses a static electric field to reverse the direction of travel of the ions and improves mass resolution by assuring that ions of the same m/z but different translational energy arrive at the detector at the same time. [IUPAC]

linear quadrupole mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000527
alternative label: linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer
definition: A mass spectrometer that uses an orthogonal-acceleration ion source. The detector is a quadrupole mass-to-charge analyser, which holds the ions in a stable orbit using an electric field generated by four linear parallel electrodes. [CHMO]
note: related to LTQ-MS

three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap mass-to-charge analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000541
alternative label: 3D QIT
alternative label: three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap mass-to-charge analyser
definition: A mass-to-charge analyser that uses a three-dimensional quadrupole field (generated by four parallel electrodes) to trap ions in orbits that correspond to their mass-to-charge ratio. [CHMO]

electrospray supply type code
type: Class
subclass of: AFC_0000050
definition: Code for electrospray supply type. [Allotrope]

einzel lens
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000753
alternative label: focussing lens
definition: Three element charged particle lens in which the first and third elements are held at the same voltage. Such a lens produces focusing without changing the translational energy of the particle. [PSI-MS]

secondary ionization mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
alternative label: secondary ionisation mass spectrometer
definition: mass spectrometer that uses secondary ionization. [Allotrope]

moving belt interface
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000771
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: moving belt
definition: Liquid sample mass spectrometer interface that uses two or more pulleys and a continuous loop of material. Samples are sprayed or deposited from solution onto the belt where they are transported into the vacuum system for vaporization or desorption and ionization. [IUPAC]

matrix assisted laser desorption ionization source
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000004
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
source: M. Karas, D. Bachman, U. Bahr, F. Hillenkamp. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 78, 53 (1987).
alternative label: MALDI ionization source
definition: Ionization source for a the formation of gas-phase ions from molecules present in a solid or liquid matrix that is irradiated with a laser. The matrix is a material that absorbs the laser energy and promotes ionization. [IUPAC]

conversion dynode photomultiplier
type: Class
subclass of: conversion dynode
subclass of: AFE_0000159
AFX_0002798: true
AFX_0002808: MS_1000116
definition: A detector in which ions strike a conversion dynode to produce electrons that in turn generate photons through a phosphorescent screen that are detected by a photomultiplier. [PSI-MS]
note: related to ion-to-photon detector

accelerator mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
alternative label: AMS
definition: A mass spectrometer that uses the acceleration mass spectrometry technique. [Allotrope]

chemical ionization mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
definition: A mass spectrometer that uses the chemcial ionization. [Allotrope]

nanoelectrospray ionization source
type: Class
subclass of: electrospray ionization source
alternative label: nanoESI source
definition: An ion source that implements the nanoelectrospray ionization method. [Allotrope]

nanospray inlet
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000669
definition: Inlet for nanospray ionization. [Allotrope]

orthogonal-acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: time-of-flight mass spectrometer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000394
  some values from: orthogonal-acceleration ion source
alternative label: oa-TOF MS
alternative label: oa-TOF-MS
alternative label: oaTOF MS
alternative label: oaTOF mass spectrometer
alternative label: oaTOF-MS
definition: A mass spectrometer which uses a time-of-flight mass-to-charge analyser to separate ions. Ions introduced into the mass analyzer are accelerated along the axis perpendicular to their initial direction of motion. [CHMO]

continuous dynode particle multiplier
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000670
AFX_0002798: true
AFX_0002809: CHMO_0001062
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: CEM
alternative label: channel electron multiplier
alternative label: channeltron
alternative label: continuous dynode EM
alternative label: continuous-dynode EM
alternative label: continuous-dynode electron multiplier
alternative label: continuous-dynode particle multiplier
definition: Ion-to-electron detector in which the ion strikes the inner surface of a continuous tube device and induces the production of secondary electrons that, in turn, impinge on the inner surfaces of the device to produce more secondary electrons. This avalanche effect produces an increase in the final measured current pulse. [IUPAC]

magnetic sector mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: sector mass spectrometer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000394
  some values from: magnetic sector
definition: A mass spectrometer that uses a wedge-shaped magnetic field to separate the total ion beam into discrete ion beams according to the mass-to-charge ratio of the ions. [CHMO]

high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
alternative label: FAIMS
definition: A mass spectrometer that uses high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry. [Allotrope]

secondary ionization source
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000004
definition: The secondary ionization source is a source of ions for the secondary ion mass spectrometry. [Allotrope]

prolate trochoidal mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: A mass spectrometer in which the ions of different m/z are separated by means of crossed electric and magnetic fields in such a way that the selected ions follow a prolate trochoidal path. [IUPAC]

triple quadrupole mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000527
subclass of: tandem mass spectrometer
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: QQQ
alternative label: TQD
alternative label: triple quad
alternative label: triple quadrapole mass spectrometer
alternative label: triple-qudrupole mass spectrometer
definition: Tandem mass spectrometer comprising two transmission quadrupole mass spectrometers in series, with a (non-selecting) RF-only quadrupole (or other multipole) between them to act as a collision cell. [IUPAC]

laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: laser mass spectrometer
alternative label: laser desorption-ionisation mass spectrometer
definition: A mass spectrometer that uses laser desorption-ionization. [Allotrope]

matrix assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000394
  some values from: matrix assisted laser desorption-ionization plate
alternative label: MALDI mass spectrometer
definition: A mass spectrometer that uses a plate to hold the sample in a matrix (such as crystallised dihydrobenzoic acid) whilst it is vaporized and ionized using a high-energy pulsed laser. [CHMO]

time-of-flight mass-to-charge analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000038
alternative label: TOF
alternative label: time-of-flight
definition: A piece of apparatus which accelerates a sample of ions so that they all have the same kinetic energy across a field-free drift region of length 1-2 m to a detector, thus separating the ions by their velocity, which is proportional to their mass-to-charge ratio. [CHMO]

inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000394
  some values from: inductively coupled plasma torch
alternative label: ICP MS
alternative label: ICP-MS
alternative label: plasma emission spectrometer (ICP)
definition: A mass spectrometer that uses an inductively coupled plasma torch, an ion source that consists of a torch that is surrounded by a radio frequency generator that ionizes argon gas inside the torch to form a high-temperature (up to 10 000 K) plasma that can be used to ionize analytes. [CHMO]

linear quadrupole ion trap mass-to-charge analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000541
alternative label: 2D QIT
alternative label: QLT
alternative label: linear quadrapole ion trap mass-to-charge analyser
alternative label: linear quadrapole mass analyser
alternative label: linear quadrupole ion trap mass analyser
alternative label: linear quadrupole ion trap mass-to-charge analyser
alternative label: linear quadrupole mass analyser
alternative label: quadrupole linear ion trap
alternative label: quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer
definition: A mass-to-charge analyser that uses a two-dimensional quadrupole field (generated by four parallel electrodes) to constrain ions radially into trajectories that correspond to their mass-to-charge ratio. [CHMO]

field desorption mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: field ionization mass spectrometer
alternative label: FD mass spectrometer
alternative label: FDMS
definition: A mass spectrometer that uses field desorption. [Allotrope]

tandem mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: multi-stage mass spectrometer
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: MS/MS
alternative label: MS2
definition: Mass spectrometer designed for mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. [IUPAC]

sector mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mass analyzer
  some values from: magnetic sector
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: sector field mass spectrometer
definition: Mass spectrometer consisting of one or more magnetic sectors for recording a mass spectrum of a monoenergetic beam of ions. Such instruments may also have one or more electric sectors for energy dispersion that can be arranged for velocity-focusing by compensating for dispersion by the magnetic sector if the beam is not truly monoenergetic. Such a combination provides double focusing of ions of the same m/z, i.e., focusing with respect to both direction and speed. [IUPAC]

ion cyclotron resonance cell
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000354
definition: A piece of apparatus consisting of paired trapping plates, receiver plates and transmitter plates which provides a magnetic field that coherently excites ions according to their cyclotron frequencies which depend on their mass-to-charge ratio. [CHMO]

mass analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
alternative label: MIKES
definition: A mass spectrometer that uses mass analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry. [Allotrope]

axial ejection linear ion trap
type: Class
subclass of: linear ion trap
definition: A linear ion trap mass spectrometer where ions are ejected along the axis of the analyzer. [PSI-MS]

Brubaker lens
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000753
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: Brubaker pre-filter
definition: Additional set of four short, cylindrical electrodes, mounted co-linearly with a transmission quadrupole mass spectrometer that is excited with some fraction of the AC potential but not the DC potential applied to the main quadrupole. The Brubaker lens thus acts as a high-pass filter for ion m/z, but the resulting delay in application of the DC potential component also results in a reduction in defocusing by fringe fields and thus significantly improves overall ion transmission efficiency at a given mass resolution. [IUPAC]

all-glass heated inlet system
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000771
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: AGHIS
definition: All-glass inlet system for ion sources operating under vacuum that can be heated to about 500 °C and allows low vapor pressure materials to be introduced into the mass spectrometer without breaking vacuum. [IUPAC]

collector slit
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000986
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Slit installed in a magnetic sector mass spectrometer to allow only those m/z separated ions with a specific m/z into the detector system. [IUPAC]

gridless reflectron
type: Class
subclass of: reflectron
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Reflectron design in which the decelerating/accelerating field is produced without the use of wire-mesh grids. [IUPAC]
note: This design improves ion transmission but at the cost of a less homogeneous field and thus reduced resolution [IUPAC]

sector geometry code
type: Class
subclass of: AFC_0000050
definition: Code indicating the double-focusing mass spectrometer geometry configuration. [Allotrope]

coaxial reflectron
type: Class
subclass of: reflectron
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Reflectron that is arranged such that its main axis is coaxial with the ion source and first stage of the time-of-flight analyzer. [IUPAC]

Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: FT-ICR-MS
definition: Mass spectrometer based on the principle of ion cyclotron resonance in which an ion in a magnetic field moves in a circular orbit at the cyclotron frequency that is characteristic of its m/z value. Ions are coherently excited to a larger radius orbit using a pulse of radio frequency electric field, and their image charge is detected on receiver plates as a time domain signal. Fourier transformation of the time domain signal results in a frequency domain signal that is converted to a mass spectrum based on the inverse relationship between cyclotron frequency and m/z. [IUPAC]

curved field reflectron
type: Class
subclass of: reflectron
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Reflectron designed to provide a decelerating field strength that varies with depth of ion penetration and thus with ion translational energy, permitting energy focusing of ions with a range of translational energies such as those formed as product ions from post-source decay of metastable ions. [IUPAC]

ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: ICR-MS
definition: Mass spectrometer in which the ions to be detected, with a selected value of m/z, absorb energy through the effect of a high-frequency electric field and a constant magnetic field perpendicular to the electric field. Maximum energy is gained by the ions that satisfy the cyclotron resonance condition and as a result they are separated from ions of different m/z. [IUPAC]

drift tube
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000354
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Cylindrical chamber containing a buffer gas. Ions introduced at one end are caused to move to the otherend by either a flow of the buffer gas or by a uniform longitudinal electric field. [IUPAC]

direct exposure probe
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000771
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Device based on a modification of a direct insertion probe for exposing an involatile sample directly to the electron beam (in an electron ionization source) or to a chemical ionization plasma as in desorption chemical ionization. [IUPAC]

momentum separator
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000771
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Mass spectrometer interface to inlets including chromatography and spray-based ion sources that enriches the sample by selecting the central part of the effluent or spray using an orifice or skimmer. Particles with a higher forward momentum diverge less from the spray axis for a given radial momentum. [IUPAC]

mass gate
type: Class
subclass of: ion gate
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Ion gate used to transmit ions in a given m/z range. [IUPAC]

sampling cone
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000022
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Component of a spray ionization interface that consists of a cone with a small orifice through which the spray passes into a differentially pumped chamber. [IUPAC]
note: A capillary can also be used in place of a cone. [IUPAC]
note: In interfaces that have both a sampling cone and skimmer, the spray passes first through the sampling cone and then through the skimmer. [IUPAC]

mass spectrograph
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Mass spectrometer in which the ions are directed onto a focal plane detector such as a photographic plate. [IUPAC]

multicollector mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: double-focusing mass spectrometer
subclass of: mass spectrograph
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has ion detector
  some values from: Faraday cup
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Mass spectrograph based on a double-focusing magnetic analyzer that spatially disperses ions of different m/z values on to an array of Faraday cup detectors, generally used with inductively coupled plasma ion sources for isotopic composition measurements. [IUPAC]

Penning ion trap
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000625
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Ion trapping device using a static magnetic field and a static electric potential well. The magnetic field confines the ion motion to circular orbits around the magnetic force line direction, which aligns with the direction of the trap axis, whereas the electric potential well confines the ion motion axially. [IUPAC]

liquid ion evaporation source
type: Class
subclass of: electrospray ionization source
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Spray ionization interface in which droplets are dispersed from a pneumatic nebulizer toward a high potential electrode that produces a static charge on the droplets leading to ion formation after solvent evaporation. [IUPAC]

RF-only quadrupole
type: Class
subclass of: transmission quadrupole mass-to-charge analyzer
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Transmission quadrupole device in which a sinusoidal radio frequency (RF) potential is applied between the connected pairs of opposite rod electrodes in a linear quadrupole, providing a transmission device for all ions with m/z values above a cut-off value. [IUPAC]
note: Higher-order multipoles can also be used in this manner. [IUPAC]

Wien filter
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000038
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Mass analyzer in which m/z separation is achieved using crossed electric and magnetic fields. [IUPAC]

toroidal ion trap
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000625
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Ion trapping device based on the three-dimensional structure formed by rotating the cross-section of a quadrupole ion trap about the edge perpendicular to the plane of the ring electrode. The resulting trapping region is toroidal. [IUPAC]

radial electrostatic field analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000038
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Arrangement of two conducting sheets forming a capacitor and giving a radial electrostatic field which is used to deflect and focus ion beams. The degree of deflection varies with the ratio of translational energy to charge. The capacitor may be cylindrical, spherical, or toroidal. [IUPAC]

rectilinear ion trap
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000541
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Quadrupole ion trap whose electrodes form a rectilinear polygon, the simplest form of which consists of two pairs of rectangular electrodes suppli d with radio frequency (RF) potentials and a pair of electrodes to which a DC potential is applied. Slits or apertures in the electrodes allow injection and ejection of charged particles. [IUPAC]

quadrupole time-of-flight
type: Class
subclass of: hybrid mass spectrometer
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: QTOF
definition: Hybrid mass spectrometer consisting of a transmission quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled to an orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer. A collision quadrupole is typically inserted between the two mass spectrometers. [IUPAC]

saddle field gun
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000004
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Compact ion and fast atom sources for use when small size and high beam intensity are required, as in fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The discharge is produced by electrons oscillating between two cold cathodes in an electric field that possesses a single saddle point. To produce and intensify the plasma the electrons must have long path lengths, achieved by allowing the electrons to have an oscillatory motion in the saddle-shaped electric field between the cathodes separated by the anode. [IUPAC]

hybrid mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Mass spectrometer that combines m/z analyzers of different types to perform tandem mass spectrometry or higher-order MSn experiment. [IUPAC]

quadratic field reflectron
type: Class
subclass of: reflectron
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Reflectron in which the electric field varies with the square of the distance from the entrance and compensates for kinetic energy spread to all orders. [IUPAC]

transport region
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0001028
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Region in a mass spectrometer in which an ion beam is transported from the ion source to the ion optics or from one ion optical element to the next. [IUPAC]

residual gas analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000648
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Mass spectrometer used to measure the composition and pressure of gases in an evacuated chamber and to test for leaks in pressurized systems. [IUPAC]

electrospray 3d ion trap mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: ion trap mass spectrometer
alternative label: LCQ
definition: An electrospray 3d ion trap mass spectrometer separates the sample solution by liquid chromatography in combination with electrospray ionization quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometry. [Allotrope]

linear quadrupole trap
type: Class
subclass of: ion trap mass spectrometer
subclass of: hybrid mass spectrometer
alternative label: LTQ
alternative label: linear quadrupol trap
alternative label: quadrupol linear trap
alternative label: quadrupole linear ion trap
alternative label: quadrupole linear trap
definition: A linear quadrupole ion trap is similar to a quadrupole ion trap, but it traps ions in a two dimensional quadrupole field, instead of a three-dimensional quadrupole field as in a 3D quadrupole ion trap. [Wikipedia]

orbitrap
type: Class
subclass of: ion trap mass spectrometer
subclass of: hybrid mass spectrometer
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: The trademarked term Orbitrap is used to describe a Kingdon trap used as a mass spectrometer. A Kingdon trap is an ion trapping device that consists of an outer barrel-like electrode and a coaxial inner spindle-like electrode that form an electrostatic field with a quadro-logarithmic potential distribution. [IUPAC]

octupole
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000038
definition: A combination of two quadrupoles used for controlling beams of charged particles. [Wikipedia]

A. K. Shukla, J. H. Futrell. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 12, 211 (1993)
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000154
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: target gas
definition: nert gas used for collisional excitation or a reactive gas used for ion/molecule reactions. [IUPAC]
preferred label: collision gas

diagnostic ion
type: Class
subclass of: product ion
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
source: S. A. Carr, M. J. Huddleston, M. F. Bean. Protein Sci. 2, 183 (1993).
definition: Product ion whose formation reveals structural or compositional information about its precursor ion. [IUPAC]
example: For example, the phenyl cation in an electron ionization mass spectrum is a diagnostic ion for benzene and derivatives.

drying gas
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000052
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
source: S. F. Wong, C. K. Meng, J. B. Fenn. J. Phys. Chem. 92, 546 (1988).
definition: Inert gas that is used to promote the removal of solvent from aerosol particles in spray ionization. [IUPAC]

nth-generation product ion
type: Class
subclass of: product ion
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Serial product ions from dissociation or bimolecular reaction of selected precursor ions where n refers to the number of stages of dissociation or bimolecular reaction in a series of consecutive reactions that involve successive product ions. [IUPAC]
example: Given the sequential fragmentation scheme: M1+ → M2+ → M3+ → M4+ → M5+ M4+ is the precursor ion of M5+, a 1st-generation product ion of M3+, a 2nd-generation product ion of M2+, and a 3rd-generation product ion of M1+.

buffer gas
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000052
AFX_0002796: AFR_0001223
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: J. F. J. Todd. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 10, 3 (1991)
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: bath gas
definition: Inert gas used for collisional reduction of the internal or translational energy of ions, such as in ion traps. [IUPAC]

adduct ion
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000077
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: adduct
definition: Ion formed by the interaction of a precursor ion with one or more atoms or molecules to form an ion containing all the constituent atoms of the precursor ion as well as the additional atoms from the associated atoms or molecules. [IUPAC]
example: For example, a Na+ adduct of a molecule (M) that is represented as [M + Na]+.

counter-current gas
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000052
AFX_0002796: AFR_0001223
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: A. P. Bruins, T. R. Covey, J. D. Henion. Anal. Chem. 59, 2642 (1987)
source: B. Thomson, J. Iribarne, P. Dziedzic. Anal. Chem. 54, 2219 (1982)
source: C. M. Whitehouse, R. N. Dreyer, M. Yamashita, J. B. Fenn. Anal. Chem. 57, 675 (1985)
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Stream of inert gas, often heated, that is used in an electrospray or other spray ionization source to aid in the evaporation of solvent from the sprayed particles. The flow of the gas is in the direction opposite to that of the spray. [IUPAC]

product ion
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000077
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: J. Adams. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 3, 473 (1992).
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609, 10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06.
source: M. Bursey. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 10, 1 (1991).
source: P. Price. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2, 336 (1991).
alternative label: daughter ion
definition: Ion formed as the product of a reaction involving a particular precursor ion. [IUPAC]
note: The reaction can be of different types including unimolecular dissociation to form fragment ions, an ion/molecule reaction, or simply involve a change in the number of charges.
note: The term daughter ion is deprecated. [IUPAC]

fragment ion
type: Class
subclass of: product ion
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Product ion that results from the dissociation of a precursor ion. [IUPAC]

isotopically enriched ion
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000077
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Ion enriched in an isotope in which the abundance of the particular nuclide is increased above the abundance at which it occurs in a reference, usually a naturally occurring sample. [IUPAC]

isobar (nuclide)
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: CHEBI_23367
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: IAO_0000136
    some values from: AFR_0001043
AFX_0002798: true
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Atomic or molecular species with the same nominal mass but different exact masses. [IUPAC]
note: In the case of atoms, this is equivalent to different nuclides of equal mass number. [IUPAC]
note: This term is used in meteorology to denote lines connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure. [IUPAC]

isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation
type: Class
subclass of: AFRL_0000413
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: iTRAQ
definition: Chemical labeling reagents used for relative or absolute quantitation in proteomics, based on covalent labeling of the N-terminus and side-chain amines of peptides from protein digestions with tags of varying mass. [IUPAC]

isotopic ion
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000077
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Any ion containing one or more of the less abundant naturally occurring isotopes of the elements that make up its structure. [IUPAC]
example: CH2D+

isobaric ion
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000077
subclass of: isobar (nuclide)
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Isobaric ions are isobars that all carry an electric charge. [IUPAC]

y-ion
type: Class
subclass of: fragment ion
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Fragment ion containing the peptide C-terminus formed upon dissociation of a peptide ion at the peptide backbone C–N bond. [IUPAC]

x-ion
type: Class
subclass of: fragment ion
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Fragment ion containing the peptide C-terminus formed upon dissociation of a peptide ion at the peptide backbone C–C bond. [IUPAC]

secondary electron
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000418
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Electrons ejected from a sample surface as a result of bombardment by a primary beam of atoms, ions, electrons, or photons. [IUPAC]

w-ion
type: Class
subclass of: product ion
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: High-energy product ion of a protonated peptide formally equivalent to a z-ion that has lost the part of the N-terminal side-chain starting at the γ-carbon (if any). [IUPAC]

reference ion
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000077
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Stable ion whose structure or elemental formula is known with certainty. These ions are formed by direct ionization of a molecule of known structure or elemental formula, and are used to verify by comparison the structure or thermochemistry of an unknown ion or to calibrate the m/z scale of the mass spectrometer. [IUPAC]

z-ion
type: Class
subclass of: fragment ion
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Fragment ion containing the peptide C-terminus formed upon dissociation of a peptide ion at the peptide backbone N–C bond. [IUPAC]

v-ion
type: Class
subclass of: product ion
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: High-energy product ion of a protonated peptide formally equivalent to a y-ion with the ionizing proton on the N-terminus, but with elimination of HR from the N-terminus where R is the side-chain on the C-atom of the N-terminal residue, to give a (H2N+=CH–CO—-) structure. [IUPAC]

sheath gas
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000052
AFX_0002796: AFR_0001223
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Gas introduced through a tube that is coaxial with the electrospray emitter to pneumatically assist the formation of the sprayed droplets. [IUPAC]

multiphoton ionization
type: Class
subclass of: photoionization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: MPI
definition: Photoionization of an atom or molecule in which two or more photons are absorbed. [IUPAC]

negative ion chemical ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001026
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: NICI
definition: Chemical ionization that results in the formation of negative ions. [IUPAC]

flowing afterglow
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
source: Handbook of Stable Isotope Analytical Techniques. Elsevier. 2004. ISBN 0-444-51114-8
source: Norton, RB et al. (1966). "Ion-neutral reactions in the Martian ionosphere". Planetary and Space Science 14 (10): 969–978
alternative label: FA
definition: An ion source immersed in a flow of helium or other inert buffer gas that carries the ions through a meter-long reactor at pressures around 100 Pa. [PSI-MS]

laser microprobe mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: LAMMA
alternative label: LAMMS
alternative label: LMMS
alternative label: laser micro mass spectrometry
alternative label: laser micro-probe mass analysis
alternative label: laser micro-probe mass spectrometry
alternative label: laser microprobe mass spectroscopy
alternative label: laser-assisted mass microanalysis
definition: Laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, particularly emphasizing spatially resolved composition information. [IUPAC]

atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: photoionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: APPI MS
alternative label: APPI-MS
alternative label: APPIMS
alternative label: atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is irradiated with an ultraviolet laser at atmospheric pressure. The sample absorbs one or more photons resulting in ionization. [CHMO]

microelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: micro-ESI-MS
alternative label: microESI-MS
alternative label: microelectrospray ionization mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is ionized by forcing a solution (usually in an organic solvent) of the sample through a small heated capillary (at a flow rate of 1 L min-1) into an electric field to produce a very fine mist of charged droplets. [CHMO]

selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
alternative label: SIFT-MS
alternative label: selected ion flow tube mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is ionized by introducing it into a tube containing fast flowing He gas and ions such as H3O+, NO+ and O2+. [CHMO]

continuous-flow fast atom bombardment
type: Class
subclass of: fast atom bombardment ionization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: CF-FAB
alternative label: continuous flow fast atom bombardment
definition: Variant of fast atom bombardment in which the mixture of analyte and liquid matrix is continuously supplied to the sample probe tip. [IUPAC]

resonance ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: laser mass spectrometry
alternative label: RIMS
alternative label: resonance ionization mass spectroscopy
alternative label: resonance-ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: resonance-ionization mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is irradiated with a resonant laser (a laser beam with a wavelength that corresponds to an atomic transition in the sample). The sample absorbs two or more photons resulting in ionization. [CHMO]

spark source mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
alternative label: SSMS
alternative label: spark ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: spark source mass spectroscopy
alternative label: spark-source mass spectrometry
alternative label: spark-source mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is ionized by a vacuum spark discharge, which is generated by a pulsed high (25-100 kV) potential difference between two electrodes. [CHMO]

mass spectrometry of recoiled ions
type: Class
subclass of: secondary ion mass spectrometry
alternative label: MSRI
alternative label: mass spectroscopy of recoiled ions
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is bombarded with a stream of primary mass-selected particles and the secondary elemental ions (usually H+, D+ or He+) ejected from the sample are detected. [CHMO]

photoionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: laser mass spectrometry
alternative label: PI-MS
alternative label: PI/MS
alternative label: PIMS
alternative label: photoionization mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is irradiated with an ultraviolet laser. The sample absorbs one or more photons resulting in ionization. [CHMO]

atmospheric-pressure laser ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: laser mass spectrometry
alternative label: APLI-MS
alternative label: APLI/MS
alternative label: atmospheric-pressure laser induced mass spectrometry
alternative label: atmospheric-pressure laser ionization mass spectroscopy
definition: Mass spectrometry using atmospheric-pressure laser ionization. [Allotrope]

field ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
alternative label: FI-MS
alternative label: FI/MS
alternative label: FIMS
alternative label: field ionization mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is ionized by interaction with a high electric field. [CHMO]

mean of spectra
type: Class
subclass of: spectra combination
definition: Spectra is combined by calculating the mean of the spectra. [PSI-MS]

paper spray mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: PS-MS
alternative label: PS/MS
alternative label: paper-spray MS
alternative label: paper-spray mass spectrometry
alternative label: paper-spray mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of spectrometry where the sample spotted onto paper then solvent is applied and an electrically charged solvent is generated upon application of a high voltage. The ions are then characterised by their mass-to-charge ratio and relative abundance. [CHMO]

fast ion bombardment ionization
type: Class
subclass of: secondary ionization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: FIB
alternative label: fast ion bombardment
definition: Ionization of any species by the interaction of a focused beam of ions, with a translational energy of several thousand eV, with a solid or liquid sample. [IUPAC]
note: For a liquid sample, fast ion bombardment is the same as liquid secondary ionization. [IUPAC]

nanoelectrospray
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002103
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: NanoESI
alternative label: nanospray
definition: Electrospray ionization at a very low solvent flow rate, typically hundreds of nanoliters per minute of sample solution or lower, often without the use of an external solvent delivery system. [IUPAC]
note: Nanospray should only be used to describe the commercial product. [IUPAC]

fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: secondary ion mass spectrometry
subclass of: sector field mass spectrometry
alternative label: FAB-MS
alternative label: FABMS
alternative label: LSI-MS
alternative label: LSIMS
alternative label: MS (FAB)
alternative label: fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry
alternative label: fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy
alternative label: fast-atom bombardment mass spectroscopy
alternative label: liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry
alternative label: liquid secondary ion mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample (which is held in a liquid matrix) is bombarded with a stream of primary noble gas atoms and the secondary ions ejected from the sample are detected. [CHMO]

loop injection mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
definition: A mass spectrometry using loop injection. [Allotrope]

collision-induced dissociation
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001769
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: CAD
alternative label: CID
alternative label: collision activated dissociation
alternative label: collision induced dissociation
alternative label: collision-activated dissociation
alternative label: collisionally activated dissociation
alternative label: collisionally-activated dissociation
definition: Dissociation of an ion after collisional excitation. [IUPAC]

dynamic mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
definition: A mass spectrometry technique in which m/z separation using one or more electric fields that vary with time. [CHMO]

desorption electrospray ionization
type: Class
subclass of: ambient ionization
subclass of: desorption ionization
subclass of: AFP_0002103
source: Z. Takáts, J.M. Wiseman, and R.G. Cooks, J. Mass Spectrom. 40, 1261–1275 (2005)
alternative label: DESI
definition: An ionization method where charged solvent droplets which are formed by forcing the solvent through a small heated capillary (at a flow rate of 1-10 L min-1) into an electric field are directed at the sample surface. The droplets form a thin film on the sample surface, dissolving the analyte of interest. [CHMO]

ion trap mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
alternative label: IT MS
alternative label: IT-MS
alternative label: ITMS
alternative label: ion trap MS
alternative label: ion trap mass spectroscopy
alternative label: ion-trap mass spectrometry
alternative label: ion-trap mass spectroscopy
definition: Any type of mass spectrometry where the mass-to-charge ratio of the sample ions is measured whilst the ions are held in a stable orbit by an electric or magnetic field. [CHMO]

electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: sector field mass spectrometry
alternative label: ES-MS
alternative label: ESI MS
alternative label: ESI-MS
alternative label: ESI-mass spectrometry
alternative label: ESIMS
alternative label: ESMS
alternative label: MS (EI)
alternative label: electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy
definition: Any type of spectrometry where the sample is ionized by forcing a solution (usually in an organic solvent) of the sample through a small heated capillary (at a flow rate of 1-10 L min-1) into an electric field to produce a very fine mist of charged droplets. The ions are then characterised by their mass-to-charge ratio and relative abundance. [CHMO]

tandem mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001707
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: MS-MS
alternative label: MS/MS
alternative label: MS2
alternative label: double mass spectrometry
alternative label: mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry
alternative label: tandem MS
alternative label: tandem mass spectroscopy
alternative label: tandem-MS
definition: Acquisition and study of the spectra of the product ions or precursor ions of m/z selected ions, or of precursor ions of a selected neutral mass loss. [IUPAC]
note: MS/MS can be accomplished using instruments incorporating more than one analyzer (tandem mass spectrometry in space) or in trap instruments (tandem mass spectrometry in time). [IUPAC]

median of spectra
type: Class
subclass of: spectra combination
definition: Spectra is combined by calculating the median of the spectra. [PSI-MS]

baseline reduction
type: Class
subclass of: mass spectrometry data processing
definition: A process of removal of varying intensities generated due to variable energy absorption before further processing can take place. Baseline reduction facilitates meaningful comparison between intensities of m/z values. [PSI-MS]

plasma desorption ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
alternative label: fission fragment ionization
definition: The ionization of material in a solid sample by bombarding it with ionic or neutral atoms formed as a result of the fission of a suitable nuclide, typically 252Cf. [PSI-MS]

ionspray mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: ISI-MS
alternative label: ISI/MS
alternative label: ISMS
alternative label: ion spray ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: ionspray MS
alternative label: ionspray mass spectroscopy
alternative label: pneumatically-assisted electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: pneumatically-assisted electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy.
alternative label: turbo ion-spray mass spectrometry
alternative label: turbo ion-spray mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is ionized by forcing an aqueous solution of the sample through a small heated capillary (at a flow rate of 1-10 L min-1) into an electric field to produce a very fine mist of charged droplets. [CHMO]

electrospray-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: ELDI-MS
alternative label: ELDI/MS
alternative label: ESI-LD-MS
alternative label: electrospray ionization laser desorption mass spectrometry
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where neutral molecules are desorbed from the sample (usually biological) using a nitrogen laser and then ionized by collision with charged solvent droplets which are formed by forcing the solvent through a small heated capillary into an electric field. [CHMO]

rotating-field mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
alternative label: RFMS
alternative label: rotating field MS
alternative label: rotating field mass spectrometry
definition: A type of mass spectrometry that uses sinusoidal radio frequency fields (in the x- and y- direction, differing in phase by 90 deg.) during ion detection. The ions of a particular mass travel in a helix and impact an ion detector, generating a pattern consisting of a set of concentric circles. [CHMO]

molecular beam mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: MBMS
definition: Mass spectrometry measurement in which the sample is introduced into the ion source of the mass spectrometer as a collimated beam of molecules with a narrow velocity distribution. [IUPAC]

matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: MALDI MS
alternative label: MALDI-MS
alternative label: MALDIMS
alternative label: matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) MS
alternative label: matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectroscopy
definition: Any type of mass spectrometry where the sample (usually a large organic molecule or biomolecule) is vaporized and ionized using a high-energy pulsed laser. The sample is held in a matrix (such as crystallised dihydrobenzoic acid) to protect it from direct laser illumination and to separate the sample molecules. [CHMO]

desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: DESI MS
alternative label: DESI-MS
alternative label: DESIMS
alternative label: desorption electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is ionized by directing charged solvent droplets (which are formed by forcing the solvent through a small heated capillary into an electric field) at the sample surface. The droplets form a thin film on the sample surface, dissolving the analyte of interest. [CHMO]

neutralization-reionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Procedure by which neutral species are formed from m/z selected ions by charge transfer to a collision gas or by dissociation. The neutral species are separated from the remaining ions and ionized through collisions with a second gas. [IUPAC]

sol-gel-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: SGALDI MS
alternative label: SGALDI-MS
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample (usually a large organic molecule or biomolecule) is vaporized and ionized using a high-energy pulsed laser. The sample is held in a sol-gel matrix to protect it from direct laser illumination and to separate the sample molecules. [CHMO]

thermal ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
alternative label: TIMS
alternative label: surface ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: surface ionization mass spectroscopy
alternative label: thermal ionization mass spectroscopy
alternative label: thermal-ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: thermal-ionization mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where ionization is achieved by loading the sample onto a heated filament. [CHMO]

laser mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: sector field mass spectrometry
alternative label: L-MS
alternative label: LMS
alternative label: laser mass spectroscopy
definition: Any type of mass spectrometry where the sample is illuminated with a laser. [CHMO]

dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: secondary ion mass spectrometry
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: DMS
alternative label: DSIMS
alternative label: dynamic mass spectrometry
alternative label: dynamic mass spectroscopy
alternative label: dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy
alternative label: sputtered mass spectrometry
alternative label: sputtered mass spectroscopy
definition: Secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis with primary ion current density sufficiently high for use in analysis of sample surface layers in the depth direction. [IUPAC]

ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: ion trap mass spectrometry
alternative label: ICR MS
alternative label: ICR mass spectrometry
alternative label: ICR mass spectroscopy
alternative label: ICR-MS
alternative label: ICRMS
alternative label: ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy
alternative label: ion-cyclotron-resonance mass spectrometry
alternative label: ion-cyclotron-resonance mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the mass-to-charge ratio of the sample ions is determined by measuring their cyclotron frequency (the frequency at which they precesses in a fixed magnetic field). [CHMO]

spectra combination
type: Class
definition: Method used to combine the mass spectra. [PSI-MS]

nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: nano-ESI-MS
alternative label: nano-electrospray mass spectrometry
alternative label: nanoESI-MS
alternative label: nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is ionized by forcing a solution (usually in an organic solvent) of the sample through a small heated capillary (at a flow rate of nL min-1) into an electric field to produce a very fine mist of charged droplets. [CHMO]

triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: tandem mass spectrometry
subclass of: AFP_0001109
alternative label: TQMS
definition: A triple quadrupole mass spectrometry is tandem mass spectrometry using two quadropole mass analyzers in series with a (non-mass-resolving) radio frequency (RF)–only quadrupole between them to act as a cell for collision-induced dissociation. This configuration is often abbreviated QqQ. [Wikipedia]

plasma-assisted desorption ionization
type: Class
subclass of: plasma ionization
alternative label: PADI
definition: An ionization method where a plasma (a partially ionized gas - such as Ar - containing free electrons) is directed onto the sample surface causing desorption of sample molecules from the surface and subsequent ionization. [CHMO]

secondary neutral atom mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: SNMS
alternative label: dynamic neutral atom mass spectrometry
alternative label: dynamic neutral atom mass spectroscopy
alternative label: dynamic neutral particle mass spectrometry
alternative label: dynamic neutral particle mass spectroscopy
alternative label: secondary neutral atom mass spectroscopy
alternative label: secondary neutral particle mass spectrometry
alternative label: secondary neutral particle mass spectroscopy
alternative label: sputtered neutral atom mass spectrometry
alternative label: sputtered neutral atom mass spectroscopy
alternative label: sputtered neutral particle mass spectroscopy
definition: Mass spectrometry technique in which neutral species ejected from a sample surface as a result of bombardment by a primary beam of atoms or ions are ionized, most often by photoionization, prior to analysis. [IUPAC]

photoionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
alternative label: PI
alternative label: photon impact
change note: 2024-09-12 Added license and rights fields.
definition: Ionization of an atom or molecule by a photon, written M + hν → M+• + e–. [IUPAC]

resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization
type: Class
subclass of: multiphoton ionization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: REMPI
alternative label: RI
alternative label: resonance ionization
definition: Multiphoton ionization in which the ionization cross section is significantly enhanced because theenergy of the incident photons is resonant with an intermediate excited state of the neutral. [IUPAC]

liquid secondary ionization
type: Class
subclass of: secondary ionization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: LSI
definition: Ionization of any species by the interaction of a focused beam of ions or atoms with a sample that is dissolved in a solvent matrix. [IUPAC]

pyrolysis mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: Py-MS
alternative label: Py/MS
alternative label: PyMS
alternative label: py-MS
alternative label: py/MS
alternative label: pyrolysis mass spectroscopy
alternative label: pyrolysis-mass spectrometry
alternative label: pyrolysis-mass spectroscopy
definition: Mass spectrometry technique in which the sample is heated to the point of decomposition and the gasphase decomposition products are characterized by mass spectrometry. [IUPAC]

neutral loss scan
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002515
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: D. Zakett, A. E. Schoen, R. W. Kondrat, R. G. Cooks. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 6781 (1979).
alternative label: NL
change note: 2024-09-12 Added license and rights fields.
definition: Scan used to generate a constant neutral loss spectrum. [IUPAC]

extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: EESI-MS
alternative label: EESI/MS
alternative label: extractive electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where a neutral sample, in the form of a gas or aerosol flow, is ionized by directing it into a plume of charged droplets, generated by forcing a solution of pure solvent through a small heated capillary (at a flow rate of 1-10 µL min-1) into an electric field. [CHMO]

time delayed fragmentation
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001707
alternative label: TDF
definition: Mass spectrometry in which the product ions are collected after a time delay, which allows the observation of lower energy fragmentation processes after precursor ion activation. [PSI-MS]

quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: ion trap mass spectrometry
alternative label: QMS
alternative label: quadrupole ion trap mass spectroscopy
alternative label: quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometry
alternative label: quadrupole ion-trap mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the mass-to-charge ratio of the sample ions is measured whilst the ions are held in a stable orbit by an electric field generated by four parallel electrodes. The voltage is a combination of Radio Frequency (RF) and Direct Current (DC). [CHMO]

plasma ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
definition: Any ionization method when the sample is ionized in a plasma - a partially ionized gas (such as Ar) containing free electrons. [CHMO]

sustained off-resonance irradiation
type: Class
subclass of: OBI_0000011
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000352
  some values from: AFP_0001427
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
alternative label: SORI
change note: 2024-09-12 Added license and rights fields.
definition: Procedure associated with Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometers to facilitate ion/neutral reactions such as low-energy collision-induced dissociation in which a radio-frequency electric field, slightly off-resonance with respect to the cyclotron frequency of the reactant ion, cyclically accelerates and decelerates the reactant ion that is confined in the Penning ion trap. As a consequence, the orbit does not exceed the dimensions of the ion trap but maintains a high average translational energy for an extended time that activates an ion/neutral process. [IUPAC]

mass analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: ion kinetic energy spectrometry
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: MIKES
definition: Procedure by which translational energy spectra are obtained from a sector mass spectrometer that incorporates at least one magnetic sector plus one electric sector in reverse geometry (a magnetic sector followed by an electric sector). [IUPAC]
note: In this context, kinetic energy is interpreted as translational rather than vibrational or rotational kinetic energy. [IUPAC]
note: The accelerating potential, V, and the magnetic flux density, B, are set at fixed values to m/z select the precursor ions, which are then allowed to dissociate or to react in a field-free region between the two sectors. The translational energy-to-charge ratios of the various product ions are analyzed by scanning the electric sector field E. The width of a product ion spectral peak is related to the kinetic energy release distribution for the dissociation process. [IUPAC]

direct inlet mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
definition: A mass spectrometry method using a direct inlet. [Allotrope]

thermospray ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002573
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Spray ionization in which a liquid is flowed through a heated capillary to produce a spray of droplets and solvent vapor. Ions are formed due to the statistical imbalance of charges in the droplets or by a heated filament. [IUPAC]

ambient ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
source: R. G. Cooks, Z. Ouyang, Z. Takats, J. M. Wiseman. Science 311, 1566 (2006)
definition: Desorption of molecules and formation of ions outside the mass spectrometer directly from samples in their native environment with no or minimal sample preparation. [IUPAC]
example: Examples are desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and direct analysis in real time (DART).

atmospheric pressure photoionization
type: Class
subclass of: atmospheric pressure ionization
alternative label: APPI
definition: Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in which the reactant ions are generated by photo-ionization. [PSI-MS]

pneumatically assisted electrospray ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002103
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Spray ionization process in which either cations or anions in solution are transferred to the gas phase via formation and desolvation at atmospheric pressure of a stream of highly charged droplets that result from applying a potential difference between the tip of the electrospray needle containing the solution and a counter electrode. When a pressurized gas is used to aid in the formation of a stable spray, the term pneumatically assisted electrospray ionization is used. [IUPAC]

secondary ion mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: SIMS
alternative label: secondary ion mass spectroscopy
definition: Technique in which a focused beam of primary ions produces secondary ions by sputtering from a solid surface. The secondary ions are analyzed by mass spectrometry. [IUPAC]

plasma desorption
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001769
alternative label: PD
alternative label: fission fragment ionization
definition: The ionization of material in a solid sample by bombarding it with ionic or neutral atoms formed as a result of the fission of a suitable nuclide, typically 252Cf. [PSI-MS]

laser desorption electrospray ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002103
alternative label: ELDI
alternative label: electrospray-assisted laser desorption-ionization
definition: An ionization method where neutral molecules are desorbed from the sample (usually biological) using a nitrogen laser and then ionized by collision with charged solvent droplets which are formed by forcing the solvent through a small heated capillary (at a flow rate of 1-10 L min-1) into an electric field. [CHMO]

desorption ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: DI
definition: Formation of gas phase ions from a solid or liquid sample surface upon activation by heat, strong electric field, particles, droplets, or photon bombardment. [IUPAC]

sum of spectra
type: Class
subclass of: spectra combination
definition: Spectra Sum. [PSI-MS]

acceleration mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
source: Y.-F. Liu, Z.-Y. Guo, X.-Q. Liu, T. Qu, J.-L. Xie. Pure Appl. Chem. 66, 305 (1994).
alternative label: AMS
alternative label: accelerator MS
alternative label: accelerator mass spectrometry
alternative label: accelerator mass spectroscopy
definition: Mass spectrometry technique in which atoms and molecules from a sample are ionized, accelerated to MeV energies and separated according to their momentum, charge, and energy, allowing high discrimination for measurement of isotope abundances. [IUPAC]

post-source decay
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001769
alternative label: PSD
definition: A technique specific to reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometers where product ions of metastable transitions or collision-induced dissociations generated in the drift tube prior to entering the reflectron are m/z separated to yield product ion spectra. [PSI-MS]

nozzle-skimmer dissociation
type: Class
subclass of: collision-induced dissociation
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: in-source collision-induced dissociation
alternative label: in-source collisionally activated dissociation
definition: Collisionally activated dissociation that is caused by collisions in the region between the nozzle and skimmer of an atmospheric pressure ionization source such as electrospray or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. [IUPAC]

laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: laser mass spectrometry
alternative label: LDI MS
alternative label: LDI mass spectrometry
alternative label: LDI-MS
alternative label: LDIMS
alternative label: LDMS
alternative label: LIMA
alternative label: LIMS
alternative label: laser desorption mass spectrometry
alternative label: laser desorption mass spectroscopy
alternative label: laser desorption-ionization mass spectroscopy
alternative label: laser ionization MS
alternative label: laser ionization mass analysis
alternative label: laser ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: laser ionization mass spectroscopy
alternative label: laser-ionization mass analysis
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is vaporised and ionized using a high-energy pulsed laser. [CHMO]

hard ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: F. W. McLafferty, F. Turecek. Interpretation of Mass Spectra, University Science Books, Mill Valley, CA (1993).
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Formation of gas-phase ions accompanied by extensive fragmentation. [IUPAC]

atmospheric pressure glow discharge ionization
type: Class
subclass of: glow discharge ionization
alternative label: APGD
alternative label: APGDI
definition: An ionization method when the sample is ionized, at atmospheric pressure, in a plasma (a partially ionized gas - such as Ar - containing free electrons) which has been generated by passing an electrical discharge between two electrodes. [CHMO]

sector field mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
alternative label: SF-MS
alternative label: SFMS
alternative label: magnetic sector mass spectrometry
alternative label: sector field mass spectroscopy
alternative label: sector-field mass spectrometry
alternative label: sector-field mass spectroscopy
definition: Any type of mass spectrometry where the sample ions are directed into magnetic field, the orientation of which is perpendicular to the beam. The magnetic field forces the charged particles into different circular trajectories, the radii of which depend on the strength of the magnetic field, the accelerating voltage, and the mass of the ion. [CHMO]

penning ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Ionization via electron removal that occurs through the energy transfer from a neutral species (N) internally excited to a metastable state (such as a high Rydberg state) to a neutral species (M) with lower ionization energy, as represented by the following reaction: N* + M → N + M+• + e–. [IUPAC]
note: Penning ionization differs from chemi-ionization in that no chemical change is involved. [IUPAC]

dielectric barrier discharge ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001026
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: DBDI
definition: Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in which the low-temperature plasma is not generated by a corona discharge but by a device consisting of two electrodes with at least one dielectric layer that separates the electrode from the plasma. [IUPAC]

pyrolysis field desorption mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: field desorption mass spectrometry
alternative label: Py-FDMS
alternative label: PyFDMS
alternative label: py-FDMS
alternative label: pyFDMS
alternative label: pyrolysis field desorption mass spectroscopy
alternative label: pyrolysis-field desorption mass spectrometry
alternative label: pyrolysis-field desorption mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is pyrolysed then deposited on a solid surface known as an 'emitter' and ionized by interaction with a high electric field. [CHMO]

spark ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Formation of ions from a solid material by an intermittent electric discharge. [IUPAC]

stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: isotope ratio mass spectrometry
alternative label: S-IRMS
alternative label: SIRMS
alternative label: stable isotope ratio mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the relative abundance of non-radioactive isotopes in a sample is determined. [CHMO]

precursor activation
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0000217
alternative label: activation
definition: Activation of the precursor ion in mass spectrometry. [Allotrope]

electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
source: ISBN:978-0-470-51634-8
alternative label: ECNI
alternative label: electron capture negative ionization mass spectroscopy
alternative label: resonant electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: resonant electron capture negative ionization mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is ionized by interaction with thermal electrons (electrons with energy 0.1 eV or less). [CHMO]

soft ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: D. E. Games. Chem. Phys. Lipids 21, 389 (1978).
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609.
definition: The formation of gas-phase ions without extensive fragmentation. [IUPAC]

particle beam mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
alternative label: PB MS
alternative label: PB-MS
alternative label: particle beam mass spectroscopy
alternative label: particle-beam mass spectrometry
alternative label: particle-beam mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where a liquid sample passes through a desolvation chamber producing a beam of microscopic solid particles. [CHMO]

dual-inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: isotope ratio mass spectrometry
alternative label: DI-IRMS
alternative label: DI/IRMS
alternative label: dual inlet IRMS
alternative label: dual inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry
alternative label: dual-inlet IRMS
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where purified gas obtained from a sample is alternated rapidly with a standard gas (of known isotopic composition) by means of a system of valves, so that a number of comparative measurements are made of both gases. The relative abundance of isotopes in a sample is then determined. [CHMO]

elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: isotope ratio mass spectrometry
alternative label: EA-IR-MS
alternative label: EA-IRMS
alternative label: elemental analyser isotope ratio mass spectrometry
alternative label: elemental analyser isotope ratio mass spectroscopy
alternative label: elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is first subject to elemental analysis (dropped onto a heated reactor which contains an oxidant - such as copper and chromium oxide - and combusted at 900 C to produce N2, NOx, H2O and CO2 which are reduced in a stream of helium) before the relative abundance of isotopes in the sample is determined. [CHMO]

surface-enhanced neat desorption
type: Class
subclass of: surface ionization
alternative label: SEND
definition: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization in which the matrix is covalently linked to the target surface. [PSI-MS]

high-resolution mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
alternative label: HR-MS
alternative label: HRMS
alternative label: high resolution mass spectroscopy
definition: Any type of mass spectrometry where the 'exact' mass of the molecular ions in the sample is determined as opposed to the 'nominal' mass (the number of protons and neutrons). [CHMO]

isotope ratio mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: IR MS
alternative label: IR-MS
alternative label: IRMS
alternative label: isotope ratio mass spectroscopy
alternative label: isotopic ratios mass spectrometry
alternative label: isotopic ratios mass spectroscopy
definition: Measurement and study of the relative abundances of the different isotopes of an element in a material using a mass spectrometer. [IUPAC]

field ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
alternative label: FI
definition: The removal of electrons from any species by interaction with a high electric field. [PSI-MS]

secondary ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Process in which ions are ejected from a sample surface as a result of bombardment by a primary beam of atoms or ions. [IUPAC]

ion-source pyrolysis
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001317
definition: The chemical degradation of a sample by thermal energy in which the reactor is located within the ion source of a mass spectrometer. [CHMO]

zoom scan mode
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001146
alternative label: enhanced resolution scan
definition: Zoom scan is a type of scan mode, where data with improved resolution is acquired. This is typically achieved by scanning a more narrow scan window or scanning with a lower scan rate. [PSI-MS]

charge deconvolution
type: Class
subclass of: mass spectrometry data processing
definition: The determination of the mass of an ion based on the mass spectral peaks that represent multiple-charge ions. [PSI-MS]

vertical ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Process in which one or more electrons are removed from or added to a molecule without a change in the positions of the atoms. [IUPAC]
note: Such a frozen nuclei process is called a Franck–Condon process in optical spectroscopy. [IUPAC]
note: The resulting ion is typically in an excited vibrational state. [IUPAC]

desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001026
subclass of: atmospheric pressure ionization
alternative label: DAPCI
definition: An ionization method in which a corona discharge is used to direct a liquid spray (composed of an inert, high velocity gas and solvent ions) onto the sample surface. [CHMO]

orthogonal acceleration mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: acceleration mass spectrometry
alternative label: oa-MS
alternative label: orthogonal accelerator mass spectrometry
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is ionized and the ions are accelerated to very high kinetic energies by an ion source that works by sampling an ion beam travelling in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the flight path in the mass-to-charge analyser. [CHMO]

microelectrospray
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002103
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Electrospray ionization at a low solvent flow rate, typically several microliters per minute or lower, where a pump is used to provide the sample flow. [IUPAC]

far-infrared magnetic resonance spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0000741
subclass of: AFP_0001566
alternative label: FIR-LMR
alternative label: FIRMR
alternative label: LEPR
alternative label: LESR
alternative label: LMR
alternative label: far-infrared laser magnetic resonance
alternative label: far-infrared laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy
alternative label: far-infrared magnetic resonance
alternative label: laser electron paramagnetic resonance
alternative label: laser electron spin resonance
alternative label: laser magnetic resonance
alternative label: laser magnetic resonance (LMR) at far-infrared wavelengths
alternative label: laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy
definition: A type of spectroscopy where the energy levels of paramagnetic species (such as HCN) are tuned into resonance with a far-infrared laser source in order to investigate rotational transitions. [CHMO]

surface-induced dissociation
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001769
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: SID
definition: Fragmentation that results from the collision of an ion with a surface. [IUPAC]

chemical ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
alternative label: CI-MS
alternative label: LCPIMS
alternative label: LP-CI-MS
alternative label: LPCI-MS
alternative label: chemical ionization mass spectroscopy
alternative label: low pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: low pressure chemical ionization mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is ionized by interaction (electron or proton transfer) with reagent (N2, O2, H2O) gaseous ions at low pressure. Reagent ions are produced by electron ionization. [CHMO]

associative ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Ionization process in which two atoms or molecules, one or both of which is in an excited state, react to form a single positive ion and an electron. [IUPAC]

matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization
type: Class
subclass of: laser desorption electrospray ionization
alternative label: MALDESI
definition: An ionization method where neutral molecules are desorbed from the sample (usually biological and held in an organic acid matrix) using a nitrogen laser and then ionized by collision with charged solvent droplets which are formed by forcing the solvent through a small heated capillary (at a flow rate of 1-10 L min-1) into an electric field. [CHMO]

pyrolysis field ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: field ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: Py-FIMS
alternative label: PyFIMS
alternative label: py-FIMS
alternative label: pyFIMS
alternative label: pyrolysis field ionization mass spectroscopy
alternative label: pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is pyrolyzed then ionized by interaction with a high electric field. [CHMO]

fixed precursor ion scan
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002515
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: J. Adams. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 3, 473 (1992).
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
source: M. Bursey. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 10, 1 (1991).
source: P. Price. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2, 336 (1991).
alternative label: PC
definition: Scan that determines, in a single experiment, the m/z values of product ions that are produced by the reaction of a selected precursor ion with a user-specified m/z value. [IUPAC]

electron ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: sector field mass spectrometry
alternative label: EI-MS
alternative label: electron ionization mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is ionized by electrons (energy 70 eV) which have been emitted from a glowing filament and accelerated through an electric field. [CHMO]

field desorption
type: Class
subclass of: desorption ionization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: FD
definition: The formation of gas-phase ions from a material deposited on a solid surface in the presence of a high electric field. Because this process may encompass ionization by field ionization or other mechanisms, it is not recommended as a synonym for field desorption ionization. [PSI-MS]
note: Because this process probably encompasses ionization by field ionization in conjugation with other mechanisms of ionization, the term field desorption ionization, despite its widespread use, is imprecise and therefore not recommended. [IUPAC]

high-energy collision-induced dissociation
type: Class
subclass of: collision-induced dissociation
definition: A collision-induced dissociation process wherein the projectile ion has the translational energy higher than approximately 1000 eV. [PSI-MS]

low-energy collision-induced dissociation
type: Class
subclass of: collision-induced dissociation
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Collision-induced dissociation process wherein the precursor ion has laboratory-frame translational energy lower than a given value, often taken to be 1 keV. [IUPAC]
note: This process can be carried out under single collision conditions but typically requires multiple collisions and the collisional excitation is cumulative. [IUPAC]

secondary electron emission mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
alternative label: SEEM-MS
alternative label: SEEM/MS
alternative label: secondary electron emission mass spectroscopy
definition: Any type of mass spectrometry where a surface is bombarded with sample ions and the secondary electrons emitted are detected. [CHMO]

fast atom bombardment ionization
type: Class
subclass of: secondary ionization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: FAB
definition: Ionization of molecules initiated by a beam of neutral atoms with translational energies in the keV range. Labile molecules susceptible to dissociation are dissolved in an involatile liquid matrix that absorbs the energy of the bombarding atoms to form a selvedge region above the liquid surface in which ionization of the molecules occurs. [IUPAC]
note: Positive ions (e.g., protonated or cationized molecules) or negative ions (e.g., deprotonated molecules) are formed depending on the polarity of ionization. [IUPAC]

time-of-flight mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
alternative label: TOF-MS
alternative label: TOFMS
alternative label: ToF-MS
alternative label: time-of-flight mass spectroscopy
definition: Any type of mass spectrometry where sample ions with different masses are accelerated to the same (known) kinetic energy and the time taken for each ion to reach a detector at a known distance is measured. This time is dependent on the mass-to-charge ratio of the ion. [CHMO]

fixed product ion scan
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002515
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: J. Adams. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 3, 473 (1992).
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
source: M. Bursey. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 10, 1 (1991).
source: P. Price. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2, 336 (1991)
alternative label: PI
definition: Scan that determines, in a single experiment, the m/z values of precursor ions that react to produce a product ion with a user-selected m/z value. [IUPAC]

laser desorption ionization
type: Class
subclass of: desorption ionization
subclass of: laser ionization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: LDI
definition: Formation of gas-phase ions by the interaction of a laser with a solid or liquid material. [IUPAC]

overlay spectra
type: Class
subclass of: spectra combination
definition: Spectra are overlayed on plot. [Allotrope]

atmospheric pressure ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: D. I. Carroll, I. Dzidic, R. N. Stillwell, K. D. Haegele, E. C. Horning. Anal. Chem. 47, 2369 (1975).
source: E. Rosenberg. J. Chromatogr., A 1000, 841 (2003).
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: API
definition: Any ionization process in which ions are formed in the gas phase at atmospheric pressure. [PSI-MS]
note: Atmospheric pressure ionization is not a synonym for atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. [IUPAC]

stored waveform inverse fourier transform
type: Class
subclass of: OBI_0000011
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000352
  some values from: AFP_0001427
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: SWIFT
definition: Technique to create excitation waveforms for ions in Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometers or Paul ion traps. An excitation waveform in the time-domain is generated by taking the inverse Fourier transform of an appropriate frequency-domain programmed excitation spectrum, in which the resonance frequencies of ions to be excited are included. [IUPAC]
note: This procedure may be used for selection of precursor ions in MSn experiments. [IUPAC]

multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: photoionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: MPI-MS
alternative label: MPIMS
alternative label: MUPI-MS
alternative label: multi photon ionization mass spectroscopy
alternative label: multiphoton ionization mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is irradiated with an ultraviolet laser. The sample absorbs two or more photons resulting in ionization. [CHMO]

surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: SALDI MS
alternative label: SELDI MS
alternative label: SELDI-MS
alternative label: surface-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample (usually a large organic molecule or biomolecule) is vaporized and ionized using a high-energy pulsed laser. The sample is mixed with a matrix compound (such as crystallised dihydrobenzoic acid) and deposited on a surface, with some chemical functionality, to protect it from direct laser illumination and to separate the sample molecules. [CHMO]

laser ablation electrospray ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002103
alternative label: LAESI
definition: An ionization method where the sample is vaporised using a high-energy pulsed laser and then ionized by forcing a solution (usually in an organic solvent) of it through a small heated capillary (at a flow rate of 1-10 L min-1) into an electric field to produce a very fine mist of charged droplets. [CHMO]

mass spectrometry data processing
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0000307
definition: Data processing methods applicable to mass spectrometry results. [Allotrope]

AFP_0002093
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001227
alternative label: TOF
alternative label: TOF method
alternative label: TOF technique
alternative label: time-of-flight technique

time lag focusing
type: Class
subclass of: OBI_0000011
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000352
  some values from: AFP_0001427
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: TLF
definition: Energy focusing of ions formed in the gas phase in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer that is accomplished by introducing a time delay between the formation of the ions and the application of the accelerating potential pulse. [IUPAC]

ambient ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
alternative label: ambient mass spectrometry
definition: Any mass spectrometry technique where the sample is ionized at low or ambient temperature. [CHMO]

ion kinetic energy spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: IKES
definition: A method of analysis in which a beam of ions is separated according to the ratio of its translational energy to charge. [PSI-MS]

plasma mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
alternative label: PS-MS
alternative label: plasma source mass spectroscopy
definition: Any type of mass spectrometry where the sample is ionized in a plasma (a partially ionized gas - such as Ar - containing free electrons). [CHMO]

isotope dilution mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: isotope ratio mass spectrometry
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: ID-MS
alternative label: IDMS
alternative label: isotope dilution mass spectroscopy
definition: Quantitative mass spectrometry technique in which an isotopically enriched compound is used as a surrogate internal standard. [IUPAC]

matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization imaging mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: imaging mass spectrometry
alternative label: MALDI-IMS
alternative label: MALDI-MS imaging
alternative label: matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization imaging mass spectroscopy
definition: The collection of spatially resolved mass spectra of a sample during microscopy where a pulse laser is used to produce both ionization and vapourization and the sample is held in a matrix (such as dihydrobenzoic acid) to protect it from direct laser illumination and to separate the sample molecules. The spectra are used to visualise the spatial distribution of (typically) biomolecules by their molecular masses. [CHMO]

direct analysis in real time
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001026
subclass of: ambient ionization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: DART
definition: An ionization method where the sample is ionized by a corona discharge within a He atmosphere. [CHMO]
note: Direct analysis in real time is a proprietary term indicating the formation of ions from a solid or liquid sample at atmospheric pressure through the interaction of a gas stream containing internally excited atoms or molecules with the surface. The excited-state species are typically formed in a glow discharge in helium or nitrogen. The term should only be used to describe the commercial product. [IUPAC]

proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry
alternative label: PTR-MS
alternative label: PTR/MS
alternative label: PTRMS
alternative label: proton transfer reaction mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is ionized by introducing it into a tube containing fast flowing He gas and H3O+ ions. [CHMO]

pulsed q dissociation
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001769
alternative label: PQD
definition: A process that involves precursor ion activation at high Q, a time delay to allow the precursor to fragment, then a rapid pulse to low Q where all fragment ions are trapped. The product ions can then be scanned out of the ion trap and detected. [PSI-MS]

surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization
type: Class
subclass of: laser desorption ionization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: SALDI
definition: Class of matrix-free laser desorption ionization techniques for biological macromolecules. [IUPAC]
example: An example is desorption ionization on silicon (DIOS). [IUPAC]

resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: REMPI MS
alternative label: resonance-enhanced mass spectrometry
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is irradiated with a resonant laser (a laser beam with a wavelength that corresponds to an atomic transition in the sample). The sample absorbs one or more photons resulting in ionization. [CHMO]

imaging mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002432
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: I-MS
alternative label: IMS
alternative label: imaging MS
definition: Procedure used to form chemically selective images of an object based on the mass spectrometric detection of ions desorbed from its surface. [IUPAC]

glow discharge ionization
type: Class
subclass of: plasma ionization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: F. L. King, J. Teng, R. E. Steiner. J. Mass Spectrom. 30, 1061 (1995).
source: J. Coburn, W. Harrison. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 17, 95 (1981).
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: GDI
alternative label: glow-discharge ionization
definition: Formation of ions from gaseous atoms or molecules or from the vapor of a solid sample at the cathode by applying a potential difference between two electrodes immersed in a low-pressure inert gas environment. [IUPAC]

thermal ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: TI
definition: Ionization of a neutral through contact with a high-temperature surface. [IUPAC]

atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001026
subclass of: atmospheric pressure ionization
alternative label: APCI
definition: Chemical ionization that takes place at atmospheric pressure as opposed to the reduced pressure is normally used for chemical ionization. [PSI-MS]

secondary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: SESI
alternative label: secondary electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample ionized by spraying it with a very fine mist of charged droplets which was produced by forcing a solvent through a small heated capillary (at a flow rate of 1-10 L min-1) into an electric field. [CHMO]

continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: isotope ratio mass spectrometry
alternative label: CF-IRMS
alternative label: CF/IRMS
alternative label: continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry
alternative label: continuous-flow IRMS
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the relative abundance of isotopes in a sample is determined. Measurements are taken immediately after sample preparation and separately to the standard gas. [CHMO]

surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization
type: Class
subclass of: surface ionization
subclass of: matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: SEAC
alternative label: SELDI
alternative label: surface enhanced laser desorption ionization
alternative label: surface-enhanced affinity capture
definition: Variant of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) in which the matrix is replaced by a surface coating of a chromatographic stationary phase designed to selectively retain different subsets of proteins or peptides from a mixture depending on their physico-chemical properties or biochemical affinity characteristics. [IUPAC]
note: Originally this technique was named surface-enhanced affinity capture (SEAC) to distinguish it from surface-enhanced neat desorption (SEND) where the surface coating is designed to increase the efficiency of laser desorption. [IUPAC]

surface ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: SI
definition: Ionization of a neutral when it interacts with a solid surface with an appropriate work function and temperature. [IUPAC]

atmospheric-pressure laser ionization
type: Class
subclass of: atmospheric pressure ionization
source: M. Constapel, M. Schellenträger, O. J Schmitz, S. Gäb, K. J Brockmann, R. Giese, Th Benter (2005) "Atmospheric�?pressure laser ionization: a novel ionization method for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 19 (3)
source: Matthias Lorenz, Ralf Schiewek, Klaus J. Brockmann, Oliver J. Schmitz, Siegmar Gäb, Thorsten Benter (2008). "The Distribution of Ion Acceptance in Atmospheric Pressure Ion Sources: Spatially Resolved APLI Measurements.". Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 19 (3): 400–410.
alternative label: APLI
definition: Atmospheric pressure laser ionization is an atmospheric pressure ionization method for mass spectrometry (MS). Laser light in the UV range is used to ionize molecules in a resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) process. It is a selective and sensitive ionization method for aromatic and polyaromatic compounds. [Wikipedia]

cold-spray ionization mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: CSI-MS
alternative label: cold-spray ionization mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is ionized by forcing a solution (usually in an organic solvent) of the sample through a small cold (10-80 °C) capillary (at a flow rate of 1-10 L min-1) into an electric field to produce a very fine mist of charged droplets. [CHMO]

matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
type: Class
subclass of: laser desorption ionization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: MALDI
alternative label: matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization
alternative label: matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization
definition: Formation of gas-phase ions from molecules present in a solid or liquid matrix that is irradiated with a laser. The matrix is a material that absorbs the laser energy and promotes ionization. [IUPAC]

field desorption mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: field ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: FD mass spectrometry
alternative label: FD-MS
alternative label: FDMS
alternative label: field desorption mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where the sample is deposited on a solid surface known as an 'emitter' and ionized by interaction with a high electric field. [CHMO]

sonic spray mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000549
  some values from: sonic spray ionization
alternative label: SSI-MS
alternative label: SSI/MS
alternative label: sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry
alternative label: sonic spray mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where ionization is achieved using a pneumatic nebuliser which turns the sample solution into a supersonic spray of small droplets. Ions are formed when the solvent evaporates and the statistically unbalanced charge distribution on the droplets leads to a net charge. [CHMO]

membrane introduction mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: MIMS
alternative label: membrane inlet mass spectrometry
alternative label: membrane-inlet MS
alternative label: membrane-inlet mass spectrometry
alternative label: membrane-introduction MS
alternative label: membrane-introduction mass spectrometry
definition: Mass spectrometry measurement that uses a semi-permeable membrane separator that permits the passage of analytes directly from solutions or ambient air to the mass spectrometer ion source. [IUPAC]
note: membrane interface mass spectrometry

thermospray mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
alternative label: TMS
alternative label: TSP MS
alternative label: TSP-MS
alternative label: thermospray mass spectroscopy
definition: A type of mass spectrometry where a pressurised solution of the sample is forced through a heated metal capillary tip. Ions are formed when the solvent evaporates and the statistically unbalanced charge distribution on the droplets leads to a net charge. [CHMO]

atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
type: Class
subclass of: atmospheric pressure ionization
subclass of: matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
alternative label: AP MALDI
definition: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization in which the sample target is at atmospheric pressure and the ions formed by the pulsed laser are sampled through a small aperture into the mass spectrometer. [PSI-MS]

chemi-ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: J. M. Dyke, A. M. Shaw, T. G. Wright. J. Phys. Chem. 98, 6327 (1994).
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Ionization of an atom or molecule by interaction with another internally excited atom or molecule. [IUPAC]
note: Chemi-ionization differs from Penning ionization in that chemical change is not excluded. [IUPAC]
note: This term is not synonymous with chemical ionization. [IUPAC]

particle beam
type: Class
subclass of: OBI_0000011
alternative label: PB
definition: A technique where analyte molecules are desolvated before they enter an EI or CI source. [Allotrope]

angle resolved mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Technique used to investigate details of the collisional excitation process by studying trends relating scattering angle of the precursor ion, internal energy transferred, and the masses of the ion and its collision partner. [IUPAC]

desorption ionization on silicon
type: Class
subclass of: surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: DIOS
definition: Soft ionization alternative to matrix-assisted desorption/ionization involving laser desorption ionization of a sample deposited on a porous silicon surface. [IUPAC]

consecutive reaction monitoring
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001707
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: CRM
definition: Multiple-stage mass spectrometry experiment with three or more stages of m/z separation in which products of sequential fragmentation or bimolecular reactions are selected for detection. [IUPAC]

ion enhancement
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001159
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
alternative label: ionization enhancement
definition: Phenomenon in which the ionization efficiency of a compound is increased by the presence of another compound. [IUPAC]
note: The effect is most significant in electrospray ionization but is also observed in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and to a lesser extent in other ionization methods. [IUPAC]

electrohydrodynamic ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002103
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
definition: Ionization process that produces charged droplets and gas-phase ions from a liquid under vacuum with the application of an electric field. [IUPAC]
note: The process is formally equivalent to sub-ambient pressure electrospray ionization. [IUPAC]

ion desolvation
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001769
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Removal of solvent molecules clustered around a gas-phase ion by means of heating and/or collisions with gas molecules. [IUPAC]

delayed extraction
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002530
alternative label: DE
definition: The application of the accelerating voltage pulse after a time delay in desorption ionization from a surface. The extraction delay can produce energy focusing in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. [PSI-MS]

charge site derivatization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0000626
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
source: X. Czeszak, W. Morelle, G. Ricart, D. Tétaert, J. Lemoine. Anal. Chem. 76, 4320 (2004).
definition: Chemical derivatization of molecules to introduce a fixed charge site, thus improving ionization efficiency by electrospray ionization or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and directing subsequent ion fragmentation in a manner that facilitates structure identification. [IUPAC]

corona discharge ionization
type: Class
subclass of: plasma ionization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Formation of ions in a corona discharge. [IUPAC]

desorption chemical ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001026
subclass of: desorption ionization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: DCI
definition: Formation of gas-phase ions by chemical ionization of gaseous molecules produced by the rapid heating and desorption of a solid or low vapour pressure liquid. [IUPAC]

electron capture ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: ECI
alternative label: ECNI
alternative label: electron capture negative ionization
definition: Ionization of a gas-phase atom or molecule by attachment of a free electron to form molecular ions of the M–• type. [IUPAC]

Fourier transform mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Mass spectrometry technique in which m/z values are represented by frequencies of ion motion and mass spectra are generated by Fourier transform mathematical operations from time domain transients produced by image current detection. [IUPAC]

continuous-flow matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
type: Class
subclass of: matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: CF-MALDI
definition: Variant of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in which the analyte is dissolved in a liquid matrix that is continuously supplied to the sample probe tip. [IUPAC]

linked scan
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002515
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Scan in a tandem mass spectrometer with two or more m/z analyzers or in a sector mass spectrometer that incorporates at least one magnetic sector and one electric sector. The analyzers and/or other electric fields are scanned simultaneously so as to preserve a predetermined relationship between scan parameters to produce a product ion spectrum, precursor ion spectrum, constant neutral loss spectrum, or constant neutral mass gain spectrum. [IUPAC]

partial isotopic scrambling
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001135
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
change note: 2024-09-12 Added license and rights fields.
definition: Partial random mixing of isotopes among specified atom positions in an ion or neutral species. [IUPAC]
note: In mass spectrometry, this term usually refers to the partial random mixing of isotopes in isolated ions that were formed with a fixed isotopic composition. [IUPAC]

isotopic scrambling
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001135
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Complete random mixing of isotopes between specified positions in an ion or neutral to achieve an equilibrium distribution of isotopes. [IUPAC]
note: In mass spectrometry, this term usually refers to the random mixing of isotopes in isolated ions that were formed with a fixed isotopic composition. [IUPAC]

mass selective instability
type: Class
subclass of: ion ejection method
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: MSI
definition: Unstable trajectories in an ion trap for ions within a particular range of m/z values caused by an appropriate combination of oscillating electric fields. [IUPAC]

peak matching
type: Class
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Peak matching is a mass analysis measuring the accurate mass of an ion using scanning mass spectrometers, in which the peak corresponding to the unknown ion and that for a reference ion of known m/z are displayed alternately and caused to overlap by adjusting appropriate electric fields. [IUPAC]

peak parking
type: Class
subclass of: OBI_0000011
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Method used to extend the amount of time available for mass spectrometric analysis of the components in a narrow chromatographic peak. The eluent flow rate is reduced to an ultra-low level at the leading edge of the peak and held at this low flow rate for the duration of compound elution, thus enabling collection of sufficient data for reliable statistical analysis. [IUPAC]

orthogonal electrospray ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002103
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Electrospray ionization in which the axis of the spray is at a right angle to the axis of the sampling cone. [IUPAC]

magnetron motion
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003464
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Slow rotation of the center of cyclotron motion around the central axis of a Penning ion trap that results from a drift of the cyclotron centre along the electric equipotential lines perpendicular to the magnetic field direction. [IUPAC]

mass spectrometer calibration
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002389
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: mass calibration
definition: Means of determining m/z values of ions from experimentally detected signals using a theoretical or empirical relational equation. [IUPAC]
note: Most commonly this is accomplished using a computer-based data system and a calibration file obtained from a mass spectrum of a compound that produces ions of known m/z values. [IUPAC]

peak stripping
type: Class
subclass of: mass spectrometry data processing
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Data analysis technique used in elemental mass spectrometry to correct the intensity of an unresolved multiplet peak monitored for a specific element for contributions from a multi-isotopic contaminant.The correction is calculated from the measured intensity of a different isotopic peak of the contaminant and the known natural isotopic abundance ratio. [IUPAC]

magnetic field scan
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001427
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: B-scan
definition: Method of producing a mass spectrum from a mono-energetic ion beam by varying the strength of the magnetic field in a sector mass spectrometer. [IUPAC]
note: A sector magnetic field produces a momentum/charge spectrum of an ion beam, but if all ions have the same translational energy this is equivalent to a mass spectrum. The force F on a particle with charge q and velocity ν is F = q(ν × B). [IUPAC]
note: The magnetic field scan is sometimes called B-scan, but this is a misnomer since the symbol B denotes the magnetic flux density. The magnetic field strength H in a vacuum is defined in SI units as H = (1/μ0) B −M where μ0 is the magnetic constant or permeability of the vacuum and M the magnetization. B is often wrongly referred to as “magnetic field strength.�? [IUPAC]

magnetic deflection
type: Class
subclass of: OBI_0000011
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Deflection of an ion beam as a result of the motion of the ions in a magnetic field. [IUPAC]
example: magnetic sector [IUPAC]
note: Generally, the direction of deflection of the ions is perpendicular to both the direction of the magnetic field and to that of the ion beam. [IUPAC]

laser ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001993
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: LI
definition: Formation of ions through the interaction of photons from a laser with solid or liquid materials or with gas-phase atoms or molecules. [IUPAC]

kinetic method
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002680
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Method for the determination of ion thermodynamic quantities by a procedure in which the relative probabilities of competing ionic dissociations are measured via the relative abundances of the reaction products. [IUPAC]
note: The extended kinetic method takes the associated entropy changes into account. [IUPAC]

orthogonal extraction
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002530
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: orthogonal acceleration
definition: Pulsed acceleration of ions perpendicular to their original direction of travel into a mass spectrometer, typically time-of-flight. [IUPAC]
note: Ions may be extracted from a directional ion source, drift tube, or m/z separation stage. [IUPAC]

laser desorption
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003565
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Formation of gas-phase species from a solid or liquid sample surface upon activation using a short pulse of photons from a laser. [IUPAC]

mass selective axial ejection
type: Class
subclass of: ion ejection method
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Use of mass selective instability to eject ions of selected m/z values from an ion trap along the trap axis. [IUPAC]

tandem mass spectrometry in space
type: Class
subclass of: tandem mass spectrometry
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Tandem mass spectrometry procedure in which product ion spectra are recorded for ion beams in m/z analyzers separated in space. Specific m/z separation functions are designed so that in one section of the instrument ions are selected, dissociated in an intermediate region, and the product ions are then transmitted to another analyzer for m/z separation and data acquisition. [IUPAC]

sonic spray ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002573
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: SSI
definition: Process in which both anions and cations are produced at atmospheric pressure from an ionic solution due to a statistically unbalanced charge distribution in the minute droplets formed by the action of a sonic atomizer. [IUPAC]

axialization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003409
subclass of: OBI_0000011
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000057
  some values from: Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: C. L. Hendrickson, D. A. Laude. Anal. Chem. 67, 1717 (1995).
source: J. A. Marto, S. Guan, A. G. Marshall. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 8, 615 (1994).
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Technique used in Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers to limit the translational motion of the trapped ions so that they occupy a small volume near the trap center, thus optimizing performance criteria including resolving power. [IUPAC]

radial ejection
type: Class
subclass of: ion ejection method
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
source: R. E. March, A. W. McMahon, E. T. Allinson, F. A. Londry, R. L. Alfred, J. F. J. Todd, F. Vedel. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 99, 109 (1990).
definition: Ejection of an ion from an ion trap in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the trap. [IUPAC]

tandem mass spectrometry in time
type: Class
subclass of: tandem mass spectrometry
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Tandem mass spectrometry procedure in which product ion spectra are recorded in a single m/z analyzer (such as a Paul ion trap, linear ion trap, or Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer) in discrete steps over time. Ions in a specific m/z range are selected, dissociated, and the product ions analyzed sequentially in time. [IUPAC]
note: Mass spectrometers that can perform tandem mass spectrometry in time can also perform MSn. [IUPAC]

quadrupolar axialization
type: Class
subclass of: axialization
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Technique for axialization in Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometers in which magnetron motion is converted into cyclotron motion by subjecting the trapped ions to a quadrupolar excitation field while they undergo collisions. [IUPAC]

product ion analysis
type: Class
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Process whereby a precursor ion of a particular m/z is selected by m/z, fragmentation is induced, and the mass spectrum of the resulting product ions is recorded. [IUPAC]

self-chemical ionization
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001026
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: self-CI
definition: Chemical ionization of an analyte where the reagent ion is an ionized form of the analyte or one of its product ions. [IUPAC]

ion ejection method
type: Class
subclass of: OBI_0000011
definition: Technique for the ejection of ions from an ion trap. [Allotrope]

static secondary ion mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: secondary ion mass spectrometry
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: SSIMS
definition: Method of secondary ion mass spectrometry using low current densities for analysis of sample surface components, in contrast with dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry. which is used for analysis of components in the depth direction. [IUPAC]
note: When the sample is an organic molecule in solid form the term is often changed to organic SIMS or molecular SIMS. [IUPAC]

resonance ion ejection
type: Class
subclass of: ion ejection method
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Mode of ion ejection in an ion trap that relies on an auxiliary radio frequency potential that is applied to the end-cap or trapping electrodes. The potential is tuned to the classical oscillation frequency of a particular ion to eject it. [IUPAC]

axial ejection
type: Class
subclass of: ion ejection method
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Ejection of an ion from an ion trap in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trap. [IUPAC]

nth generation product ion mass spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: product ion spectrum
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: G. C. Thorne, K. D. Ballard, S. J. Gaskell. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1, 249 (1990)
source: G. Glish. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2, 349 (1991).
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Mass spectrum recorded from any mass spectrometer in which the appropriate scan function can be set to record the appropriate generation product ion or ions of m/z selected precursor ions. [IUPAC]

background mass spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Mass spectrum observed when no analyte is introduced into the mass spectrometer. [IUPAC]

CRM spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
definition: Spectrum generated from MSn experiment with three or more stages of m/z separation and in which a particular multi-step reaction path is monitored. [PSI-MS]

constant neutral mass loss spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
alternative label: constant neutral loss spectrum
alternative label: fixed neutral loss spectrum
alternative label: fixed neutral mass loss spectrum
change note: 2024-09-12 Added license and rights fields.
definition: Spectrum of all precursor ions that have undergone a selected m/z decrement corresponding to the mass of a particular neutral divided by the charge number of the precursor. The ions detected are the product ions produced by loss of a preselected neutral mass following collision-induced dissociation of the precursor ions in a collision cell. [IUPAC]

high resolution mass spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
disjoint with: low resolution mass spectrum
definition: A high resolution mass spectrum is a type of mass spectrum that results from a high resolution mass spectrometer. [Allotrope]

mass spectrometry peak
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000413
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: mass peak
definition: Localized region of relatively intense detector response in a mass spectrum when ions of a specified m/z are detected. If resolving power is insufficient two or more components of similar m/z may contribute to one unresolved mass peak. [IUPAC]
note: Although mass peaks are often associated with particular ions, the terms peak and ion should not be used interchangeably. [IUPAC]
note: Care should be used to distinguish mass spectrum peaks from chromatographic peaks in GC-MS and LC-MS. [IUPAC]

SRM spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
alternative label: MRM spectrum
alternative label: multiple reaction monitoring spectrum
alternative label: selected reaction monitoring spectrum
definition: Spectrum obtained when data are acquired from specific product ions corresponding to m/z values of selected precursor ions a recorded via two or more stages of mass spectrometry. The precursor/product ion pair is called a transition pair. Data can be obtained for a single transition pair or multiple transition pairs. Multiple time segments of different transition pairs can exist in a single file. Single precursor ions can have multiple product ions consitituting multiple transition pairs. Selected reaction monitoring can be performed as tandem mass spectrometry in time or tandem mass spectrometry in space. [PSI-MS]

enhanced multiply charged spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: single-stage mass spectrum
definition: MS1 spectrum that is enriched in multiply-charged ions compared to singly-charged ions. [PSI-MS]

constant neutral mass gain spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: constant neutral gain spectrum
alternative label: fixed neutral gain spectrum
alternative label: fixed neutral mass gain spectrum
definition: Spectrum formed of all precursor ions that have undergone a selected m/z increase corresponding to the mass of a particular neutral species divided by the charge number of the precursor. The ions detected are the product ions produced by gain of a preselected neutral species mass following ion/molecule reactions of the precursor ions with a reactant gas in a collision cell. [IUPAC]

charge inversion mass spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Plot of the relative abundances of ions that result from a charge inversion reaction as a function of m/z. [IUPAC]

electrospray ionization mass spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
alternative label: ESI mass spectrum
alternative label: ESI-MS spectrum
definition: A plot of relative abundance (%) vs. mass-to-charge ratio obtained from a mass spectrometry experiment where the ions are obtained by forcing a solution (usually in an organic solvent) of the sample through a small heated capillary (at a flow rate of 1-10 L min-1) into an electric field to produce a very fine mist of charged droplets. [CHMO]

zoom scan plot
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000068
definition: A zoom scan is a plot of the charge distribution of a selected m/z range. [Allotrope]

deconvoluted mass spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: B. N. Colby. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 3, 558 (1992).
source: H. S. Gadgil, G. D. Pipes, T. M. Dillon, M. J. Treuheit, P. V. Bondarenko. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 17, 867 (2006).
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Mass spectrum processed with an algorithm designed to extract a desired signal or signals from raw experimental data in which the desired signals have been complicated (convolved) by some interferences or in some other way. [IUPAC]
example: Examples of deconvoluted mass spectra include mass spectra corrected for instrumental mass bias, or extraction of spectra for pure components from the spectrum of a mixture, or a mass (not m/z) spectrum of a biopolymer from an electrospray ionization spectrum containing peaks corresponding to several charge states. [IUPAC]

e/2 mass spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
definition: A mass spectrum obtained using a sector mass spectrometer in which the electric sector field E is set to half the value required to transmit the main ion-beam. This spectrum records the signal from doubly charged product ions of charge-stripping reactions. [PSI-MS]

mass spectrum peak assignment target
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000024
alternative label: MS peak assignment target
definition: The description of the specific part a chemical moeity that is assigned to a mass spectrum peak. [Allotrope]
example: fragment

electron ionization mass spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
alternative label: EI mass spectrum
alternative label: EI-MS spectrum
alternative label: electron impact mass spectrum
definition: A plot of relative abundance (%) vs. mass-to-charge ratio obtained from a mass spectrometry experiment where the sample is ionised by electrons (energy 70 eV) which have been emitted from a glowing filament and accelerated through an electric field. [CHMO]

MSn spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
alternative label: multiple-stage mass spectrometry spectrum
alternative label: nth generation product ion spectrum
definition: Mass spectrum created by a multi-stage MS/MS experiments. [Allotrope]

residual spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Mass spectrum with peaks recorded in the absence of sample and due either to small air leaks or to the presence of molecules desorbed from the walls of the introduction device, the ion source, or from vacuum pump fluids. [IUPAC]

positive ion mass spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
definition: A mass spectrum of positive ions. [Allotrope]

low resolution mass spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
definition: A low resolution mass spectrum is a type of mass spectrum that results from a mass spectrometer working at low resolution. [Allotrope]

product ion spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Mass spectrum in which the appropriate m/z separation analysis function is set to record the product ions of a selected precursor ion selected by m/z. [IUPAC]

laser desorption-ionization mass spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
alternative label: LDI mass spectrum
alternative label: LDI-MS spectrum
alternative label: LDIMS spectrum
definition: A plot of relative abundance (%) vs. mass-to-charge ratio obtained from a mass spectrometry experiment where the ions are obtained by vaporization and ionization using a high-energy pulsed laser. [CHMO]

negative ion mass spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
definition: A mass spectrum of negative ions. [Allotrope]

time-delayed fragmentation spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: MSn spectrum
definition: MSn spectrum in which the product ions are collected after a time delay, which allows the observation of lower energy fragmentation processes after precursor ion activation. [PSI-MS]

chemical ionization mass spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
alternative label: chemical ionization mass spectra
definition: A plot of relative abundance (%) vs. mass-to-charge ratio obtained from a mass spectrometry experiment where the ions are obtained by the sample interacting with reagent (N2, O2, H2O) gaseous ions at low pressure. [CHMO]

Mathieu stability diagram
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000068
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: stability diagram
definition: Graphical representation expressed in terms of dimensionless reduced coordinates that describes the stability or instability of charged particle motion in a transmission quadrupole mass spectrometer or Paul ion trap, based on an appropriate form of the Mathieu differential equation. [IUPAC]

precursor ion spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Mass spectrum in which the appropriate m/z separation function records the precursor ions of selected product ions or specified neutral loss. [IUPAC]

single-stage mass spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
alternative label: MS1 spectrum
alternative label: Q1 spectrum
alternative label: Q3 spectrum
alternative label: full MS
alternative label: single-stage
definition: Mass spectrum created by a single-stage MS experiment or the first stage of a multi-stage experiment. [PSI-MS]

full scan mass spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
definition: A full scan mass spectrum is based on the data collected in the full scan mode, that is to say a target range of mass fragments is fully determined. [Allotrope]

monoisotopic mass spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Mass spectrum containing only ions made up of the principal isotopes of atoms of the original molecules. [IUPAC]

ion kinetic energy spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000068
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: IKES
definition: Spectrum obtained when a beam of ions is separated according to the translational energy-to-charge ratios of the ions contained in it. [IUPAC]
note: A radial electric field (E) achieves separation of the various ionic species in this way. [IUPAC]
note: In this context, kinetic energy is interpreted as translational, rather than vibrational or rotational kinetic energy. [IUPAC]

ionization efficiency curve
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000068
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Ionization efficiency as a function of the energy of the electrons or photons used to produce ionization of a fixed number of molecules. [IUPAC]

isotope pattern
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000231
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Set of peaks related to ions with the same chemical formula but containing different isotopes that has a particular pattern associated with the relative abundance of the isotopes. [IUPAC]

fixed precursor ion spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000439
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Spectrum obtained when data are acquired that determine the m/z values of product ions produced by the reaction of a selected precursor ion with a user-specified m/z value. [IUPAC]

Wahrhaftig diagram
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000068
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Diagram illustrating the relative contributions in unimolecular dissociation of an ion, for example, by homolytic cleavage of a single bond, and fragmentation following rearrangement. The diagram is in two parts with a common horizontal axis representing the internal energy of the ion. The vertical axis in one part of the diagram shows the two types of rate constant on a logarithmic scale, and that for the other portion of the diagram indicates the distribution function for internal energy of the ion. [IUPAC]

mass (mass spectrometry)
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000923
AFX_0002798: true
definition: Mass in mass specrometry is a facet that describes the mass of a molecular entity. It can refer to different physical quantities depending on the characteristics of the instrument and the manner in which the mass spectrum is displayed. [Wikipedia]

fed supply electrospray
type: NamedIndividual
type: electrospray supply type code
definition: The sprayer is continuously fed with sample. [PSI-MS]

static electrospray supply
type: NamedIndividual
type: electrospray supply type code
definition: The sprayer is loaded with sample once. [PSI-MS]

reverse geometry
type: NamedIndividual
type: sector geometry code
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Double-focusing mass spectrometer configuration in which the ion beam traverses the magnetic sector prior to the electric sector. [IUPAC]

forward geometry
type: NamedIndividual
type: sector geometry code
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
alternative label: normal geometry
definition: Double-focusing mass spectrometer configuration in which the ion beam traverses the electric sector before the magnetic sector. [IUPAC]

Nier–Johnson geometry
type: NamedIndividual
type: sector geometry code
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Arrangement for a double-focusing mass spectrometer in which a deflection of π/2 rad in a radial electro static energy analyzer is combined with a magnetic deflection of π/3 rad, thus providing a single point of focus for ions of the same m/z but with spreads in both trajectory direction and translational energy. [IUPAC]

Mattauch–Herzog geometry
type: NamedIndividual
type: sector geometry code
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Arrangement for a double-focusing mass spectrograph in which a deflection of π/(4√2) rad in a radial electrostatic energy analyzer is followed by a magnetic deflection of π/2 rad. [IUPAC]

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type: NamedIndividual
type: RightsStatement
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type: RightsStatement
description: (c) 2019 Allotrope Foundation
rights holder: www.allotrope.org

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