Allotrope Foundation Ontology (AFO) (WD/2026/06)
type: Ontology
imports: afo
imports: aft
imports: relation
imports: molecular-scale
imports: organization
imports: portion-of-material
imports: system
contributor: Allotrope Foundation
description: Core ontology of the AFO suite with a maturity level of working draft.
issued: 2026-07-08T12:00:00Z
license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License
modified: 2026-03-30T12:00:00Z
rights: Derivative works attribution
rights: Copyright © 2015-2026 Allotrope Foundation
prior version: afo
version info: WD/2026/06

property range condition
type: Class
subclass of: AFC_0000017
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000552
  some values from: AFC_0000021
definition: Condition that limits the value of the data property to a range of values. [Allotrope]

property coordination
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0001277
definition: Property coordination is a coordination of a property term with one or more terms to narrow the meaning. [Allotrope]

property qualifier
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0001277
definition: A property qualifier is a term that narrows the meaning of a more general property term in a certain aspect or context. [Allotrope]

statistical qualifier
type: Class
subclass of: property qualifier
definition: The statistical qualifier in a property coordination indicates the way the value of the property is derived from statistics. [Allotrope]

measurement qualifier
type: Class
subclass of: property qualifier
definition: The measurement qualifier in a property coordination indicates the way the value of the property is acquired or derived. [Allotrope]

boundary qualifier
type: Class
subclass of: property qualifier
definition: A boundary qualifier in the property coordination indicates limits on the values of properties. [Allotrope]

temporal qualifier
type: Class
subclass of: property qualifier
definition: Temporal qualifiers indicate a point in time of some temporal context. [Allotrope]

intention qualifier
type: Class
subclass of: property qualifier
definition: An intention qualifier indicates an intention or purpose of the property in the context of the property coordination. [Allotrope]

numeric item
type: Class
subclass of: AFC_0000163
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000690
  all values from: Datatype
    union of: byte
    union of: decimal
    union of: double
    union of: float
    union of: int
    union of: integer
    union of: long
    union of: short
    union of: unsignedByte
    union of: unsignedInt
    union of: unsignedLong
    union of: unsignedShort
    union of: rational
    union of: real
definition: An item in a series containing a numeric value. [Allotrope]

numeric series
type: Class
subclass of: AFC_0000162
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000551
  all values from: numeric item
alternative label: number series
definition: A numeric series is a series of numeric values. [Allotrope]

AFC_0000168
type: Class
subclass of: AFC_0000166
editorial note: defined class

dynamic reaction cell
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000354
alternative label: DRC
definition: A piece of apparatus that contains a reagent gas that reacts preferentially with certain species in order to allow only the analyte ions into the mass-to-charge analyser and the detector. [CHMO]

capillary cartridge
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000354
alternative label: capillary cassette
alternative label: cartridge
alternative label: cassette
definition: The capillary cartridge contains the capilary. The cartridge can easily be plugged into the capillary electrophoresis instrument. [Allotrope]

nuclear magnetic resonance probe
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000354
definition: A device inserted into the base of an NMR spectrometer that both perturbs the bulk magnetisation of a sample from equilibrium through a series of RF pulses and records its relaxation back to an equilibrium state. [Allotrope]

AFE_0000174
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000693
alternative label: mass comparator

AFE_0000385
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: AFE_0000073
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0000056
    some values from: AFP_0002047
subclass of: AFE_0000073
AFX_0002798: true

weight standard
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0002099
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000087
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: AFRL_0000233
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000054
      some values from: AFP_0000503
alternative label: reference mass
alternative label: weight
alternative label: weight piece
definition: A weight standard is a standard material used in weighing. [Allotrope]

specimen container
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000407
AFX_0002798: true
AFX_0002809: OBI_0002088
alternative label: holding container
definition: The specimen container is a container that contains the homogenized mixture of samples and reagents to be used for a measurement. [Allotrope]
example: specimen container of a cell counter analyzer

spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0002145
alternative label: spectrograph
alternative label: spectroscope
definition: A piece of apparatus used to measure a spectrum. [CHMO]

inlet
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000847
AFX_0002798: true
definition: The incoming port of a device. [Allotrope]

outlet
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000847
AFX_0002798: true
definition: The outgoing port of a device. [Allotrope]

backflow preventing device
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000354
AFX_0002798: true
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backflow_prevention_device
definition: A backflow prevention device is used to protect potable water supplies from contamination or pollution due to backflow. [Wikipedia]

single-use bioreactor
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000451
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A bioreactor intended for single-use. [Allotrope]

single-use equipment
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0001110
  has value: true
subclass of: AFE_0000354
definition: Equipment that is disposed after a single use. [Allotrope]

controlled environment room
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0001319
subclass of: controlled environment area
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A room were environmental conditions like temperature, humidity or level of contamination is controlled. [Allotrope]

controlled environment area
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000029
AFX_0002798: true
definition: An area were environmental conditions like temperature, humidity or level of contamination is controlled. [Allotrope]

aseptic manufacturing area
type: Class
subclass of: controlled environment area
AFX_0002798: true
source: FDA Guidance for Industry Sterile Drug Products Produced by Aseptic Processing — Current Good Manufacturing Practice
definition: The classified part of a facility that includes the aseptic processing room and ancillary cleanrooms. [FDA]

aseptic processing facility
type: Class
subclass of: controlled environment area
AFX_0002798: true
source: FDA Guidance for Industry Sterile Drug Products Produced by Aseptic Processing — Current Good Manufacturing Practice
definition: A building, or segregated segment of it, containing cleanrooms in which air supply, materials, and equipment are regulated to control microbial and particle contamination. [FDA]

critical area
type: Class
subclass of: controlled environment area
AFX_0002798: true
source: FDA Guidance for Industry Sterile Drug Products Produced by Aseptic Processing — Current Good Manufacturing Practice
definition: An area designed to maintain sterility of sterile materials. Sterilized product, containers, closures, and equipment may be exposed in critical areas. [FDA]

benchtop device
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000354
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: benchtop equipment
definition: A device that can be placed on a laboratory bench. [Allotrope]

laboratory funnel
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0002149
AFX_0002798: true
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_funnel
alternative label: funnel
definition: Laboratory funnels are funnels that have been made for use in the chemical laboratory. There are many different kinds of funnels that have been adapted for these specialized applications. Filter funnels, thistle funnels (shaped like thistle flowers), and dropping funnels have stopcocks which allow the fluids to be added to a flask slowly. For solids, a powder funnel with a wide and short stem is more appropriate as it does not clog easily. [Wikipedia]

sample heat cell
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000350
subclass of: AFE_0000646
AFX_0002798: true
definition: The sample heat cell is a temperature controlled measurement chamber that contains the sample under investigation. [Allotrope]

cell heater
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000816
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A cell heater is a type of oven that is used for the heating of a measurement chamber. [Allotrope]

microplate reader
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000354
alternative label: plate reader
alternative label: reader
definition: Plate readers, also known as microplate readers or microplate photometers, are instruments which are used to detect biological, chemical or physical events of samples in microtiter plates. They are widely used in research, drug discovery, bioassay validation, quality control and manufacturing processes in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry and academic organizations. Sample reactions can be assayed in 6-1536 well format microtiter plates. The most common microplate format used in academic research laboratories or clinical diagnostic laboratories is 96-well (8 by 12 matrix) with a typical reaction volume between 100 and 200 µL per well. Higher density microplates (384- or 1536-well microplates) are typically used for screening applications, when throughput (number of samples per day processed) and assay cost per sample become critical parameters, with a typical assay volume between 5 and 50 µL per well. Common detection modes for microplate assays are absorbance, fluorescence intensity, luminescence, time-resolved fluorescence, and fluorescence polarization. [Wikipedia]

eight channel arm
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000354
definition: The eight channel arm is positioned over the the sample plate and scans every column of the plate during a run. [Allotrope]

eight channel biosensor test plate
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000354
definition: An eight channel biosensor test plate is a test plate that has eight biosensors working in parallel. [Allotrope]

vibration feeder
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000354
alternative label: feeder
definition: A vibration feeder is a device that brings in a constant feed of sample by way of vibration. [Allotrope]

downstream channel
type: Class
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A channel that transports signals to the device. [Allotrope]

upstream channel
type: Class
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A channel that transports signals from the device. [Allotrope]

bidirectional channel
type: Class
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A channel that transports signals both from and into the device. [Allotrope]

X-ray device
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0001745
AFX_0002798: true
definition: An X-ray device is a device that creates, manipulates, or measures X-ray radiation. [Wikipedia]

transducer
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0000354
AFX_0002798: true
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducer
definition: A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another. [Wikipedia]

to deliver
type: Class
subclass of: AFFN_0000113
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000054
  some values from: delivering
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: to deliver material
alternative label: to import material
definition: To deliver is the function to import material into some system or site. [Allotrope]

to contain material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: AFFN_0000139
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000054
    some values from: containing material
subclass of: AFFN_0000139
change note: 2017-08-25 BFO alignment restrictions and annotation added [Allotrope]
definition: A contain function is a function to constrain a material entities location in space. [OBI]

to contain fluids
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: to contain material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000054
    some values from: containing fluid material
definition: To contain fluids is a function to contain material in fluid states. [Allotrope]

to contain liquids
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: to contain fluids
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000054
    some values from: containing liquid material
definition: To contain liquid is the function to contain liquid material. [Allotrope]

to regulate pressure
type: Class
subclass of: AFFN_0000123
alternative label: to control pressure
definition: To regulate the pressure of the material. [Allotrope]

to regulate temperature
type: Class
subclass of: AFFN_0000123
alternative label: to control temperature
change note: 2017-32-05 Moved term. [Allotrope]
definition: To regulate the temperature of some material. [Allotrope]

to detect energy
type: Class
subclass of: AFFN_0000037
definition: A function inhered that observes or measures the presence of some energy. [Allotrope]

to detect electro-magnetic radiation
type: Class
subclass of: to detect energy
definition: To detect electro-magnetic radiation is the function to detect energy in form of electro-magnetic radiation. [Allotrope]
example: IR detector
example: UV detector
example: light detector

to detect material
type: Class
subclass of: AFFN_0000037
definition: To detect material is the function to detect material. [Allotrope]

to sort material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: AFFN_0000076
  intersection of: AFFN_0000110
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000054
    some values from: AFP_0003472
alternative label: material sorting function
alternative label: to sort
definition: A sort function is a function to distinguish material components based on some associated physical quality or entity and to partition the separate components into distinct fractions according to a defined order. [OBI]

to consume information
type: Class
subclass of: AFFN_0000009
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000054
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: AFP_0003316
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: AFX_0000399
      some values from: IAO_0000030
alternative label: to consume data
change note: 2017-08-25 BFO alignment restrictions to align with consuming process added [Allotrope]
change note: 2017-58-05 Moved term. [Allotrope]
definition: Process data function is a function that is borne by in a material entity by virtue of its structure. When realized the material entity consumes data. [OBI]

to contain gases
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: to contain fluids
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000054
    some values from: containing gaseous material
definition: To contain liquid is the function to contain gaseous material. [Allotrope]

environmental function
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000034
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A function that effects something outside of a system boundary. [Allotrope]

device function
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000034
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A function that effects the behavior within a system boundary. [Allotrope]

energy function
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: BFO_0000034
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000054
    some values from: AFP_0003321
subclass of: BFO_0000034
AFX_0002798: true
definition: An energy function is a type of function that is realized in an energetic process. [Allotrope]

information function
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: BFO_0000034
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000054
    some values from: Class
      union of: Class
        intersection of: BFO_0000015
        intersection of: Restriction
      union of: Class
        intersection of: BFO_0000015
        intersection of: Restriction
AFX_0002798: true
definition: An information function is a function that is a process that produces and/or consumes an information content entity. [Allotrope]

effect function
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: BFO_0000034
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000054
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: BFO_0000015
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: RO_0002427
        some values from: BFO_0000015
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A function that is realized in a process that is being controlled or being contributed by the realization of an agent function. [Allotrope]

cause function
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: BFO_0000034
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000054
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: BFO_0000015
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: RO_0002418
        some values from: BFO_0000015
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A function that when realized contributes to or controls another process. [Allotrope]

to convert energy
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: AFFN_0000136
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000054
    some values from: AFP_0003416
alternative label: energy conversion function
alternative label: transducer function
definition: A energy function that converts the type of energy. [Allotrope]

to remove data
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: AFFN_0000127
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000054
    some values from: AFP_0000983
subclass of: information function
AFX_0002798: true
change note: 2017-42-05 Moved term. [Allotrope]
definition: To remove data is the function of removing part of the data. [Allotrope]

active pharmaceutical ingredient function
type: Class
subclass of: cause function
alternative label: active ingredient
alternative label: active substance
alternative label: bulk active
alternative label: pharmacon
definition: An active pharmaceutical ingredient function is a pharmaceutical function of a any substance, compound or subset of substances or compounds in a pharmaceutical drug product which are biologically active when interacting with other components of the drug product, other potential drug products, or the chemistry of the body into which the drug will be applied. [Allotrope]

to change color of material
type: Class
subclass of: AFFN_0000076
change note: 2017-08-31 Add term. [Allotrope]
definition: A material function that is to change of material. [Allotrope]

to consume material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: AFFN_0000009
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000054
    some values from: consuming material
subclass of: AFFN_0000076
alternative label: material consumption function
definition: To consume material is the function to consume material. [Allotrope]

to pump liquid
type: Class
subclass of: AFFN_0000046
AFX_0002798: true
definition: To pump liquid is a function to pump liquid material. [Allotrope]

to pump gas
type: Class
subclass of: AFFN_0000046
AFX_0002798: true
definition: To pump gas is a function to pump gaseous material. [Allotrope]

to adjust
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: AFFN_0000127
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000054
    some values from: adjusting
definition: To adjust is to change slightly by moving or altering. [Allotrope]

solution
type: Class
AFX_0002865: portion-of-material

terminating electrolyte
type: Class
subclass of: electrolyte
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A terminating electrolyte is the substance that occupies the tail end of an electrophoresis system, it possesses the lowest mobility across the separated mixture. [Allotrope]

buffer solution group METTLER US
type: Class
subclass of: buffer solution group
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A buffer solution group that is following the METTLER US standard. [Allotrope]
editorial note: 2017-08-30 Move to domain ontology. [Allotrope]

chiral buffer solution additive
type: Class
subclass of: buffer solution additive
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A chiral buffer solution additive is a chiral compound that is added to a buffer solution in order to change ist chiral selectivity. [Allotrope]

highly sulfated cyclodextrin additive
type: Class
subclass of: chiral buffer solution additive
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: HSCD
definition: A highly sulfated cyclodextrin additive is a type of chiral additive that is based on cyclodextrins. [Allotrope]

deprotonation reagent pack
type: Class
subclass of: reagent pack
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: depro reagent pack
definition: A deprotonation reagent pack is a reagent pack that contains the required reagents for deprotonating. [Allotrope]

inert gas
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000154
definition: An inert gas is a gas which does not undergo chemical reactions under a set of given conditions. The noble gases often do not react with many substances.[1] Inert gases are used generally to avoid unwanted chemical reactions degrading a sample. These undesirable chemical reactions are often oxidation and hydrolysis reactions with the oxygen and moisture in air. The term inert gas is context-dependent because several of the noble gases can be made to react under certain conditions. [Wikipedia]

electrolyte
type: Class
subclass of: CHMO_0000993
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000091
  some values from: AFRE_0000009
AFX_0002798: true
definition: An electrolyte is a substance that ionizes when dissolved in suitable ionizing solvents such as water. [Wikipedia]
editorial note: 2017-09-01 Add defined class expression for electrolyte that a chemicalentity that has the disposition to ionize in solution. [Allotrope]

buffer solution group technical
type: Class
subclass of: buffer solution group
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A buffer solution group that is following a technical standard. [Allotrope]
editorial note: 2017-08-30 Move to domain ontology. [Allotrope]

reagent pack
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0002099
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: reagent pak
definition: A reagent pack is a collection of reagents. [Allotrope]

dye
type: Class
subclass of: CHMO_0000993
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000091
  some values from: disposition to color
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: stain
definition: A dye is a substance that changes the color of material. [Allotrope]
example: Trypan Blue used for marking cells.
note: The function of dye is often the marking relevant parts of a matrix. [Allotrope]

electrolyte gel
type: Class
subclass of: electrolyte
subclass of: AFM_0001033
AFX_0002798: true
definition: An electrolyte that has the form of a gel (solid, jelly-like material). [Allotrope]

AFM_0000091
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_00010483
change note: 2016-04-25 Removed matrix super class [Allotrope]

buffer solution group DIN 19266
type: Class
subclass of: buffer solution group
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A buffer solution group that is following the DIN 19266 standard. [Allotrope]
editorial note: 2017-08-30 Move to domain ontology. [Allotrope]

sample matrix
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000877
alternative label: matrix
definition: In biology, matrix is the material (or tissue) in animal or plant cells, in which more specialized structures are embedded, and a specific part of the mitochondrion that is the site of oxidation of organic molecules. [Wikipedia]
example: body fluid, plant extract

standard solution
type: Class
subclass of: solution
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000087
  some values from: AFRL_0000233
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: standard
alternative label: stock solution
alternative label: titer
definition: In analytical chemistry, a standard solution is a solution containing a precisely known concentration of an element or a substance, a known weight of solute is dissolved to make a specific volume. It is prepared using a standard substance, such as a primary standard. Standard solutions are used to determine the concentrations of other substances, such as solutions in titrations. [Wikipedia]
example: 0.100M NaOH

calibration gas
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000154
alternative label: cal gas
alternative label: reference gas
definition: Provides the calibration point for 1 and 2 point pCO2 and pO2 calibrations. [Allotrope]

calibration bead
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0002099
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000087
  some values from: AFRL_0000411
alternative label: bead solution
alternative label: bead standard
alternative label: calibration standard
alternative label: standard bead
definition: Calibration beads are used to calibrate the contrast, focal length and exposure time of the camera. [Allotrope]
editorial note: 2017-08-30 Clarify term and hierarchy with SME. [Allotrope]

buffer solution group
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000015
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000087
  some values from: AFRL_0000411
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A buffer solution group is a buffer solution that consists of multiple different buffer solutions. A buffer solution group participates in calibration of electrodes. [Allotrope]

system metabolite reagent pack
type: Class
subclass of: reagent pack
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A system metabolite reagent pack is a reagent pack that contains the required reagents for cleaning between analyses of metabolites. [Allotrope]

slope gas
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000154
definition: Provides the slope for 2 point pCO2 and pO2 calibrations. [Allotrope]

electrolyte polymer
type: Class
subclass of: electrolyte
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: proton exchange membrane
definition: An electrolyte that consistes of a polymer that is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits. [Allotrope]

primary pH standard
type: Class
subclass of: standard solution
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000056
  some values from: AFP_0001861
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A primary pH standard is a standard solution that has the role of a primary standard in pH measurement. [Allotrope]

nutrient metabolite reagent pack
type: Class
subclass of: reagent pack
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A nutrient metabolite reagent pack is a reagent pack that contains the required reagents for the analysis of nutrient metabolites. [Allotrope]

buffer solution group DIN 19267
type: Class
subclass of: buffer solution group
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A buffer solution group that is following the DIN 19267 standard. [Allotrope]
editorial note: 2017-08-30 Move to domain ontology. [Allotrope]

buffer solution group Merck standard
type: Class
subclass of: buffer solution group
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A buffer solution group that is following the Merck standard. [Allotrope]
editorial note: 2017-08-30 Move to domain ontology. [Allotrope]

buffer solution group METTLER Europe
type: Class
subclass of: buffer solution group
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A buffer solution group that is following the METTLER Europe standard. [Allotrope]
editorial note: 2017-08-30 Move to domain ontology. [Allotrope]

buffer solution group chinese
type: Class
subclass of: buffer solution group
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A buffer solution group that is following the chinese standard. [Allotrope]

buffer solution group JISZ8802
type: Class
subclass of: buffer solution group
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A buffer solution group that is following the JISZ8802 standard. [Allotrope]

rinse solution
type: Class
subclass of: solution
alternative label: flush
alternative label: rinse
alternative label: rinsing solution
definition: A rinse solution is a solution that is used for rinsing the device. [Allotrope]
example: Rinsing a capillary in capillary electrophoresis, rinsing the loop or column in HPLC

buffer solution additive
type: Class
subclass of: CHMO_0000993
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: AFM_0000015
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000087
  some values from: AFRL_0000216
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A buffer solution additive is the additive of a buffer solution. [Allotrope]

gas metabolite reagent pack
type: Class
subclass of: reagent pack
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A gas metabolite reagent pack is a reagent pack that contains the required reagents for the analysis of gas metabolites. [Allotrope]

purge gas
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000154
definition: A purge gas is a gas used to remove or replace existing gas. [Allotrope]
example: Nitrogen in TGA

crystal
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000386
disjoint with: amorphous solid
definition: A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. [Wikipedia]

replicate
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000877
definition: A replicate is the exact copy resulting from self-replication of genetic material, a cell, or an organism. [Wikipedia]

calibration particles
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0002099
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000087
  some values from: AFRL_0000411
definition: Calibration particles are particles used to calibrate particle measuring devices. [Allotrope]
example: polystyrene latex (PSL) particles

AFM_0000452
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000877
alternative label: Ab
alternative label: Ig
alternative label: immunoglobulin

bovine serum albumin
type: Class
subclass of: fetal bovine serum
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: BSA
definition: The globular protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), is a major component of fetal bovine serum. The rich variety of proteins in fetal bovine serum maintains cultured cells in a medium in which they can survive, grow, and divide. [Wikipedia]

fetal bovine serum
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000877
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000087
  some values from: AFRL_0000216
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: FBS
definition: Fetal bovine serum (FBS) or fetal calf serum is the blood fraction remaining after the natural coagulation of blood, followed by centrifugation to remove any remaining red blood cells.[1] Fetal bovine serum comes from the blood drawn from a bovine fetus via a closed system of collection at the slaughterhouse. Fetal bovine serum is the most widely used serum-supplement for the in vitro cell culture of eukaryotic cells. This is due to it having a very low level of antibodies and containing more growth factors, allowing for versatility in many different cell culture applications. [Wikipedia]

AFM_0000470
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000877
example: biotynilated antigen

pellet
type: Class
subclass of: AFE_0002099
AFX_0002798: true
change note: 2024-09-12 Fixed malformed definition.
definition: A pellet is a shape or form of material and as such a morphological quality. [Allotrope]

powder
type: Class
subclass of: CHMO_0000993
AFX_0002815: portion-of-material-submission
definition: A powder is a dry, bulk solid composed of a large number of very fine particles that may flow freely when shaken or tilted. Powders are a special sub-class of granular materials, although the terms powder and granular are sometimes used to distinguish separate classes of material. In particular, powders refer to those granular materials that have the finer grain sizes, and that therefore have a greater tendency to form clumps when flowing. Granulars refers to the coarser granular materials that do not tend to form clumps except when wet. [Wikipedia]

granulation
type: Class
subclass of: CHMO_0000993
AFX_0002815: portion-of-material-submission
alternative label: granulate
alternative label: granule
definition: A granulation is a conglomeration of discrete solid, macroscopic particles characterized by a loss of energy whenever the particles interact (the most common example would be friction when grains collide). The constituents that compose granular material must be large enough such that they are not subject to thermal motion fluctuations. Thus, the lower size limit for grains in granular material is about 1 µm. [Wikipedia]

amorphous solid
type: Class
subclass of: AFM_0000386
definition: A solid that lacks the long-range order that is characteristic of a crystal. [Allotrope]

polymorph crystal
type: Class
subclass of: crystal
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
alternative label: polymorph
change note: 2024-09-12 Added license and rights fields.
definition: A crystalline phase of the same chemical composition with a different, unique crystal structure. [IUPAC]

solid solution
type: Class
subclass of: crystal
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
change note: 2024-09-12 Added license and rights fields.
definition: A crystalline material containing a second constituent which fits into and is distributed in the lattice of the host crystal. [IUPAC]

solvate
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: crystal
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0000087
    some values from: AFRL_0000270
definition: A solvate is a crystalline material that has solvent molecules incorporated into the crystal lattice in a stoichiometric amount. [Allotrope]

printed information bearer
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000178
example: A paper printout. [Allotrope]
example: A printed information bearer is a material where its pattern and color of ink concretizes the information. [Allotrope]
example: A printed photograph. [Allotrope]

electronic information bearer
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000178
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: IAO_0000178
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0000086
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: AFQ_0000065
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: RO_0000059
        some values from: IAO_0000030
definition: An electronic information bearer is a material information bearer where pattern of electric or magnetic qualities concretize the information. [Allotrope]
example: A harddisk. [Allotrope]

time-lapse microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0000044
definition: Microscopy in which the same object (e.g., a cell) is imaged at regular time intervals over several hours. [CHMO]

delayed fluorescence detected magnetic resonance
type: Class
subclass of: delayed emission detected magnetic resonance
alternative label: DFDMR
definition: A double resonance technique in which transitions between spin sublevels are detected by delayed fluorescence. Usually these are sublevels of a triplet and the transitions are induced by microwaves. [CHMO]

adjusting
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003486
subclass of: OBI_0000011
alternative label: adjustment
definition: Adjusting is a changing by altering or moving slightly. [Allotrope]

two-dimensional separation method
type: Class
subclass of: multi-dimensional separation method
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A method that results in the separation of two components along two physical axes. [CHMO]

absorption detected magnetic resonance
type: Class
subclass of: optically detected magnetic resonance
alternative label: ADMR
definition: A double resonance technique in which transitions between spin sublevels are detected by light absorption. Usually these are sublevels of a triplet and the transitions are induced by microwaves. [CHMO]

capillary rinsing
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001750
alternative label: capillary flushing
definition: Capillary rinsing is the process to rinse a solution under defined conditions through the capillary. [Allotrope]

supercritical fluid method
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000015
definition: Any material processing that uses a supercritical fluid. [CHMO]

AFP_0001129
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0000741
alternative label: DEER
alternative label: DEER spectroscopy
alternative label: ELDOR
alternative label: ELDOR spectroscopy
alternative label: double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy
alternative label: electron-electron double resonance
alternative label: electron-electron double resonance spectroscopy

multi-dimensional separation method
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0000422
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A method that results in the separation of two or more components along two physical axes. [CHMO]

optically detected magnetic resonance
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002211
alternative label: ODMR
definition: A double resonance technique in which transitions between spin sublevels are detected by optical means (i.e. the polarization or the intensity of light emitted or absorbed by the sample depends on the population distribution in the spin levels). Usually these are sublevels of a triplet and the transitions are induced by microwaves. [CHMO]

phosphorescence detected magnetic resonance
type: Class
subclass of: optically detected magnetic resonance
definition: A double resonance technique in which transitions between spin sublevels are detected by phosphorescence. Usually these are sublevels of a triplet and the transitions are induced by microwaves. [CHMO]

fluorescence detected magnetic resonance
type: Class
subclass of: optically detected magnetic resonance
definition: A double resonance technique in which transitions between spin sublevels are detected by fluorescence. Usually these are sublevels of a triplet and the transitions are induced by microwaves. [CHMO]

full width at half-maximum peak separation
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0000979
source: Full width at half maximum
alternative label: FWHM
alternative label: full peak at half-maximum
definition: Full width at half-maximum is a peak separation process following an algorithm that uses full width at half maximum height of the peaks as parameter. [Allotrope]

chromatin immunoprecipitation
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0000756
alternative label: ChIP
definition: The sedimentation of a solid material (a 'precipitate') consisting of a protein-specific antibody complex (where the protein is attached to a protein-DNA complex) from solution. This method is used to determine the location of DNA binding sites on the genome for particular proteins of interest. [CHMO]

shaped radio frequency pulse
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001084
alternative label: soft pulse
definition: A selective or shaped pulse, which is designed to excite only a specific region of a spectrum. [CHMO]

delayed emission detected magnetic resonance
type: Class
subclass of: optically detected magnetic resonance
alternative label: DEDMR
definition: A double resonance technique in which transitions between spin sublevels are detected by delayed light emission. Usually these are sublevels of a triplet and the transitions are induced by microwaves. [CHMO]

reaction yield detected magnetic resonance
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002211
alternative label: RYDMR
definition: A double resonance technique in which transitions between spin sublevels are detected by means of reaction yield. Usually these are sublevels of a triplet and the transitions are induced by microwaves. [CHMO]

partial pressure control
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0002832
definition: A process that regulates the partial pressure of a solvent. [Allotrope]

gradient elution
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0000313
definition: Elution with a varied composition of the mobile phase. [Wikipedia]

downstream bioprocess
type: Class
subclass of: biochemical processing
source: Bioprocess
source: Downstream processing
alternative label: downstream
alternative label: downstream bioprocessing
alternative label: downstream processing
definition: Downstream processing refers to the recovery and purification of biosynthetic products, particularly pharmaceuticals, from natural sources such as animal or plant tissue or fermentation broth, including the recycling of salvageable components and the proper treatment and disposal of waste. [Wikipedia]

biochemical processing
type: Class
subclass of: chemical processing
source: Biochemical engineering
source: Bioprocess
alternative label: bioprocess
alternative label: bioprocessing
alternative label: biotechnology processing
definition: A biochemical processing is chemical processing that involve biological organisms or molecules, such as bioreactors. [Allotrope]

chemical processing
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003620
source: Chemical engineering
definition: Chemical processes are large-scale processes that produce, transform, transport, and properly use chemicals, materials and energy. Essentially they convert chemicals, raw materials, living cells, microorganisms and energy into useful forms and products. [Allotrope]

upstream bioprocess
type: Class
subclass of: biochemical processing
source: Bioprocess
alternative label: upstream
alternative label: upstream bioprocessing
alternative label: upstream processing
definition: The upstream process is defined as the entire process from early cell isolation and cultivation, to cell banking and culture expansion of the cells until final harvest (termination of the culture and collection of the live cell batch). [Wikipedia]

producing material
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003315
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000395
  some values from: AFM_0000275
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: material creation
alternative label: material production
definition: Producing material is the producing of new material (from other material). [Allotrope]

consuming material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: AFP_0003316
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: AFX_0002748
    some values from: AFM_0000275
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: material consumption
definition: Consuming material is a consuming of material. [Allotrope]

preparation process
type: Class
subclass of: OBI_0000011
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000063
    some values from: BFO_0000015
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0002224
    some values from: BFO_0000015
AFX_0002798: true
definition: Given a process that needs some requirements (a realized situation) to properly work towards an objective, the preparation process procedes this process to achieve the requirements. [Allotrope]
editorial note: formal definition needs FOL

finishing process
type: Class
subclass of: OBI_0000011
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000062
    some values from: BFO_0000015
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0002230
    some values from: BFO_0000015
AFX_0002798: true
definition: Given a process that needs some post-conditions (a specific situation realized) after process ends the finishing process follows to achieve these post-conditions. [Allotrope]
editorial note: formal definition needs FOL

AFP_0003318
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: AFP_0003316
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: AFX_0002748
    some values from: AFM_0000880
AFX_0002798: true

AFP_0003354
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003400
AFX_0002798: true

mixing material
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003354
definition: Mixing material is a type of connecting that mixes materials with the goal to create a new combined material where all component materials are evenly distributed. [Allotrope]

stopping material
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003424
AFX_0002798: true
definition: Stopping material is controlling a flow of material such that it ceases, or prevents, the transfer of a flow. [NIST]

conditioning material
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003486
change note: 2024-09-12 Removed [OSTHUS] attribution.
definition: Conditioning is changing a material to be appropriate for an intended use. [NIST]

containing fluid material
type: Class
subclass of: containing material
AFX_0002798: true
definition: The state of containing a fluid material. [Allotrope]

removing material
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003473
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A spatial process of removing a material from a site. [Allotrope]

AFP_0003420
type: Class
definition: Discharging is a decrementing activity that decreases the amount of energy in an energy storage medium. [Allotrope]

regulating energy
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003485
definition: Regulating is the adjusting of the flow of energy in response to a control signal, such as a characteristic of a flow. [NIST]

signal process
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000015
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000055
  some values from: AFRL_0000159
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A processing that involves a signal. [Allotrope]

seeing
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003433
definition: Seeing is sensing with the visual sense. [Allotrope]

collecting material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: AFP_0003385
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: AFX_0000395
    some values from: AFM_0000275
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: AFX_0000399
    some values from: AFM_0000275
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000395
  some values from: BFO_0000027
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000399
  some values from: BFO_0000030
alternative label: aggregating
definition: The process of forming an aggregate of some objects. [Allotrope]

extracting material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: AFP_0003336
  intersection of: AFP_0003533
AFX_0002798: true
definition: Extracting material is extracting of material. [Allotrope]

dividing material
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003335
definition: Dividing materials is dividing of materials. [Allotrope]

volumetric analysis
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0001185
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A volumetric analysis is a type of quantitative analysis that measures the amount of a substance by quantifying its volume. [Allotrope]

connecting material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: AFP_0003354
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: AFX_0000395
    some values from: AFM_0000275
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: AFX_0000399
    some values from: AFM_0000275
AFX_0002798: true
definition: Connecting material is connecting of material. [Allotrope]

coupling material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: AFP_0003356
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: AFX_0000395
    some values from: AFM_0000275
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: AFX_0000399
    some values from: AFM_0000275
AFX_0002798: true
definition: Coupling material is the coupling of materials. [Allotrope]

joining material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: AFP_0003357
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: AFX_0000395
    some values from: AFM_0000275
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: AFX_0000399
    some values from: AFM_0000275
definition: Joining material is joining of materials. [Allotrope]

containing material
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003306
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: containing
definition: Containing material is containing of material. [Allotrope]

containing energy
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003306
AFX_0002798: true
definition: Containing energy is containing of energy. [Allotrope]

containing liquid material
type: Class
subclass of: containing fluid material
AFX_0002798: true
definition: Containing liquid material is containing material that is in liquid state. [Allotrope]

containing gaseous material
type: Class
subclass of: containing fluid material
AFX_0002798: true
definition: Containing liquid material is containing material that is in gaseous state. [Allotrope]

data creation
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003315
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000395
  some values from: IAO_0000030
definition: Data creation is a producing process that creates information content entities. [Allotrope]

coordinate assigning
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003603
definition: Coordinate assigning is the assigning of coordinates to something. [Allotrope]

material flow profile
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003281
definition: Material flow profile is a process profile focussing on the flow of material. [Allotrope]

point assigning
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003603
definition: Point assigning is the assigning of a geometrical point to something. [Allotrope]

process controlling
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003359
definition: Process controlling is a process that directly influences the behavior of another process, that is being controlled. [Allotrope]

quality controlling
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003359
definition: Quality controlling is controlling the differential change or keeping of a determinate quality of something. [Allotrope]

quality profile controlling
type: Class
subclass of: AFP_0003359
definition: Quality profile controlling is controlling the change of a determinate quality of time. [Allotrope]

disposition to color
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000016
definition: The disposition to color is a disposition of a material to change to color of material it is exposed to. [Allotrope]
example: a dye substance

transmission high-energy electron diffraction data
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000188
alternative label: SADP data
alternative label: SAED data
alternative label: SAED pattern
alternative label: THEED data
alternative label: THEED pattern
alternative label: selected area electron diffraction data
alternative label: selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern
alternative label: selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns
alternative label: transmission high energy electron diffraction data
definition: Data which is obtained from a transmission high-energy electron diffraction experiment. [CHMO]

calibration spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000068
definition: A calibration spectrum is a spectrum that is produced for the purpose of calibration. [Allotrope]

emission spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000068
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: emission spectra
definition: A plot of emission against wavelength obtained by measuring the emitted spectral radiant power against a quantity related to photon energy such as frequency, wavenumber or wavelength. [CHMO]

electronic spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000068
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: electronic spectra
definition: A spectrum that reflects the electronic degrees of freedom of an atom or molecule. [CHMO]

aggregation function code
type: Class
subclass of: AFC_0000050
definition: The aggregation function code is a code that specifies a certain type of aggregation function for statistical evaluation. [Allotrope]
example: sum, average, standard deviation

neutron diffraction data
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000406
definition: Neutron diffraction data is data participanting in a neutron diffraction. [Allotrope]

derivative spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000068
alternative label: derivative curve
definition: A curve made by derivation from another spectrum. [Allotrope]

sum-frequency generation spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: vibrational spectrum
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: SFG spectra
alternative label: SFG spectrum
alternative label: sum-frequency generation spectra
definition: A plot of sum-frequency intensity vs. wavelength (or wavenumber) obtained by mixing two light beams at a surface and detecting the output beam, which has frequency equal to the sum of the two input frequencies. [CHMO]

vibrational spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000068
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: vibration spectra
alternative label: vibration spectrum
alternative label: vibrational spectra
definition: A spectrum that reflects the vibrational degrees of freedom of a molecule. [CHMO]

transmission spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000068
alternative label: transmission spectra
alternative label: transmittance spectrum
definition: A plot of transmittance vs. wavelength. [CHMO]

reflectance spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000068
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: reflectance spectra
definition: A plot of reflectance (%) vs. wavenumber obtained by measuring the amount of radiation reflected by a sample. [CHMO]

rotational spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000068
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: rotational spectra
definition: A spectrum that reflects the rotational degrees of freedom of a molecule. [CHMO]

microspectrum
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000068
alternative label: microspectra
definition: A spectrum obtained from a very small portion of a sample, for example by means of a microscope. [CHMO]

diffuse reflectance spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: reflectance spectrum
alternative label: diffuse reflectance spectra
definition: A plot of reflectance (%) vs. wavenumber obtained by measuring the amount of radiation reflected from an uneven surface at a number of angles by the sample. [CHMO]

corrected emission spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: emission spectrum
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: corrected emission spectra
definition: A plot of emission against wavelength obtained by measuring the emitted spectral radiant power against a quantity related to photon energy such as frequency, wavenumber or wavelength and corrected for wavelength-dependent instrumental and sample effects. [CHMO]

trending plot
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000634
alternative label: trending 2D image
definition: Plot of a trending result. [Allotrope]
example: In infrared spectroscopy the x-axis is the time and the y-axis is the compound concentration and plots of the substrate, product and intermediate are plotted.

distribution shape code
type: Class
subclass of: AFC_0000050
definition: A distribution shape code encodes a description of the shape of a distribution. [Allotrope]

uv concentration measurement result
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000754
alternative label: linearity report
definition: An UV concentration measurement result is the result of a measurement of the concentration of a compound via UV spectroscopy. [Allotrope]

AFR_0000920
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: AFX_0000670
    some values from: double
  union of: Restriction
    on property: AFX_0000674
    some values from: double
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000670
  all values from: double
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000674
  all values from: double
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000670
  max qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: double
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000674
  max qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: double

AFR_0000929
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: IAO_0000219
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: AFR_0000961
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: AFR_0000960
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0002743
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: integer
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 0

AFR_0000931
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: IAO_0000219
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: AFR_0000961
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: AFR_0000962
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0002743
  some values from: Datatype
    on datatype: integer
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 0

AFR_0000959
type: Class
subclass of: AFC_0000166
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0002705
  all values from: Datatype
    on datatype: integer
    with restrictions:
      min exclusive: 2

AFR_0000960
type: Class
subclass of: AFC_0000166
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002351
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: AFR_0000961
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: AFX_0002803
      some values from: AFR_0000929
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0002705
  has value: 2

AFR_0000962
type: Class
subclass of: AFC_0000166
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0002705
  has value: 1

AFR_0000984
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0000690
  all values from: Datatype
    on datatype: integer
    with restrictions:
      min inclusive: 0

AFR_0001055
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0002803
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: AFR_0000936
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: AFX_0000690
      has value: 1

AFR_0001057
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0002803
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: AFR_0000936
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: AFX_0000690
      has value: 3

secondary standard
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0001276
source: Primary standard
definition: A secondary standard is a standard that is calibrated with reference to a primary standard. [Wikipedia]

primary standard
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0001276
source: Primary standard
definition: A primary standard in metrology is a standard that is sufficiently accurate such that it is not calibrated by or subordinate to other standards. [Wikipedia]

equipment name
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000590
alternative label: device name
definition: An equipment name is a written name referring to a device. [Allotrope]

parameter table name
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000917
definition: A parameter table name is an identifier that identifies a collection of instrument settings in place during an instrument run. [Allotrope]

sample volume
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0001583
alternative label: labeled volume
definition: A sample volume is a quality quantification facet that quantifies an optional, operator-entered value describing the volume of the sample being tested. [Allotrope]
example: 3.7 milliliters

unit operation result
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000922
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0002734
  some values from: BFO_0000015
definition: A unit operation result is a description that is the data output of some unit operation. [Allotrope]

material description
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000922
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0002699
  some values from: AFM_0000275
definition: A material description is a description that describes some material. [Allotrope]

process description
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000922
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0002699
  some values from: BFO_0000015
definition: A process description is a description that describes some process. [Allotrope]

step description
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000922
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0002699
  some values from: BFO_0000015
definition: A step description is a description that describes a step of some process. [Allotrope]
scope note: Description of the individual step in a processing sequence.

step specification
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000957
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0002704
  some values from: BFO_0000015
definition: A step specification is a specification that specifies a step of a unit operation. [Allotrope]

unit operation description
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000922
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0002699
  some values from: BFO_0000015
definition: A unit operation description is a description that describes some unit operation. [Allotrope]

unit operation specification
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000957
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0002704
  some values from: BFO_0000015
definition: A unit operation specification is a specification that specifies a unit operation. [Allotrope]

net weight
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0001844
definition: A net weight is a mass that quantifies the net mass of the objects on the platform of the weighing instrument. [Allotrope]
scope note: The weight of the content in a container without the weight of the container or any other packaging material.

capsule count
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000984
definition: A capsule count (datum) is a count of non-negative integer value of capsules. [Allotrope]
scope note: Count capsules in a sampling unit (plot, plant, branch, raceme, etc).

step result
type: Class
subclass of: AFR_0000922
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0002734
  some values from: BFO_0000015
definition: A step result is a description that is the data output of some step. [Allotrope]

signature file name
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000590
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: IAO_0000219
  some values from: AFR_0000639
definition: A signature file name is a file name that denotes a signature file. [Allotrope]

AFRL_0000056
type: Class
subclass of: AFRL_0000054
alternative label: effect

control system role
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: AFRL_0000005
  intersection of: AFRL_0000101
subclass of: BFO_0000023
source: Control system
definition: A control system manages, commands, directs or regulates the behaviour of other devices or systems. [Wikipedia]

proxy
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: A role that is inhered if the objective of a process is achieved by the participation of the target continuant directly but on another continuant that is correlated with the target. [Allotrope]
example: A UV ray transmission measurement is a proxy for the amount of material measurement using an UV detector.

AFRL_0000099
type: Class
subclass of: AFRL_0000035
subclass of: BFO_0000023
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000081
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: BFO_0000040
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: AFX_0000353
      some values from: AFP_0001319
alternative label: sample

processing medium role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processing_medium
alternative label: operating medium
alternative label: processing medium
alternative label: working medium
definition: In industrial engineering, a gaseous, vaporous, fluid or shapeless solid material that plays an active role in manufacturing processes. [Wikipedia]

representational medium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: BFO_0000023
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0000081
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: BFO_0000040
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: RO_0000053
        some values from: Class
definition: A material entity that is intended to be the bearer of information. [Allotrope]

flow role
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: energy flow
  union of: material flow
  union of: signal flow
subclass of: AFRL_0000091
AFX_0002798: true
definition: A material, energy or signal has the role of a flow if it is input or output of a process. [Allotrope]

energy flow
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000081
  some values from: Class
    union of: Class
      intersection of: AFM_0000880
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: AFX_0000354
        some values from: BFO_0000015
    union of: Restriction
      on property: AFX_0000353
      some values from: BFO_0000015
subclass of: flow role
AFX_0002798: true
definition: Energy flow is a type of flow role that is an energy input or energy output of a process. [Allotrope]

material flow
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000081
  some values from: Class
    union of: Class
      intersection of: AFM_0000275
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: AFX_0000354
        some values from: BFO_0000015
    union of: Restriction
      on property: AFX_0000353
      some values from: BFO_0000015
subclass of: flow role
AFX_0002798: true
definition: Material flow is a type of flow role that is a material input or material output of a process. [Allotrope]

signal flow
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: AFX_0002726
  some values from: Class
    union of: Class
      intersection of: IAO_0000030
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: AFX_0000354
        some values from: BFO_0000015
    union of: Restriction
      on property: AFX_0000353
      some values from: BFO_0000015
subclass of: flow role
definition: Signal flow is a type of flow role that is a signal input or signal output of a process. [Allotrope]

energy output role
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000081
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: AFM_0000880
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: AFX_0000353
      some values from: BFO_0000015
subclass of: AFRL_0000161
AFX_0002798: true
definition: "Energy input" is a role of a energy that is input in a process. [Allotrope]

energy input role
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: AFRL_0000160
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0000081
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: AFM_0000880
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: AFX_0000354
        some values from: BFO_0000015
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000052
  some values from: AFM_0000880
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: energy input
definition: "Energy input" is a role of a energy that is input in a process. [Allotrope]

license role
type: Class
subclass of: AFRL_0000166
alternative label: license
definition: A license role is the contextual role of an information content entity that asserts the grant to use or perfom something by some authority to someone else. [Allotrope]

cellular debris
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: AFRL_0000221
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0000052
    some values from: AFM_0000341
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0000086
    some values from: PATO_0001422
AFX_0002798: true
change note: 2017-09-04 Add term [Allotrope]
definition: Cellular debris is a role of debris that is organic waste left over from dead cells. [Allotrope]

consumable
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000054
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: BFO_0000015
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: AFX_0002748
      some values from: AFM_0000275
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000081
  some values from: AFM_0000275
definition: A role of material that is intended to be directly consumed in a process or to be discarded after the end of it. [Allotrope]

material consumed
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: AFRL_0000167
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000054
    some values from: consuming material
AFX_0002798: true
definition: Material consumed is a role of material that participates in a process of consuming in the role of a patient. [Allotrope]

control signal
type: Class
subclass of: AFRL_0000159
definition: A signal that contains a command to an instrument or apparatus to regulate a mechanism. [NIST]

status signal
type: Class
subclass of: AFRL_0000159
change note: 2024-09-12 Removed [OSTHUS] attribution.
definition: A status signal is a signal about the condition of some system or situation. [NIST]

AFRL_0000252
type: Class
subclass of: AFRL_0000035
AFX_0002798: true

AFRL_0000253
type: Class
subclass of: AFRL_0000035
AFX_0002798: true

AFRL_0000254
type: Class
subclass of: AFRL_0000411
AFX_0002798: true

AFRL_0000257
type: Class
subclass of: AFRL_0000253
AFX_0002798: true

AFRL_0000258
type: Class
subclass of: AFRL_0000035
AFX_0002798: true

AFRL_0000260
type: Class
subclass of: AFRL_0000035
AFX_0002798: true

AFRL_0000261
type: Class
subclass of: AFRL_0000035
AFX_0002798: true

cosolvent role
type: Class
subclass of: AFRL_0000269
alternative label: cosolvent
definition: A cosolvent is an additional solvent that enhances the power of the main solvent. [Allotrope]

chemical labeling reagent role
type: Class
subclass of: OBI_0000086
alternative label: chemical labeling reagent
definition: A reagent used for chemical labeling. [Allotrope]

titrant role
type: Class
subclass of: OBI_0000086
alternative label: titrant
change note: 2024-09-12 Fixed malformed definition.
definition: A reagent used for titration. [Allotrope]

isotope coded affinity tag role
type: Class
subclass of: chemical labeling reagent role
alternative label: ICAT
alternative label: ICAT role
alternative label: isotope coded affinity tag
definition: An isotope coded affinity tag role is the chemical labeling reagent role that labels affinity with isotopes. [Allotrope]

spacer role
type: Class
subclass of: AFRL_0000127
alternative label: spacer
definition: A spacer is an analyte which has a known specific mobility and it is used to run through a detection system in between analytes of interest. [Allotrope]

flow enhancer role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: flow enhancer
alternative label: glidant
definition: Flow enhancer is a material that improves powder flowability. [Allotrope]

lubricant role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: lubricant
definition: A lubricant is a role of a material introduced to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or heating or cooling the surfaces. The property of reducing friction is known as lubricity. [Wikipedia]

Allotrope Foundation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Organization

Royal Society of Chemistry
type: NamedIndividual
type: Organization

maximum limit
type: NamedIndividual
type: boundary qualifier
different from: minimum limit
different from: range
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The maximum limit qualifier on the property coordination indicates that the coordinated property value is a set upper boundary value. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

minimum
type: NamedIndividual
type: statistical qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The minimum qualifier on the property coordination indicates that the coordinated property value represents a minimum of a series of values. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

maximum
type: NamedIndividual
type: statistical qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The maximum qualifier on the property coordination indicates that the coordinated property value represents a maximum of a series of values. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

average
type: NamedIndividual
type: statistical qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
alternative label: arithmetic mean
alternative label: mean
definition: The average qualifier on the property coordination indicates that the coordinated property value represents the average (arithmetic mean) of a series of values. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

geometric mean
type: NamedIndividual
type: statistical qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The geometric mean qualifier on the property coordination indicates that the coordinated property value represents the geometric mean of a series of values. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

sum
type: NamedIndividual
type: statistical qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
alternative label: total
definition: The sum qualifier on the property coordination indicates that the coordinated property value represents the sum or total of a series of values. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

minimum limit
type: NamedIndividual
type: boundary qualifier
different from: range
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The minium limit qualifier in the property coordination indicates that the coordinated property value is a set lower boundary value. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

target
type: NamedIndividual
type: intention qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The target qualifier in the property coordination that the value of the coordinated property is a target value for the property that should be reached in some process. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

variance
type: NamedIndividual
type: statistical qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The variance qualifier on the property coordination indicates that the coordinated property value represents a the variance qualifier of a series of values. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

standard deviation
type: NamedIndividual
type: statistical qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The standard deviation qualifier on the property coordination indicates that the coordinated property value represents a the standard deviation qualifier of a series of values. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

relative standard deviation
type: NamedIndividual
type: statistical qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The relative standard deviation qualifier on the property coordination indicates that the coordinated property value represents a the relative standard deviation qualifier of a series of values. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

median
type: NamedIndividual
type: statistical qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The median qualifier on the property coordination indicates that the coordinated property value represents a the median of a series of values. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

first
type: NamedIndividual
type: statistical qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The first qualifier on the property coordination indicates that the coordinated property value is the first of an ordered series of values. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

last
type: NamedIndividual
type: statistical qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The last qualifier on the property coordination indicates that the value of the coordinated property is the last value of an ordered series of values. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

relative
type: NamedIndividual
type: measurement qualifier
different from: absolute
in scheme: qualifier
alternative label: ratio
definition: The relative qualifier indicates that the coordinated property is a measurable value indicated as ratio to another value. [Allotrope]
example: relative temperature
note: The base property of the property coordination is the property that is put into relation. The super property of the coordinated property is usually not the base property.
scope note: property coordination

range
type: NamedIndividual
type: boundary qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The range qualifier indicates that the coordinated property is a property that defines a range limit on values. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

harmonic mean
type: NamedIndividual
type: statistical qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The harmonic mean qualifier on the property coordination indicates that the coordinated property value represents the harmonic mean of a series of values. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

raw
type: NamedIndividual
type: measurement qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
alternative label: unprocessed
definition: The raw qualifier indicates in a property coordination that the value of the coordinated property is an unprocessed value. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

calculated
type: NamedIndividual
type: measurement qualifier
different from: measured
different from: nominal
in scheme: qualifier
alternative label: computed
definition: The calculated qualifier indicates in a property coordination that the value of the coordinated property is produced by calculation instead of measurement. [Allotrope]
example: calculated net weight
scope note: property coordination

measured
type: NamedIndividual
type: measurement qualifier
different from: nominal
in scheme: qualifier
alternative label: actual
definition: The measured qualifier indicates in a property coordination that the value of the coordinated property is produced directly by measurement. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

threshold
type: NamedIndividual
type: intention qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The threshold qualifier indicates in the property coordination that the value of the coordinated property is the value that must be exceeded for a certain reaction, phenomenon, result, or condition to occur or be manifested. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

start
type: NamedIndividual
type: temporal qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The start qualifier indicates in the property coordination that the property is associated with the start of some process. [Allotrope]
example: start temperature
scope note: property coordination

current
type: NamedIndividual
type: temporal qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
alternative label: actual
definition: The current qualifier indicates in the property coordination that the property is associated with the current state of some process. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

end
type: NamedIndividual
type: temporal qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The end qualifier indicates in the property coordination that the property is associated with the end of some process. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

setpoint
type: NamedIndividual
type: intention qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setpoint_%28control_system%29
alternative label: set-point
definition: The setpoint qualifier in a property coordination indicates that the value of the coordinated property is a value that is a standard value or a norm in a controlled system. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

corrected
type: NamedIndividual
type: measurement qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
alternative label: adjusted
definition: The corrected qualifier indicates in a property coordination that indicates that the value of the coordinated property has been corrected or adjusted from an original value. [Allotrope]
example: baseline corrected
scope note: property coordination

default
type: NamedIndividual
type: intention qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The default qualifier in a property coordination indicates that the value of the coordinated property is a preset setting when no choice is done. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

reference
type: NamedIndividual
type: measurement qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_range
change note: 2024-09-12 Replaced [VIM, OSTHUS] attribution with [Allotrope] as the definition appears to be aligned with other Allotrope-derived definitions, rather than sourced from VIM.
definition: The reference qualifier indicates in a property coordination that the value of the coordinated property is the value taken from some reference group or individual used as basis for comparison with values of the same kind. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

check
type: NamedIndividual
type: intention qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
alternative label: test
definition: The check qualifier indicates the the value of the coordinated property is a value, that triggers a certain reaction, phenomenon, result, or condition to occur or be manifested. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

nominal
type: NamedIndividual
type: measurement qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_versus_nominal_value
definition: The nominal qualifier indicates in a property coordination that the value of the coordinated property is a value existing in name only. It is assigned as a convenient designation rather than calculated by data analysis or following usual rounding methods. The use of nominal values can be based on de facto standards or some technical standards. [Wikipedia]
scope note: property coordination

absolute
type: NamedIndividual
type: measurement qualifier
in scheme: qualifier
definition: The absolute qualifier indicates that the coordinated property is a measurable value irrespective of its relation to another value. [Allotrope]
scope note: property coordination

aggregation function maximum
type: NamedIndividual
type: aggregation function code
definition: The aggregation function code of maximum specifies a function that calculates the maximum of values. [Allotrope]

aggregation function variance
type: NamedIndividual
type: aggregation function code
definition: The aggregation function code of variance specifies a function that calculates the variance of values. [Allotrope]

aggregation function sum
type: NamedIndividual
type: aggregation function code
definition: The aggregation function code of sum specifies a function that sums up values. [Allotrope]

aggregation function minimum
type: NamedIndividual
type: aggregation function code
definition: The aggregation function code of minimum specifies a function that calculates the minimum of values. [Allotrope]

aggregation function standard deviation
type: NamedIndividual
type: aggregation function code
definition: The aggregation function code of standard deviation specifies a function that calculates the standard deviation of values. [Allotrope]

aggregation function average
type: NamedIndividual
type: aggregation function code
definition: The aggregation function code of average specifies a function that calculates the average of values. [Allotrope]

aggregation function count
type: NamedIndividual
type: aggregation function code
definition: The aggregation function code of count specifies a function that counts values. [Allotrope]

narrow distribution
type: NamedIndividual
type: distribution shape code
alternative label: narrow
definition: The distribution shape code of narrow describes distributions that have a sharp range of occurences in a small interval. [Allotrope]

unimodal distribution
type: NamedIndividual
type: distribution shape code
alternative label: unimodal
definition: The distribution shape code of unimodal describes distributions that have a single extremum of highest occurence. [Allotrope]

bimodal distribution
type: NamedIndividual
type: distribution shape code
alternative label: bimodal
definition: The distribution shape code of bimodal describes distributions that have two extrema of high occurences. [Allotrope]

multimodal distribution
type: NamedIndividual
type: distribution shape code
alternative label: multimodal
definition: The distribution shape code of multimodal describes distributions that have several extrema of high occurences. [Allotrope]

broad distribution
type: NamedIndividual
type: distribution shape code
alternative label: broad
definition: The distribution shape code of broad describes distributions that have a wide range of occurences in a large interval. [Allotrope]

Derivative works attribution
type: NamedIndividual
type: RightsStatement
description: These taxonomies contain material or may constitute derivative works of material which may be subject to copyright by one of the following organizations. By using these taxonomies, you agree to the following terms and conditions applicable to its contents: ****************************************************************************** Copyright Notice and Terms for IUPAC Gold Book ______________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © 1998, Regents of the University of California All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. ****************************************************************************** Copyright Notice and Terms for PSI-MS (Proteomics Standards Initiative - Mass Spectrometry) Mass spectrometer output files and spectra interpretati…

Copyright © 2015-2026 Allotrope Foundation
type: NamedIndividual
type: RightsStatement
description: Copyright © 2015-2026 Allotrope Foundation
rights holder: Allotrope Foundation

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License
type: NamedIndividual
type: LicenseDocument
description: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. THESE MATERIALS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ALLOTROPE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Copyright © 2015-2026 Allotrope Foundation
rights holder: Allotrope Foundation

AFM_0000921
AFX_0002796: AFR_0001222
source: Amphoterism
alternative label: amphoteric compound