Allotrope Foundation Taxonomy (AFT) (REC/2026/03)
type: Ontology
imports: curation
imports: bfo-2-0
imports: skos
contributor: Allotrope Foundation
description: Allotrope Foundation Taxonomy of universals
issued: 2026-03-30T12:00:00Z
license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License
license: iupac-license
modified: 2025-12-16T12:00:00Z
publisher: Allotrope Foundation
rights: Derivative works attribution
rights: Copyright © 2015-2026 Allotrope Foundation
rights holder: Allotrope Foundation
feature: Turtle
prior version: aft
version info: REC/2026/03

range
type: Class
subclass of: facet
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A range is an interval of values with a lower and/or upper limit. [Allotrope]

codelist
type: Class
subclass of: registry
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A set of codes in a controlled vocabulary. [Allotrope]

code
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
AFX_0002818: true
source: 2020-12-01 Changed parent to symbol. [Allotrope]
alternative label: categorical value
alternative label: enumeration value
definition: An entry in a list of controlled symbols denoting a classification. [Allotrope]

condition
type: Class
subclass of: proposition
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A condition is an information content entity that is about the portion of reality under which something occurs or is valid. The condition is limited by its scope and may have preconditions. It restricts the possible realizations. [Allotrope]

and condition
type: Class
subclass of: condition
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: and
change note: 2020-01-07 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: An and condition is a collection of conditions that is valid if all condition items of it are valid. [Allotrope]

or condition
type: Class
subclass of: condition
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: or
change note: 2020-01-07 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: An or condition is a collection of conditions that is valid if at least one of its condition items is valid. [Allotrope]

one of condition
type: Class
subclass of: condition
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: exclusive or condition
alternative label: one of
alternative label: xor
alternative label: xor condition
change note: 2020-01-07 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: A one of condition is a collection of conditions that is valid if exactly one of its condition items is valid. [Allotrope]

list
type: Class
subclass of: collection
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: sequence
definition: A list is an ordered collection of items. [Allotrope]

list item
type: Class
subclass of: item
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: item
definition: An entry in a list. [Allotrope]

series
type: Class
subclass of: list
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A series is a list (ordered collection) of literal values. [Allotrope]

series item
type: Class
subclass of: list item
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An individual entry in a series with an index and a numeric value. [Allotrope]

collection
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical object
definition: An aggregation of data items for a purpose. [Allotrope]
note: A collection itself is never an object aggregate, but an abstraction and might be about an object aggregate.

item
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical object
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: element
definition: An item is an individual member of some collection. [Allotrope]
note: The item is not a physical object that is member of an object aggregate, but is an abstraction that might be about such an object.

set
type: Class
subclass of: collection
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A collection where each member is disjoint from another. [Allotrope]

ion source
type: Class
subclass of: device
source: Bernhard Wolf (31 August 1995). Handbook of Ion Sources. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-2502-1.
alternative label: ionization source
definition: A ion source is a device that has the function to produce or provide ions. [Allotrope]
example: ion source of a mass spectrometer

sample passage
type: Class
subclass of: compartment
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A sample passage is the compartment of a device that handles the conveying of samples. [Allotrope]

calorimeter
type: Class
subclass of: measurement device
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A piece of apparatus that is used to measure the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes. [CHMO]

gas chromatograph
type: Class
subclass of: chromatograph
AFX_0002809: CHMO_0002478
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: GC device
alternative label: gas chromatography device
change note: 2019-07-03 Changed alt labels from system to device [Allotrope]
definition: A piece of apparatus, consisting of a gas supply system, an injection or sampling system, a column, detector and a data acquisition/processing system, that is used to carry out chromatographic separations. [CHMO]

well plate
type: Class
subclass of: tray
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: block
alternative label: plate
alternative label: well block
change note: 2020-06-22 Moved under tray. [Allotrope]
change note: 2020-12-10 Added labels. [Allotrope]
definition: A plate is a tray with multiple "wells" used as small test tubes. [Wikipedia]

mass-to-charge analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: separation device
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: mass analyzer
definition: A mass-to-charge analyzer is a separation device that separates ionized masses by their mass to charge ratio. [Allotrope]

barcode reader
type: Class
subclass of: input device
alternative label: barcode scanner
definition: A barcode reader (or barcode scanner) is an electronic device for reading printed barcodes. [Wikipedia]

autosampler
type: Class
subclass of: sampler
AFX_0002808: CHMO_0002579
AFX_0002808: OBI_0000555
alternative label: AS
alternative label: automated sampler
alternative label: autosampler module
definition: A piece of equipment that allows for automated sampling or sample loading. [Allotrope]

electrochemical coulometer
type: Class
subclass of: coulometer
definition: A piece of apparatus, consisting of an electrolytic cell, that is used to determine electric charge by measuring the amount of an element deposited or released at the cathode during a specified time. [Allotrope]

fraction collector
type: Class
subclass of: collecting device
AFX_0002818: true
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: L.S. Ettre, "Nomenclature for Chromatography", Pure & Appl. Chem. 1993, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 819-872
definition: A fraction collector is a collecting device for recovering fractional volumes of the column effluent. [IUPAC]

electromagnetic radiation source
type: Class
subclass of: radiation source
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: EMR source
alternative label: light source
definition: A source of a range of electromagnetic waves. [Allotrope]

flow cell
type: Class
subclass of: measurement chamber
definition: A flow cell is a measurement chamber that allows the sample to flow through. [Allotrope]

optical microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
alternative label: light microscope
definition: An optical microscope is a microscope that is consisting of an eyepiece, an objective lens, object turret, stage, and light source, which collects electromagnetic radiation in the visible range. [CHMO]

channel (communication)
type: Class
subclass of: communication device
alternative label: channel
alternative label: communication channel
definition: A communication channel or channel, refers either to a physical transmission medium such as a wire, or to a logical connection over a multiplexed medium such as a radio channel. A channel is used to convey an information signal, for example a digital bit stream, from one or several senders (or transmitters) to one or several receivers. [Wikipedia]

spectrophotometer
type: Class
subclass of: photometer
AFX_0002818: true
change note: 2018-03-06 Changed definition to Aristotelian form. [Allotrope]
definition: A spectrophotometer is a photometer that measures the intensity of light at each individual wavelength. [Allotrope]

flame ionization detector
type: Class
subclass of: measurement component
AFX_0002809: OBI_0000521
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_ionization_detector
alternative label: FID
definition: A flame ionization detector is a measurement component that measures an analyte in a gas stream through the measurement of ions created via flame ionization. [Allotrope]

chromatography column
type: Class
subclass of: separation device
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: column
definition: A chromatography column is a type of column that contains a stationary phase for chromatographic separation of compounds. [Allotrope]

weighing device
type: Class
subclass of: measurement device
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: weighing instrument
definition: A weighing device is a measurement device for measuring mass by the gravitational force on earth. [Allotrope]

injection device
type: Class
subclass of: transferring device
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: injector
definition: A device that introduces objects into the inside of another object. [Allotrope]

homogenizer
type: Class
subclass of: shaping device
AFX_0002798: true
source: Homogenizer
definition: A homogenizer is a device used for homogenization of various types of material. [Wikipedia]

thermal conductivity detector
type: Class
subclass of: measurement component
AFX_0002809: OBI_0000466
AFX_0002818: true
source: Thermal conductivity detector
alternative label: TCD
change note: 2018-08-09 Moved under measuring device, detection is only secondary. [Allotrope]
change note: 2018-12-20 Changed definition to align with other GC detectors. [Allotrope]
definition: A thermal conductivity detector is a measurement component that measures changes in the thermal conductivity of the column effluent and compares it to a reference flow of carrier gas. [Allotrope]

detector
type: Class
subclass of: device
subclass of: observation device
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Any piece of apparatus used to detect an analyte. [CHMO]

compartment
type: Class
subclass of: device region
definition: A separate enclosed physical section of a device that can contain other devices. [Allotrope]

capillary
type: Class
subclass of: tube
AFX_0002808: OMIT_0027733
definition: A capillary is a tube with a small diameter. [Allotrope]

device
type: Class
subclass of: artifact
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: engineered artifact
definition: A device is an artifact that is designed to perform a function primarily by means of its mechanical or electrical nature. [Allotrope]
note: A device has a designed form or physical structure. This distinguishes a device from a chemical and a biological artifact, that are typical bulk or portions of materials without a designed form. [Allotrope]

refractive index detector
type: Class
subclass of: measurement component
AFX_0002809: CHMO_0002585
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: RI detector
alternative label: refractive-index detector
change note: 2018-08-09 Moved under measuring device, detection is only secondary. [Allotrope]
definition: A piece of apparatus, consisting of a light source, a hollow prism and a photoelectric cell that is used to detect non-ultraviolet-absorbing molecules in a sample separated by chromatography. Light from the sample passes through a flow cell with two channels towards the photoelectric cell. One channel holds the eluent from the column, whereas the other holds a control sample (solvent that has not passed through the column). Detection occurs when the light is bent due to molecules eluting from the column, and this is read as a disparity between the two channels. [CHMO]

electrolytic conductivity detector
type: Class
subclass of: measurement component
AFX_0002809: OBI_0000565
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: ECD
alternative label: Hall electrolytic conductivity detector
change note: 2018-08-09 Moved under measuring device, detection is only secondary. [Allotrope]
definition: A conductivity probe to calculate the conductance value of a material at the selected reference temperature. [Allotrope]

chromatograph
type: Class
subclass of: separation device
AFX_0002809: CHMO_0002477
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A piece of apparatus, consisting of a mobile phase supply system, an injection or sampling system, a column, detector and a data acquisition/processing system, that is used to carry out chromatographic separations. [CHMO]

container
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002808: OBI_0000967
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: vessel
definition: A device that has the function to contain material. [Allotrope]
example: box, can, plate, rack
example: tray, flask, vial

thermometer
type: Class
subclass of: measurement device
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A thermometer is a device that measures temperature or a temperature gradient. [Allotrope]

electrode
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An electrode is an electrically-conducting device that exchanges electrons with an electrolyte as part of an electrical circuit. [Allotrope]

damper
type: Class
subclass of: inhibition device
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A damper is an inhibition device that deadens, restrains, or depresses. [Wikipedia]

pump
type: Class
subclass of: transferring device
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A pump is a device that is used to pump. [CHMO]

temperature controller
type: Class
subclass of: controller
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: temperature control
alternative label: temperature control device
alternative label: thermostat
definition: A device used to control the temperature in a compartment. [Allotrope]

electron capture detector
type: Class
subclass of: measurement component
AFX_0002798: true
AFX_0002809: OBI_0000509
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_capture_detector
alternative label: ECD
definition: An electron capture detector is a measurement component that measures an analyte in a gas stream through the attachment of electrons via electron capture ionization. [Allotrope]

vial rack
type: Class
subclass of: tray
AFX_0002808: NCIT C53438
alternative label: tray
alternative label: vial tray
change note: 2020-06-22 Moved under tray, renamed and updated definition. [Allotrope]
definition: A vial rack is a tray capable of holding multiple vials within a defined layout. [Allotrope]

Raman spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: measurement device
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A Raman spectrometer is a piece of apparatus that allows for the measurement of Raman spectra. It consists of a laser and a detector. [Allotrope]

data acquisition device
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A device to acquire signals or data. [Allotrope]

splitter
type: Class
subclass of: distribution device
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A device used to split a fluid into two component streams. [Allotrope]

fluorescence detector
type: Class
subclass of: measurement component
AFX_0002809: OBI_0000563
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: FLD
change note: 2018-08-09 Moved under measuring device, detection is only secondary. [Allotrope]
definition: A fluorescence detector is a detector that detects material by way of the measurement of the emitted fluorescence light after excitation with light. [Allotrope]

degasser
type: Class
subclass of: separation device
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A degasser is a device to remove gasses from a fluid which could otherwise form bubbles. [Wikipedia]

ion detector
type: Class
subclass of: detector
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: ion collector
definition: A piece of apparatus that produces an output that depends on the number of ions that it encounters. [CHMO]

measurement chamber
type: Class
subclass of: compartment
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: measurement cell
definition: A measurement chamber is a closed space that contains the sample for measurement. [Allotrope]

mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: measurement device
AFX_0002818: true
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: Murray, K., Boyd, R., Eberlin, M., et al. (2013). Definitions of terms relating to mass spectrometry (IUPAC Recommendations 2013). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 85(7), pp. 1515-1609.
definition: A mass spectrometer is a measurement device that measures the m/z values and abundances of gas-phase ions. [IUPAC]

supercritical-fluid chromatograph
type: Class
subclass of: chromatograph
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: SFC device
alternative label: supercritical-fluid chromatography device
change note: 2019-07-03 Changed alt labels from system to device [Allotrope]
definition: A piece of apparatus, consisting of a mobile phase supply system, an injection or sampling system, a column, detector and a data acquisition/processing system, that is used to carry out chromatographic separations where the mobile phase is a fluid above and relatively close to its critical temperature and pressure. [Allotrope]

balance
type: Class
subclass of: weighing device
definition: A balance is a weighing device, intended predominantly for medium to low capacity weighments, with moderate to high resolutions, mostly used indoors. [Allotrope]

tube
type: Class
subclass of: container
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: tubing
definition: A tube, or tubing, is a long hollow cylinder used for moving fluids (liquids or gases) or to protect electrical or optical cables and wires. [Wikipedia]

electronic absorbance detector
type: Class
subclass of: measurement component
AFX_0002818: true
change note: 2018-08-09 Moved under measuring device, detection is only secondary. [Allotrope]
definition: An electronic absorbance detector is a detector that detects material by way of the electronic absorbance of a electromagnetic ray transmitted through the material. [Allotrope]

syringe
type: Class
subclass of: injection device
AFX_0002809: OBI_0000422
definition: A syringe is an injection device that is a simple pump consisting of a plunger that fits tightly in a tube. The plunger can be pulled and pushed along inside a cylindrical tube (called a barrel), allowing the syringe to take in and expel a liquid or gas through an orifice at the open end of the tube. [Wikipedia]

display
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: display device
definition: A display is a device or element of an instrument serving to represent information. [Allotrope]

cooling device
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: chiller
alternative label: cooler
definition: A kind of heat exchanger or radiator designed to remove excess heat. [Wikipedia]

valve
type: Class
subclass of: controller
AFX_0002818: true
change note: 2020-06-18 Move under controller. [Allotrope]
definition: A valve is a plumbing equipment that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. [Wikipedia]

liquid chromatograph
type: Class
subclass of: chromatograph
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: LC device
alternative label: liquid chromatography device
alternative label: low pressure liquid chromatography device
change note: 2019-07-03 Changed alt labels from system to device [Allotrope]
definition: A liquid chromatograph is a system used to perform bioseparation techniques that are based on interactions of the sample with the mobile and stationary phases. [Allotrope]
example: The system consists of a chromatographic separation unit and a computer running the system control software. The system can be operated in a fully automated manner or in manual mode. It consists of different modules, components, and accessories. [Allotrope]

stirrer
type: Class
subclass of: mixer
alternative label: agitator
alternative label: mixer
definition: A stirrer is a mixing device used for stirring something. [Allotrope]

oven
type: Class
subclass of: heating device
alternative label: furnace
alternative label: heater
definition: An oven is a device for heating an enclosed space. [Allotrope]

microscope
type: Class
subclass of: observation device
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A microscope is a device which is used to visually magnify a specimen. [Allotrope]

solvent channel
type: Class
subclass of: coupling device
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: channel
alternative label: line
definition: A solvent channel is a channel where a liquid can flow through. [Allotrope]
example: A quaternary pump has 4 channels.

coulometer
type: Class
subclass of: measurement device
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: voltameter
definition: Any piece of apparatus used to measure electric charge. [CHMO]

titrator
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: automatic burette
definition: A titrator is a device that automates titrations. [Allotrope]

slit
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A long narrow cut or opening. [Allotrope]

device region
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000029
definition: A site that is related to a device. [Allotrope]

bath
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A vessel used for regulating the temperature of something placed within it. [Allotrope]

heating device
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: heater
alternative label: heating equipment
definition: A device used for heating something. [Allotrope]

agitator
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
source: Agitator (device)
definition: An agitator is a device or mechanism to put something into motion. [Wikipedia]

mixer
type: Class
subclass of: connecting device
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: mixing device
definition: A mixer is a device used for mixing. [Allotrope]

jar
type: Class
subclass of: container
AFX_0002808: NCIT C43195
AFX_0002818: true
source: Laboratory glassware
definition: Jars are cylindrical containers with wide openings that may be sealed. [Wikipedia]

photometer
type: Class
subclass of: measurement device
AFX_0002818: true
source: Photometer
definition: A photometer, generally, is an instrument that measures light intensity or optical properties of solutions or surfaces. [Wikipedia]

pan
type: Class
subclass of: container
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A pan is a flat container. [Allotrope]

mass flow controller
type: Class
subclass of: controller
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A mass flow controller is a device that determines the mixture of different materials. [Allotrope]
example: In DVS, the mass flow controller generates the required mixture of dry and saturated gas.

computer
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: desktop computer
definition: A computer is a general-purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem. [Wikipedia]

sampler
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
source: PAC, 1989, 61, 1657 (Nomenclature for automated and mechanised analysis (Recommendations 1989))
alternative label: sampling unit
definition: A sample is a device that function to sample known amounts of material. [Allotrope]

tubing connector
type: Class
subclass of: coupling device
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: connector
definition: A tubing connector is a part used to connect/install tubing, components, and accessories as part of a system flow path configuration. [Allotrope]

visible lamp
type: Class
subclass of: lamp
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A visible lamp is a light source with a visible wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm. [Allotrope]

diode
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
definition: In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance). [Wikipedia]

lamp
type: Class
subclass of: electromagnetic radiation source
AFX_0002818: true
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 2223 (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996))
definition: A lamp is an electromagnetic radiation source of incoherent radiation. [IUPAC]

artifact
type: Class
subclass of: material
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An artifact is a material that is designed and built for a purpose. [Allotrope]

measurement device
type: Class
subclass of: device
subclass of: observation device
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: analyzer
alternative label: instrument
alternative label: measuring apparatus
alternative label: measuring instrument
alternative label: measuring sensor
definition: A device that measures some aspect of reality, such as a quality or the profile of a process. [Allotrope]

controller
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: regulator
definition: A device that has the function to control some quality or process. [Allotrope]

coupling device
type: Class
subclass of: connecting device
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: coupler
change note: 2020-06-18 Moved under connecting device. [Allotrope]
definition: A device that has the function to couple things. [Allotrope]

input device
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
source: Input device
definition: A device that is used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system. [Wikipedia]

separation device
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: separating device
definition: A device that has the function to separate materials. [Allotrope]

transferring device
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A transferring device is a device that is designed to transfer material. [Allotrope]

collecting device
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A collecting device is a device that has the function to collect things. [Allotrope]

measurement component
type: Class
subclass of: measurement device
alternative label: measurement module
definition: A measurement component is a component of a measuring system, that does measuring. [Allotrope]
editorial note: The criteria is compromise. Some measurement components can be fully standalone measurement devices used in a component role, but are not typically used as such. A UV spectrometer is an electromagnetic absorbance measuring instrument and an elecctromagnetic absorbance detector has the same function, but it is used as part of a larger system, such as a HPLC-UV system.

guiding device
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: A guiding device is a device that has the function to direct a flow in a specific direction. [Allotrope]

distribution device
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: A distribution device is a device with the function to distribute a stream into multiple parts. [Allotrope]

clock
type: Class
subclass of: measurement device
source: Clock
alternative label: chronometer
definition: A clock is a measurement device used to measure, keep, and indicate time. [Wikipedia]

bench
type: Class
subclass of: table
alternative label: workbench
definition: A bench is a large table in a workspace or laboratory. [Allotrope]

placement device
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: A placement device is a device that is used to hold or place a material in a defined location. [Allotrope]

table
type: Class
subclass of: placement device
definition: A table is a placement device with a flat top and one or more legs, providing a level surface for placement. [Allotrope]

multimeter
type: Class
subclass of: measurement device
definition: A multimeter is an instrument designed to measure electric current, voltage, and usually resistance, typically over several ranges of value. [Allotrope]

frequency synthesizer
type: Class
subclass of: device
alternative label: frequency generator
definition: A frequency generator is an electrical device which creates a signal at a predetermined frequency. [Allotrope]
example: Frequency generator with a single frequency, or adjustable to any frequency in the range that the generator supports.

nozzle
type: Class
subclass of: transferring device
definition: A nozzle is a transferring device consisting of jet port with an opening for regulating and/or directing the flow of fluid. [Allotrope]

covering device
type: Class
subclass of: coupling device
definition: A covering device is a device that has the function to cover something. [Allotrope]

jacket
type: Class
subclass of: covering device
definition: A jacket is a covering device that is placed around something. [Allotrope]
example: pipe jacket, reactor jacket

connecting device
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: A connecting device is a device that has the function to connect things. [Allotrope]

shaping device
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: A shaping device is a conversion device that alters the shape of some material. [Allotrope]

conversion device
type: Class
subclass of: device
alternative label: converting device
definition: A conversion device is a device that has the function to convert something. [Allotrope]

tray
type: Class
subclass of: container
alternative label: plate
definition: A tray is a shallow, flat container. [Allotrope]

communication device
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: A communication device is a device that has the function to communicate (transport information). [Allotrope]

beamsplitter
type: Class
subclass of: distribution device
source: Beam splitter
definition: A beam splitter is an optical device that splits a beam of light in two. [Wikipedia]

well (plate)
type: Class
subclass of: device region
alternative label: well
definition: A well (plate) is a well located in a well plate. [Allotrope]

observation device
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: An observation device is a device that has the function to observe something. [Allotrope]

radiation source
type: Class
subclass of: device
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A radiation source is a device that produces radiation used in a process. [Allotrope]

aperture
type: Class
subclass of: inhibition device
definition: An aperture is an inhibition device that is a small opening with the function of limiting the passage of matter or energy. [Allotrope]

inhibition device
type: Class
subclass of: device
alternative label: inhibitor
definition: An inhibition device is a device that has the function to inhibit flows (material, energy, information). A part of the flow is passing through the device. [Allotrope]

compression device
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: A compression device is a device that is designed to compress to volume of material by applying force. [Allotrope]

basket
type: Class
subclass of: container
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A basket is a container with a mesh structure used to hold solid objects. [Allotrope]

lens
type: Class
subclass of: guiding device
definition: A lens is a guiding device with the function to converge or focus some radiation. [Allotrope]

condenser lens
type: Class
subclass of: lens
definition: A condenser lens is a lens with the function to converge a radiation beam to a defined beam size. [Allotrope]

disconnecting device
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: A disconnecting device is a device that is designed to disconnect objects. [Allotrope]

disintegration device
type: Class
subclass of: separation device
definition: A disintegration device is a device that is designed to disintegrate objects. [Allotrope]

plate heater
type: Class
subclass of: heating device
definition: A plate heater is a heating device that heats by means of a plate shaped heating element. [Allotrope]

force gauge
type: Class
subclass of: measurement device
definition: A force gauge is a measurement device used to measure forces. [Allotrope]

heater bar
type: Class
subclass of: heating device
definition: A heater bar is a heating device that is long and thin. [Allotrope]

gripping device
type: Class
subclass of: guiding device
definition: A gripping device is a device that takes holds of something firmly or tightly. [Allotrope]

nitrogen-phosphorus detector
type: Class
subclass of: measurement component
AFX_0002809: OBI_0000521
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen%E2%80%93phosphorus_detector
alternative label: NPD
definition: A nitrogen-phosphorus detector is a measurement component that measures an analyte in a gas stream through the measurement of ions via thermal heating over an alkali metal. [Allotrope]

nitrogen chemiluminescence detector
type: Class
subclass of: measurement component
AFX_0002809: OBI_0000521
alternative label: NCD
definition: A nitrogen chemiluminescence detector is a measurement component that measures an analyte in a gas stream through the detection of nitrogen chemiluminescence. [Allotrope]

sulfur chemiluminescence detector
type: Class
subclass of: measurement component
AFX_0002809: OBI_0000521
alternative label: SCD
definition: A sulfur chemiluminescence detector is a measurement component that measures an analyte in a gas stream through the detection of sulfur chemiluminescence when reacting with ozone. [Allotrope]

flame photometric detector
type: Class
subclass of: measurement component
AFX_0002809: OBI_0000521
alternative label: FPD
definition: A flame photometric detector is a measurement component that measures an analyte in a gas stream through the detection of chemiluminescence as a result of ignition. [Allotrope]

evaporative light scattering detector
type: Class
subclass of: detector
AFX_0002809: OBI_0000521
alternative label: ELSD
definition: An evaporative light scattering detector is a detector that detects material by way of the measurement of the scattering of light after nebulization with an inert carrier gas and evaporation of the solvent. [Allotrope]

to equilibrate
type: Class
subclass of: to regulate
alternative label: equilibrating function
alternative label: equilibration function
definition: To equilibrate is a function which is realized in the process of equilibration. [Allotrope]

to calibrate
type: Class
subclass of: to compare
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
definition: To calibrate is a function to establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values of quantities indicated by a measuring instrument, or measuring system, or values represented by a material measure or a reference material, and the corresponding values realized by standards. [IUPAC]

to collect
type: Class
subclass of: to combine
alternative label: adding function
alternative label: collecting function
alternative label: to add
change note: 2019-05-17 Changed pref label to align with process hierarchy. [Allotrope]
definition: Function to add a member to an aggregate or to bring a flow together. [Allotrope]
example: Solar panels collect ultraviolet sun rays to power small mechanisms. [NIST]

to connect
type: Class
subclass of: to combine
alternative label: connecting function
alternative label: connection function
definition: To bring two or more flows (material, energy, signal) together. [NIST]

to consume
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000034
alternative label: consuming function
alternative label: consumption function
definition: The to consume function is a function that is realized in a process where a participant exists at the start of the process but no longer exists at the end of the process. [Allotrope]

to indicate
type: Class
subclass of: to signal
alternative label: indicating function
definition: To make something known to the user about a flow. [NIST]
example: A small window in the water container of a coffee maker indicates the level of water in the machine. [NIST]

to control
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000034
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: controlling function
definition: To alter or govern the size or amplitude of a flow (material, energy, signal). [NIST]

to sense
type: Class
subclass of: to produce
alternative label: observing function
alternative label: sensing function
alternative label: to observe
change note: 2020-07-27 Change hierarchy to align with process. [Allotrope]
definition: To sense is a signaling function that is perceiving or becoming aware, of a flow. [NIST]

to secure
type: Class
subclass of: to support
alternative label: fixing function
alternative label: securing function
alternative label: to fix
definition: To firmly fix a flow path. [NIST]
example: On a bicycling glove, a Velcro strap secures the human hand in the correct place. [NIST]

to transform data
type: Class
subclass of: to convert
alternative label: data processing function
alternative label: data transformation function
alternative label: data transforming function
alternative label: to process data
definition: To submit information to a particular treatment or method having a set number of operations or steps. [NIST]
example: A computer processes a login request signal before allowing a user access to its facilities. [NIST]

to integrate (math)
type: Class
subclass of: to calculate
alternative label: integration function
alternative label: to integrate
definition: A information processing function that generates integrals on numerical data item. [Allotrope]

to calculate
type: Class
subclass of: to transform data
alternative label: calculating function
alternative label: calculation function
definition: To calculate is a data transformation function to solve problems for numbers or quantities. [Allotrope]

to support
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000034
alternative label: supporting function
definition: To firmly fix a material into a defined location, or secure an energy or signal into a specific course. [NIST]

to clean
type: Class
subclass of: to extract
alternative label: cleaning function
definition: The material processing function to get rid of dirt, impurities, or extraneous unwanted matter. [Allotrope]

to inject
type: Class
subclass of: to import
alternative label: injecting function
alternative label: injection function
definition: The function of a device realized when administering a substance applied particularly to the forcible insertion of a liquid or gas by means of a syringe, pump, etc. [OBI]

to count
type: Class
subclass of: to transform data
alternative label: counting function
definition: To count is to observe the quantitative number of discrete things. [Allotrope]

to detect
type: Class
subclass of: to sense
alternative label: detecting function
alternative label: detection function
definition: To discover information about the presence of a flow. [NIST]
example: A gauge on the top of a gas cylinder detects proper pressure ranges. [NIST]

to measure
type: Class
subclass of: to sense
alternative label: measuring function
definition: To determine the magnitude of a flow. [NIST]
example: An analog thermostat measures temperature through a bimetallic strip. [NIST]

to transmit energy
type: Class
subclass of: to transfer
alternative label: energy transfer function
alternative label: to transfer energy
alternative label: to transmit
alternative label: transmitting energy function
definition: To move an energy from one place to another. [NIST]
example: In a hand held power sander, the housing of the sander transmits human force to the object being sanded. [NIST]

to heat
type: Class
subclass of: to increment
alternative label: heating function
definition: A function that gives thermal energy to a recipient. [Allotrope]

to communicate
type: Class
subclass of: to transfer
alternative label: communicating function
alternative label: communication function
definition: To communicate is the function to transferring information from one material entity to another. [Allotrope]

to pump
type: Class
subclass of: to transport
alternative label: pumping function
definition: To pump is to transport fluids by suction or pressure or both. [Allotrope]

to display
type: Class
subclass of: to indicate
alternative label: display function
alternative label: displaying function
definition: To reveal something about a flow to the mind or eye. [NIST]
example: The xyz-coordinate display on a vertical milling machine displays the precise location of the cutting tool. [NIST]

to convert a signal
type: Class
subclass of: to transform data
alternative label: converting a signal function
alternative label: signal conversion function
definition: A signal conversion function is an information processor function which transforms a signal into another type of signal. [OBI]
example: A synapse converts electrical action potentials into an intermediate chemical signal. The post synapse converts it back into an electric one passed on to the axon.
example: an analog-to-digital_converter

to store
type: Class
subclass of: to provision
alternative label: storing function
definition: To accumulate a flow. [NIST]
example: A DC electrical battery stores the energy in a flashlight. [NIST]

to cool
type: Class
subclass of: to decrement
alternative label: cooling function
definition: A function to remove thermal energy. [Allotrope]

to consume energy
type: Class
subclass of: to consume
alternative label: consuming energy function
alternative label: energy consumption function
definition: To consume energy is the function to consume energy. [Allotrope]

to plan
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000034
alternative label: planning function
definition: To plan is the function of creating or modifying a plan specification. [OBI]

to branch
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000034
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: branching function
definition: To cause a flow (material, energy or signal) to no longer be joined or mixed. [NIST]

to separate
type: Class
subclass of: to branch
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: separating function
alternative label: separation function
definition: To isolate a flow (material, energy, signal) into distinct components. The separated components are distinct from the flow before separation, as well as each other. [NIST]
example: A glass prism separates light into different wavelength components to provide a rainbow. [NIST]

to distribute
type: Class
subclass of: to branch
alternative label: distributing function
alternative label: distribution function
definition: To cause a flow (material, energy, signal) to break up. The individual bits are similar to each other and the undistributed flow. [NIST]
example: An atomizer distributes (or sprays) hair-styling liquids over the head to hold ther hair in the desired style. [NIST]

to divide
type: Class
subclass of: to separate
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: dividing function
definition: To separate a flow. [NIST]
example: A vending machine divides the sold form of coins into appropriate denominations. [NIST]

to remove
type: Class
subclass of: to separate
alternative label: removing function
definition: To take away a part of a flow from its prefixed place. [NIST]
example: A sander removes small pieces of the wood surface to smooth the wood. [NIST]

to extract
type: Class
subclass of: to separate
alternative label: extracting function
definition: To draw, or forcibly pullout, a flow. [NIST]
example: A vacuum cleaner extracts depris from the imported mixture and exports clean air to the environment. [NIST]

to sort
type: Class
subclass of: to distribute
alternative label: sorting function
definition: A sort function is a function to distinguish flows based on some associated physical quality or entity and to distribute the separate components into distinct fractions according to a defined order. [Allotrope]

to localize
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000034
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: channeling function
alternative label: localizing function
alternative label: to channel
definition: To cause a flow (material, energy, signal) to move from one location to another location. [NIST]

to export
type: Class
subclass of: to localize
alternative label: exporting function
alternative label: taking function
alternative label: to take
definition: To send a flow (material, energy, signal) outside the system boundary. [NIST]
example: Pouring blended food out of a standard blender pitcher exports liquid from the system. [NIST]

to import
type: Class
subclass of: to localize
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: delivering function
alternative label: importing function
alternative label: to deliver
definition: To bring in a flow (material, energy, signal) from outside the system boundary. [NIST]
example: A physical opening at the top of a blender pitcher imports a solid (food) into the system. [NIST]

to guide
type: Class
subclass of: to localize
alternative label: directing function
alternative label: guiding function
alternative label: to direct
definition: To direct the course of a flow (material, energy, signal) along a specific path. [NIST]

to allow degree of freedom
type: Class
subclass of: to guide
alternative label: allowing DOF function
alternative label: allowing degree of freedom function
alternative label: to allow DOF
definition: To control the movement of a flow by a force external to the device into one or more directions. [NIST]

to rotate
type: Class
subclass of: to guide
alternative label: rotating function
definition: To fix the movement of a flow by a device around one axis. [NIST]

to translate
type: Class
subclass of: to guide
alternative label: translating function
definition: To fix the movement of the flow by a device into one linear direction. [NIST]

to mix
type: Class
subclass of: to connect
alternative label: mixing function
definition: To combine two flows (material, energy, signal) into a single, uniform homogeneous mass. [NIST]
example: A shaker mixes a paint base and its dyes to form a homogeneous liquid. [NIST]

to couple
type: Class
subclass of: to connect
alternative label: coupling function
alternative label: to bring together
definition: To join or bring together flows (material, energy, signal) such that the members are still distinguishable from each other. [NIST]

to link
type: Class
subclass of: to couple
alternative label: coupling function
alternative label: linking function
alternative label: to couple
definition: To couple flows together by means of an intermediary flow. [NIST]
example: A turnbuckle links two endsof a steering cable together. [NIST]

to join
type: Class
subclass of: to couple
alternative label: coupling function
alternative label: joining function
alternative label: to couple
definition: To couple flows together in a predetermined manner. [NIST]
example: A ratchet joins a socket on its square shaft interface. [NIST]

to regulate
type: Class
subclass of: to control
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: adjusting function
alternative label: regulating function
alternative label: to adjust
definition: To adjust the flow of energy, signal, or material in response to a control signal, such as a characteristic of a flow. [NIST]
example: Turning the valves regulates the flow rate of the liquid flowing from a faucet. [NIST]

to actuate
type: Class
subclass of: to control
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: actuating function
alternative label: commencing function
alternative label: to commence
definition: To commence the flow of energy, signal or material in response to an imported control signal. [NIST]
example: A circuit switch actuates the flow of electrical energy and turns on a light bulb. [NIST]

to increase
type: Class
subclass of: to regulate
alternative label: enlarging function
alternative label: increasing function
alternative label: to enlarge
definition: To enlarge a flow in response to a control signal. [NIST]

to decrease
type: Class
subclass of: to regulate
alternative label: decreasing function
alternative label: reducing function
alternative label: to reduce
definition: To reduce a flow in response to a control signal. [NIST]

to change
type: Class
subclass of: to control
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: adjusting function
alternative label: changing function
alternative label: to adjust
definition: To adjust the flow of energy, signal, or material in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST]

to increment
type: Class
subclass of: to change
alternative label: enlarging function
alternative label: incrementing function
alternative label: to enlarge
definition: To enlarge a flow in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST]

to decrement
type: Class
subclass of: to change
alternative label: decrementing function
alternative label: reducing function
alternative label: to reduce
definition: To reduce a flow in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST]

to shape
type: Class
subclass of: to change
alternative label: forming function
alternative label: molding function
alternative label: shaping function
alternative label: to form
alternative label: to mold
definition: To mold or form a flow. [NIST]

to condition
type: Class
subclass of: to change
alternative label: conditioning function
definition: To render a flow appropriate for the desired use. [NIST]
example: To prevent damage to electrial equipment, a surge protector conditions electrical energy by excluding spikes and nose (usually through capacitors) from the energy path. [NIST]

to stop
type: Class
subclass of: to control
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: stopping function
definition: To cease, or prevent, the transfer of a flow (material, energy, signal). [NIST]
example: A reflective coating on a window stops the transmission of UV radiation through a window. [NIST]

to prevent
type: Class
subclass of: to stop
alternative label: preventing function
definition: To keep a flow from happening. [NIST]
example: A submerged gate on a dam wall prevents water from flowing to the other side. [NIST]

to inhibit
type: Class
subclass of: to stop
alternative label: inhibiting function
alternative label: restraining function
alternative label: to restrain
definition: To significantly restrain a flow, though a portion of the flow continues to be transferred. [NIST]
example: The structures of space vehicles inhibits the flow of radiation to protect crew and cargo. [NIST]

to convert
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000034
alternative label: changing function
alternative label: converting function
alternative label: to change
definition: To change from one form of a flow (material, energy, signal) to another. [NIST]
editorial note: For completeness, any type of flow conversion is valid. In practice, conversions such as convert electricity to torque will be more common than convert solid to optical energy. [NIST]
example: An electrical motor converts electricity to rotational energy. [NIST]

to provision
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000034
alternative label: provisioning function
definition: To accumulate or provide a material or energy flow. [NIST]

to signal
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000034
alternative label: signaling function
definition: To provide information on a material, energy or signal flow as an output signal flow. The information providing flow passes through the function unchanged. [NIST]

to contain
type: Class
subclass of: to store
alternative label: containing function
definition: To keep a flow within limits. [NIST]
example: A vacuum bag contains debris vacuumed from a house. [NIST]

to supply
type: Class
subclass of: to provision
alternative label: supplying function
definition: To provide a flow from storage. [NIST]
example: In a flashlight, the battery supplies energy to the bulb. [NIST]

to track
type: Class
subclass of: to indicate
alternative label: tracking function
definition: To observe and record data from a flow. [NIST]
example: By tracking the performance of batteries, the low efficiency point can be determined. [NIST]

to stabilize
type: Class
subclass of: to support
alternative label: stabilization function
definition: To prevent a flow from changing course or location. [NIST]
example: On a typical canister vacuum, the center of gravity is placed at a low elevation to stabilize the vacuum when it is pulled by the hose. [NIST]

to position
type: Class
subclass of: to support
alternative label: placement function
alternative label: positioning function
alternative label: to place
definition: To place a flow (material, energy, signal) into a specific location or orientation. [NIST]
example: The coin slot on a soda machine positions the coin to begin the coin evaluation and transportation procedure. [NIST]

to decompose
type: Class
subclass of: to consume
alternative label: decomposition function
definition: To decompose is the function to breakdown a single phase into two or more phases by heating or treatment with acid, alkali or enzymes. [Allotrope]

to transport
type: Class
subclass of: to transfer
alternative label: material transport function
alternative label: to transfer material
alternative label: transport function
definition: To transport is the function to transfer material. [Allotrope]

to transfer
type: Class
subclass of: to localize
alternative label: conveying function
alternative label: shifting function
alternative label: to convey
alternative label: to shift
alternative label: transferring function
definition: To shift, or convey, a flow (material, energy, signal) from one place to another. [NIST]

to maintain
type: Class
subclass of: to regulate
alternative label: maintaining function
definition: The function to maintain something. [Allotrope]

to combine
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000034
alternative label: combining function
definition: The function to make a whole out of many. [Allotrope]

to produce
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000034
definition: The function to bring something into existence. [Allotrope]
editorial note: Only information can be produced in the strict sense, because of physical conservation laws of energy and material, but this is function is a perspective on a system boundaries in the context. [Allotrope]

to sample
type: Class
subclass of: to branch
alternative label: sampling function
definition: To sample is the function of to take parts or partitions of an object aggregate or data set for the interest for studying it. [Allotrope]

to cover
type: Class
subclass of: to join
alternative label: covering function
definition: To cover is a joining function realized when something is joined to a surface in such way that it is preventing some kind of material or energy flow through that surface. [Allotrope]

to stir
type: Class
subclass of: to mix
definition: To stir is a mixing function involving the agitation of a solution through circular motion. [Allotrope]

to compare
type: Class
subclass of: to produce
alternative label: compare function
definition: To compare is a function to observe or assess the similarities or dissimilarities between two things. [Allotrope]

to dye
type: Class
subclass of: to convert
alternative label: coloring function
alternative label: dyeing function
alternative label: to color
definition: To dye is a function to change the color of some target material. [Allotrope]

to compress
type: Class
subclass of: to decrement
alternative label: compressing function
definition: To compress is the function to decrement the volume of a material by applying a force. [Allotrope]

to disconnect
type: Class
subclass of: to branch
alternative label: disconnection function
definition: To disconnect is a branching function that breaks up the connection between parts of an object so that they become separate. [Allotrope]

to disintegrate
type: Class
subclass of: to separate
alternative label: disintegration function
definition: To disintegrate is a function to change a material so that it breaks down in to smaller pieces of it. [Allotrope]

to grip
type: Class
subclass of: to guide
alternative label: gripping function
definition: To grip is the function to prevent something from moving by holding it using friction or pressure. [Allotrope]

material
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000040
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: matter
definition: A material entity that occupies space and possesses a rest mass. [Allotrope]

cell
type: Class
subclass of: material anatomical entity
AFX_0002809: CL_0000000
AFX_0002809: GO_0005623
definition: A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. [CL]

natural material
type: Class
subclass of: material
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A natural material is any product or physical matter that comes from plants, animals, or the ground. Minerals and the metals that can be extracted from them (without further modification) are also considered to belong into this category. [Wikipedia]

energy
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000040
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Energy must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat the object. It can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed. [Wikipedia]
editorial note: According to the annotations on material entity, energy is considered a material entity in BFO

thermal energy
type: Class
subclass of: energy
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A form of energy that is transferred between bodies as a result of a temperature difference. [NIST]

mechanic translational energy
type: Class
subclass of: energy
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Energy flow generated or required by a translation or virtual translation. [NIST]

chemical energy
type: Class
subclass of: energy
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Work resulting from the reactions by which substances are produced from or converted into other substances. [NIST]
example: A battery converts the flow of chemical energy into electical energy.

electrical energy
type: Class
subclass of: energy
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Work resulting from the flow of electrons from a negative to a positive source. [NIST]

mechanic rotational energy
type: Class
subclass of: energy
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Energy that results from a rotation or a virtual rotation. [NIST]

hydraulic energy
type: Class
subclass of: energy
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Work that results from the movement or force of a liquid, including hydrostatic forces. [NIST]

electromagnetic energy
type: Class
subclass of: energy
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: EMR
alternative label: electro-magnetic energy
alternative label: electro-magnetic radiation
alternative label: electromagnetic radiation
alternative label: radiation energy
definition: Energy that is propagated through free space or through a material medium in the form of electro-magnetic waves. [NIST]

pneumatic energy
type: Class
subclass of: energy
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Work resulting from a compressed gas. [NIST]

X-ray radiation
type: Class
subclass of: electromagnetic energy
AFX_0002818: true
source: X-ray
alternative label: X-ray
definition: A form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers. [Wikipedia]

visible light
type: Class
subclass of: electromagnetic energy
AFX_0002818: true
source: Light
alternative label: light
definition: Electromagnetic radiation which is visible to the human eye and is responsible for the sense of sight. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400-700 nanometers. [Wikipedia]

ultraviolet radiation
type: Class
subclass of: electromagnetic energy
AFX_0002818: true
source: Ultraviolet
alternative label: UV
alternative label: ultraviolet light
definition: An electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm. [Wikipedia]

infrared radiation
type: Class
subclass of: electromagnetic energy
AFX_0002818: true
source: Infrared
alternative label: IR
alternative label: infrared
alternative label: infrared light
definition: Electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light. It extends from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometer, to 1 micrometers. [Wikipedia]

gamma radiation
type: Class
subclass of: electromagnetic energy
AFX_0002818: true
source: Gamma ray
alternative label: gamma ray
alternative label: γ-ray
definition: Electromagnetic radiation of a kind arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei and having wavelengths less than 10 picometers. [Allotrope]

volumetry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Volumetry is a type of quantitative analysis that measures the quantity of a compound by quantifying its volume. [Allotrope]

microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: imaging assay
definition: Microscopy is a imaging assay where a microscope is used to view a small object (or specimen) by producing a magnified image. [CHMO]

Raman spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: scattering spectroscopy
alternative label: Raman scattering spectrometry
alternative label: Raman scattering spectroscopy
alternative label: Raman spectrometry
alternative label: laser Raman spectroscopy
definition: Any type of vibrational spectroscopy where the Raman scattering of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range by a sample is detected. [CHMO]

granulometry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: particle size analysis
alternative label: particle size measurement
alternative label: particle sizing
definition: The measurement of the size distribution in a collection of grains. [CHMO]

optical density measurement
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: O.D. measurement
alternative label: OD measurement
alternative label: optical densiometry
alternative label: optical densitometry
definition: The measurement of the light transmitted through a sample for a given wavelength. [CHMO]

zeta-potential measurement
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: zeta potential analysis
alternative label: zeta potential measurement
alternative label: zeta-potential analysis
alternative label: zeta-potential measurements
alternative label: zeta-potential studies
alternative label: ζ-potential analysis
alternative label: ζ-potential measurement
definition: The measurement of the overall charge a particle acquires in a specific medium. A number of different experimental methods can be used including electrophoretic light scattering and laser Doppler velocimetry. [CHMO]

dissolving
type: Class
subclass of: mixing
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A mixing step where a soluble component is mixed with a liquid component. [CHMO]

flame ionization measurement
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
alternative label: FID
alternative label: flame ionization detection
alternative label: flame ionization process
definition: A flame ionization measurement is a measurement which is sensitive to compounds containing C-H bonds. A flow of carrier gas containing the sample is mixed with H2 and air and ignited. Any positively-charged radicals resulting from this process are collected at a cathode, allowing the current to be measured. [CHMO]

cleaning
type: Class
subclass of: extracting
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: cleansing
alternative label: cleanup
definition: Cleaning is the process of getting rid of dirt, impurities, or extraneous unwanted matter. [Allotrope]

liquid chromatography
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: LC
definition: Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid. [CHMO]

reflectometry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: reflectivity measurement
definition: Any method for determining structure by directing a beam of particles or X-rays onto an extremely flat surface and measuring the intensity of the reflected radiation as a function of angle. [CHMO]

supercritical-fluid chromatography
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: SFC
definition: Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a fluid above and relatively close to its critical temperature and pressure. [CHMO]

vortexing
type: Class
subclass of: mixing
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Vortexing is a process of mixing that creates a vortex in the solution usually using a vortexer. [Allotrope]

porosimetry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
definition: The measurement of the pore diameter, pore-size distribution and total pore volume of a sample. [CHMO]

fraction collection
type: Class
subclass of: collecting
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 1993, 65, 819 (Nomenclature for chromatography (IUPAC Recommendations 1993))
definition: Fraction collection is the collection of fractional volumes of the column effluent. [IUPAC]

spectrophotometry
type: Class
subclass of: electronic spectrometry
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: MAS
alternative label: molecular absorption spectrophotometry
alternative label: molecular electronic absorption spectroscopy
definition: A type of spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation in the range ultraviolet to near-infrared (0.1-2.5 µm) resulting in electronic transitions within the sample. [CHMO]

gas chromatography
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: GC
alternative label: GC run
alternative label: gas chromatography run
definition: Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a gas. [CHMO]
example: An instance of gas chromatography can be a single-injection GC run.

nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectrometry
alternative label: NMR
alternative label: NMR spectrometry
alternative label: NMR spectroscopy
alternative label: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
alternative label: nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry
definition: A type of spectroscopy where the energy states of spin-active nuclei placed in a static magnetic field are interrogated by inducing transitions between the states via radio frequency irradiation. [CHMO]

dilatometry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
definition: The measurement and study of dimensional changes in polymers as a function of temperature, fluid absorption, mechanical stress or chemical reaction. [CHMO]

cellular assay
type: Class
subclass of: biological measurement method
definition: An assay that generates data about the presence, quantity, structure, function, behavior, or activity of cells, or a process that occurs at a cellular level of anatomical granularity (includes subcellular structures and organelles). [VIVO-ISF]

separating
type: Class
subclass of: branching
AFX_0002808: CHMO_0000999
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: separation
definition: A branching process that isolates flows into distinct component flows. The separated components are distinct from the flow before separation, as well as each other. [NIST]

capillary electrophoresis
type: Class
subclass of: electrophoresis
alternative label: CZE
alternative label: capillary zone electrophoresis
definition: A capillary electrophoresis is an electrophoresis which takes place in a capillary. [CHMO]

planning
type: Class
subclass of: specifying
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A process of creating or modifying a plan specification. [OBI]
example: The process of a scientist thinking about and deciding what reagents to use as part of a protocol for an experiment. Note that the scientist could be human or a robot scientist executing software. [OBI]

weighing
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
source: Weight
alternative label: weighment
alternative label: weight check
definition: Weighing is the measuring of weight of an object. Weight related to the amount of force acting on the object, either due to gravity or to a reaction force that holds it in place. [Wikipedia]

peak picking
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Peak picking is a data transformation to convert profile spectral data into centroided spectral data. [Allotrope]

conductometry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: conductimetry
change note: 2020-11-12 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: Conductometry is the measurement of the conductance of a solution as a function of concentration. Measurements are made indirectly across the resistance of the solution with alternating current. [CHMO]

spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: physical characterization assay
AFX_0002818: true
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). Online version (2019-) created by S. J. Chalk. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.
alternative label: spectroscopy
change note: 2024-09-12 Changed definition to align with [IUPAC] instead of [CHMO].
definition: Spectrometry is the measurement of such radiations as a means of obtaining information about the systems and their components. [IUPAC]

degassing
type: Class
subclass of: removing
alternative label: degas
alternative label: degasification
definition: Degassing is a sample preparation process whereby the adsorbed (dissolved) gas is removed from a solid or liquid. [Allotrope]

calorimetry
type: Class
subclass of: thermal analysis
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). Online version (2019-) created by S. J. Chalk. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.
alternative label: enthalpimetric analysis
alternative label: enthalpimetry
change note: 2018-11-01 Changed definition, previous definition: The measurement of thermodynamic parameters (e.g. enthalpy) during a chemical or biochemical reaction. [CHMO]
definition: A measurement in which heat is measured as some chemical reaction or physical process occurs. [IUPAC]

osmometry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: osometry
definition: The measurement of the osmotic strength of a substance which often used to determine its molecular weight. [CHMO]

electrophoresis
type: Class
subclass of: dividing
alternative label: cataphoresis
alternative label: electrophoretic analysis
definition: An electrophoresis is a separation where colloidal particles move at different speeds according to their electrophoretic mobilities in a separation medium, across which an electric field is applied. [CHMO]

loading
type: Class
subclass of: importing
AFX_0002818: true
change note: 2020-06-18 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: Loading is the importing of a material into a new location that contains the material. [Allotrope]
example: The loading step of IEF is the mixing of the sample with the appropriate ampholytes and loading the mixture into the capillary. [Allotrope]

amperometry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: amperometric method
definition: An electrochemical technique where the cell current is measured whilst the potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is controlled. [CHMO]

vibrational spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectrometry
alternative label: vibrational spectroscopic analysis
definition: Vibrational spectroscopy is a spectroscopy which probes the vibrational degrees of freedom of a molecule. [CHMO]

dilution
type: Class
subclass of: mixing
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Dilution is the process of adding a solvent to a solution to lower its concentration. [Allotrope]

annealing
type: Class
subclass of: converting material
definition: A heat treatment that alters the microstructure of a material causing changes in its properties such as strength and hardness. [CHMO]

purification
type: Class
subclass of: removing
definition: A purification is a removing process that is used to physically separate an analyte from byproducts, reagents or contaminating substances. [Allotrope, CHMO]

rheometry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: rheological measurements
alternative label: rheology
definition: The study of the flow of fluids which cannot be defined by a single value of viscosity. Rheometry is the measurement of the relationship between deformation and stress for these liquids. [CHMO]

sorption-desorption measurements
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: adsorption-desorption
alternative label: adsorption/desorption
alternative label: sorption-desorption
alternative label: sorption/desorption
definition: A method for determining surface area by measuring the amount of an inert gaseous or liquid substance (the 'sorbent', usually H2 or N2) which adsorbs onto the surface of interest (the 'sorbate'), and the subsequent amount that desorbs at a constant temperature. Regression analysis is then applied to the data, resulting in an isotherm. [CHMO]

gravimetry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
source: Gravimetry
alternative label: gravimetric mass measurement
definition: Gravimetry is the measurement of the strength of a gravitational field. [Wikipedia]

voltammetry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: voltammetric method
definition: An electrochemical technique where the cell current is measured as a function of time and as a function of the potential between the indicator and reference electrodes. [CHMO]

detecting
type: Class
subclass of: observing
AFX_0002818: true
source: 3.9.html
alternative label: detection
change note: 2018-08-09 Changed definition, removed alt label detection method. [Allotrope]
definition: Detecting is observing the presence of an entity. This occurs when a threshold value of a quantity (quality, disposition, process property) is exceeded. [Allotrope]

integration
type: Class
subclass of: calculation
AFX_0002818: true
definition: The method used to obtain the integral of a function or curve. [Allotrope]

peak separation
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: peak resolution method
alternative label: peak separation method
alternative label: resolution measurement method
definition: Peak separation is a data transformation that allows to distinguish between two peaks. [Allotrope]

removing data
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Removing data is a data transformation that removes parts from an aggregate of data. [Allotrope]

Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: Raman spectroscopy
alternative label: FT Raman spectrometry
alternative label: FT Raman spectroscopy
alternative label: FT-Raman
alternative label: Fourier transform Raman spectrometry
alternative label: Fourier-transform Raman spectrometry
alternative label: Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy
definition: Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the Raman scattering of light by a sample is detected and the spectrum is subject to a Fourier transform. [CHMO]

electron capture measurement
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_capture_detector#Gas_chromatograph_detector
alternative label: ECD
alternative label: electron capture detection
alternative label: electron capture dissociation
definition: Electron capture measurement is a measurement that is sensitive to electronegative compounds (e.g. halogenated compounds). A beta-particle emitter (e.g. 63Ni) is used to produce an electron beam, which is passed between two electrodes. As the sample is passed through the e-beam, organic functional groups interact with the electrons, interrupting the current. [Allotrope, CHMO]

blood measurement method
type: Class
subclass of: clinical measurement method
definition: A measurement of the blood, it's contents, cells or other factors contained within the blood. [CMO]

biological measurement method
type: Class
subclass of: assay
definition: The determination of the relative strength of a substance (e.g., a drug or hormone or toxicant) by comparing its effect on a test organism with that of a standard preparation. [Wikipedia]

polarimetry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: optical rotation measurement
change note: 2020-11-12 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: Polarimetry is a measurement of the extent to which a sample interacts with polarized electromagnetic radiation by transmission, reflection, refraction, or diffraction. [CHMO]

mixing
type: Class
subclass of: connecting
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: mixing material
definition: The combining of components, particles or layers into a more homogeneous state. The mixing may be achieved manually or mechanically by shifting the material with stirrers or pumps or by revolving or shaking the container. The process must not permit segregation of particles of different size or properties. Homogeneity may be considered to have been achieved in a practical sense when the sampling error of the processed portion is negligible compared to the total error of the measurement system. [CHMO]

quantitative analysis assay
type: Class
subclass of: analysis assay
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 1995, 67, 1699 (Nomenclature in evaluation of analytical methods including detection and quantification capabilities (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)) on page 1701
alternative label: quantitative analysis
alternative label: quantitative determination method
definition: A measurement method which obtains the concentration or quantity of a specified substance in an analyte. [CHMO]
note: Analyses in which the amount or concentration of an analyte may be determined (estimated) and expressed as a numerical value in appropriate units. Qualitative analysis may take place without quantitative analysis, but quantitative analysis requires the identification (qualification) of the analytes for which numerical estimates are given. [IUPAC]

liquid-solid chromatography
type: Class
subclass of: liquid chromatography
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: LSC
definition: Column chromatography where the mobile phase is a liquid and the stationary phase is a solid. [CHMO]

charge transport measurement
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Any technique for measuring charge transport. [CHMO]

magnetometry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: magnetic susceptibility measurements
definition: The measurement of the strength and/or direction of magnetic fields, or the magnetic susceptibility of a sample. [CHMO]

sampling material
type: Class
subclass of: sampling
alternative label: sample taking
alternative label: sampling
definition: Sampling material is sampling of a material of interest for studying. [Allotrope]
editorial note: sampling can be both separating or partitioning or a combination of it
example: pulling a small sample outside a bioreactor

chromatography
type: Class
subclass of: dividing
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A chromatography is a separation where the components are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary, while the other moves in a definite direction. [CHMO]

synthesis
type: Class
subclass of: producing
change note: 2019-09-20 Changed subclassing. [Allotrope]
definition: Synthesis is a planned material process that combines, changes or converts material to produce a new material. [Allotrope]

electroporation
type: Class
subclass of: transferring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: electropermeabilization
definition: A method for introducing polar molecules into a host cell through the cell membrane. A large electric pulse (300-400 mV for <1 ms) temporarily disturbs the phospholipid bilayer, allowing molecules like DNA to pass into the cell. [CHMO]

optical microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: microscopy
alternative label: OM
alternative label: light microscopy
definition: A type of microscopy where the specimen is illuminated with visible light and a system of lenses is used to produce an image. [CHMO]

formulation process
type: Class
subclass of: synthesis
alternative label: formulation
definition: The process of formulation allows the preparation of mixtures of components in accordance with a formula and documents the composition. [Allotrope]

mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: spectrometry
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: Murray, K., Boyd, R., Eberlin, M., et al. (2013). Definitions of terms relating to mass spectrometry (IUPAC Recommendations 2013). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 85(7), pp. 1515-1609.
alternative label: MS
alternative label: mass spectroscopy
definition: Mass spectrometry is a spectrometry that studies matter through the formation of gas-phase ions that are characterized using mass spectrometers by their mass, charge, structure, and/or physico-chemical properties. [IUPAC]
note: Mass spectroscopy is an obsolete synonym for mass spectrometry that should not be used to avoid confusion with spectroscopies in which the measured quantity is the absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation. [IUPAC]
note: The term is a misnomer because it is m/z rather than mass that is the independent variable in a mass spectrum. [IUPAC]

physical blending
type: Class
subclass of: mixing
AFX_0002818: true
definition: The process of making a polymer blend by mechanically mixing different polymers together in the melt. [CHMO]

scattering spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectrometry
definition: Any method that measures the amount of light that a substance scatters at certain wavelengths, incident angles, and polarization angles. [CHMO]

cooling
type: Class
subclass of: decrementing
definition: The transfer of thermal energy from a material to its surrounding environment. [CHMO]

differentiation
type: Class
subclass of: calculation
AFX_0002818: true
definition: The method to obtain the derivative of a function or curve. [Allotrope]

filtration
type: Class
subclass of: extracting
definition: The process of segregation of phases; the separation of suspended solids from a liquid or gas, usually by forcing a carrier gas or liquid through a porous medium. [CHMO]

liquid-liquid chromatography
type: Class
subclass of: liquid chromatography
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: LLC
definition: Column chromatography where both the mobile phase and the stationary phase are liquids. The stationary phase must be immiscible and insoluble in the mobile phase and is usually supported on a suitable material such as a diatomaceous earth. [CHMO]

equilibration
type: Class
subclass of: changing
definition: Equilibration is the process of bring the state of a system to an equilibrium. [Allotrope]

assembling
type: Class
subclass of: joining
alternative label: assembly
definition: The process of fitting device components together to form a system. [Allotrope]

piece counting
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Piece counting is determining the number of objects in an object aggregate. [Allotrope]

homogenization
type: Class
subclass of: mixing
AFX_0002818: true
definition: The intensive mixing of mutually insoluble phases (sometimes with addition of surfactants) to obtain a soluble suspension or emulsion. [CHMO]

dielectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
definition: The measurement of the relative permittivity of a solution as a function of concentration. Measurements are made indirectly across the resistance of the solution with alternating current. [CHMO]

electronic spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: spectrometry
AFX_0002818: true
change note: 2024-09-12 Changed prefLabel for consistent usage of -metry vs -scopy.
definition: Any spectroscopic method which probes the electronic degrees of freedom of an atom or molecule. [CHMO]

Fourier transform near infrared absorption spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: near infrared absorption spectroscopy
alternative label: FT NIRS
alternative label: FT-NIRS
alternative label: FTNIRS
alternative label: Fourier transform near infra-red absorbance spectrometry
alternative label: Fourier transform near infra-red absorption spectrometry
alternative label: Fourier transform near infra-red spectrometry
alternative label: Fourier transform near infra-red spectroscopy
alternative label: Fourier transform near infrared absorbance spectrometry
alternative label: Fourier transform near infrared absorbance spectroscopy
alternative label: Fourier transform near infrared absorption spectroscopy
definition: A type of spectroscopy where the sample absorbs a single pulse of radiation from the near infrared region (0.8-2 µm) and the spectrum obtained is subject to a Fourier transform. [CHMO]

densitometry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: densiometric measurements
alternative label: densiometry
alternative label: densitometric measurements
definition: The measurement of the density of a sample. [CHMO]

stirring
type: Class
subclass of: mixing
AFX_0002818: true
change note: 2020-06-18 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: Stirring is a mixing involving the agitation of a solution through circular motion. [Allotrope]

rinsing
type: Class
subclass of: washing
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: flushing
alternative label: purging
definition: Rinsing is the process of washing quickly a device with a solution. [Allotrope]

Fourier transformation
type: Class
subclass of: calculation
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: fourier transformation
definition: The Fourier transformation decomposes a function of time (e.g. a signal) into the frequencies that make it up. [Wikipedia]

Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: infrared absorption spectroscopy
alternative label: FT-IR
alternative label: FT-IR spectroscopy
alternative label: FTIR
alternative label: FTIR spectrometry
alternative label: FTIR spectroscopy
alternative label: Fourier transform infra-red absorption spectroscopy
alternative label: Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry
alternative label: Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)
alternative label: Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy
alternative label: Fourier transform infrared spectrometry
alternative label: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
alternative label: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy
definition: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation from the infrared region (0.78-1000 µm) and the spectrum obtained is subject to a Fourier transform. [CHMO]

imaging assay
type: Class
subclass of: physical characterization assay
definition: An imaging assay is a physical characterization assay to produce a picture of an entity. [CHMO]

aspirating
type: Class
subclass of: transferring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: aspiration
definition: Aspirating is the process of sample preparation that is to draw an amount of a liquid by suction and then expel the liquid. [Allotrope]

pH measurement
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: measurement of pH
alternative label: pH sensing
alternative label: sensing of pH
definition: The measurement of pH is the negative logarithm to base ten of the hydrogen ion activity in a solution, this measures the degree of acidity or alkalinity. Operationally the pH of a solution X, pH(X), is measured relative to that of a standard reference solution, pH(S), and defined as pH(X) = pH(S) - (E(X) - E(S))/(RT/F)ln 10, where E(X) and E(S) are the electromotive forces measured in cells containing the solution X and the reference solution respectively. [CHMO]

drying
type: Class
subclass of: removing
alternative label: sample drying
definition: The process of removing a solvent from a substance. [CHMO]

washing
type: Class
subclass of: cleaning
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Washing is a process by which a material entity acting as contaminant (e.g. excess staining reagent) is removed by application of one or more cycles of solution in flow. [CHMO]

luminescence measurement
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: luminescence detection
change note: 2018-08-09 Changed definition and pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: The measurement of luminescence from a material. [Allotrope]

titration
type: Class
subclass of: quantitative analysis assay
alternative label: titrimetic analysis
alternative label: titrimetry
definition: Titration is the process of determining the quantity of a sample by adding measured increments of a titrant until the end-point, at which essentially all of the sample has reacted, is reached. [CHMO]

scanning calorimetry
type: Class
subclass of: calorimetry
definition: The measurement of thermodynamic parameters (e.g. enthalpy) during a chemical or biochemical reaction by the known variation (step-wise or linear) of one variable, whilst a second is kept constant. [CHMO]

priming
type: Class
subclass of: cleaning
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Priming is a type of cleaning that happens at the beginning of a period of time and results in the device being filled with the appropriate reagents. [Allotrope]
example: prime of a cell counter analyzer at the beginning of a day

inverting
type: Class
subclass of: mixing
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Inverting is a sample preparation step of mixing. It is homogenization by switching the y-axis of a sample several times, turning it upside down using a syringe. [Allotrope]

coulometry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An electrochemical technique where the total Coulombs of electricity required to complete (fully oxidize or fully reduce the sample in) an electrochemical reaction is measured. [CHMO]

coating
type: Class
subclass of: covering
alternative label: coating method
definition: The application of a thin cover to a material. [CHMO]

ionization
type: Class
subclass of: converting material
source: Ionization
alternative label: ionization method
definition: Ionization is a converting chemical reaction by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. [Wikipedia]

trending
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: monitor
alternative label: trend analysis
definition: Trending is a process of monitoring that consists of collecting information and identifying underlying patterns. [Allotrope]

infrared absorption spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: vibrational spectroscopy
alternative label: IR
alternative label: IR absorption spectrometry
alternative label: IR absorption spectroscopy
alternative label: IR spectrometry
alternative label: IR spectrophotometry
alternative label: IR spectroscopy
alternative label: infra-red absorption spectrometry
alternative label: infra-red absorption spectroscopy
alternative label: infra-red spectrometry
alternative label: infra-red spectrophotometry
alternative label: infrared (IR) spectroscopy
alternative label: infrared absorption spectrometry
alternative label: infrared spectrometry
alternative label: infrared spectrophotometry
alternative label: infrared spectroscopy
definition: Infrared absorption spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation from the infrared region. [CHMO]

interferometry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: laser interferometry
alternative label: optical interferometry
definition: The measurement of the properties of two or more lasers or waves by studying the pattern of interference created by their superposition. [CHMO]

tensiometry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: surface tensiometry
definition: The measurement of the surface tension of a liquid. [CHMO]

differential scanning calorimetry
type: Class
subclass of: scanning calorimetry
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). Online version (2019-) created by S. J. Chalk. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.
source: Nomenclature for thermal analysis - IV (Recommendations 1985), Mackenzie, R.C., Pure and Applied Chemistry 1985, 57(11), 1737
alternative label: DSC
alternative label: differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis
alternative label: differential scanning calorimetric analysis
definition: Differential scanning calorimetry is a thermal analysis method in which the difference in energy inputs into a substance and a reference material is measured as a function of temperature whilst the substance and reference material are subjected to a controlled temperature program. [IUPAC]

viscometry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
definition: The measurement of the viscosity of fluids by observing the relative motion of the fluid and an object. Viscometry is used to measure the molecular weight of polymers. [CHMO]

concentrating
type: Class
subclass of: incrementing
alternative label: preconcentration
definition: A preparative step where the concentration of one component is increased. [CHMO]

electronic absorbance measurement
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: electronic absorbance measuring
alternative label: electronic absorption detection
definition: Electronic absorption measurement is a measurement that is based on the absorption of energy by electronic transitions. [Allotrope]
editorial note: Detecting has some overlap with measuring. Usually measuring is the way detecting works, but detection as response from a sensor without quantitation is also possible. [Allotrope]

passaging
type: Class
subclass of: transferring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: subculturing
definition: In biology, a subculture is a new cell or microbiological culture made by transferring some or all cells from a previous culture to fresh growth medium. This action is called subculturing or passaging the cells. Subculture is used to prolong the life and/or expand the number of cells or microorganisms in the culture. [Wikipedia]

thermal conductivity measurement
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: TCD
alternative label: thermal conductivity detection
alternative label: thermal conductivity measuring
change note: 2018-08-09 Moved under measurement, and changed pref label [Allotrope]
definition: A measuring that is sensitive to inorganic gases. A hot (450 deg. C) filament is used to heat a carrier gas containing the sample and the difference in thermal conductivity caused by the presence of the sample is measured. [CHMO]

clinical measurement method
type: Class
subclass of: physical characterization assay
alternative label: clinical measurement
definition: A quantitative or qualitative value which is the result of an act of assessing a morphological or physiological state or property in a single individual or sample or a group of individuals or samples, based on direct observation or experimental manipulation. [CMO]

oximetry
type: Class
subclass of: quantitative analysis assay
definition: Any technique used to measure the levels of oxygen in a sample. [CHMO]

refractive index measurement
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: RI detection
alternative label: RID
alternative label: refractive index detection
alternative label: refractive index measuring
change note: 2018-08-09 Moved under measurement, and changed pref label [Allotrope]
change note: 2020-11-12 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: A refractive index measurement is a measuring based on the change in refractive index of a solution. Light is passed through a hollow prism and focused on a photocell. When a liquid containing the sample is allowed to flow through the prism, the light diverges from its original path and the change in intensity and angle of the transmitted light is measured. [CHMO]

infrared transmission spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: vibrational spectroscopy
alternative label: IR transmission spectroscopy
alternative label: IR transmittance spectroscopy
alternative label: infrared transmittance spectroscopy
alternative label: transmission IR
definition: Infrared transmission spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the transmission of infrared radiation (0.78-1000 µm) through a sample is detected. [CHMO]

sonication
type: Class
subclass of: importing
AFX_0002818: true
definition: The irradiation of a liquid sample with sound (20-20 000 Hz) waves resulting in agitation. Sound waves propagate into the liquid media result in alternating high-pressure (compression) and low-pressure (rarefaction) cycles. During rarefaction, high-intensity sonic waves create small vacuum bubbles or voids in the liquid, which then collapse violently (cavitation) during compression, creating very high local temperatures. [CHMO]

measuring
type: Class
subclass of: observing
AFX_0002818: true
source: 2.1.html
alternative label: measurement
change note: 2018-08-09 Changed definition [Allotrope]
definition: Measuring is observing a property of an entity called a quantity, that has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference to another entity, and obtaining one or more quantity values for it. The observed entity is a quality or a disposition for a continuant, for a process it is a process property such as duration. [Allotrope]

data apodization
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: data massaging
definition: A term used meaning the processing and manipulation of the spectral data produced for the purposes of improving spectral appearance, change the signal to noise ratio (S/N), or resolution. The term is often collectively used in conjunction with line broadening, sharpening, averaging, smoothing. [Allotrope]

colorimetry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: colorimetric method
alternative label: colourimetry
definition: The determination of the spectral absorbance of a solution. This method is often used to determine the concentration of a chemical in a solution. [CHMO]

thermal analysis
type: Class
subclass of: physical characterization assay
alternative label: thermal analysis method
definition: Thermal analysis is any measurement technique in which a physical property of the sample is measured as a function of temperature. [CHMO]

calibration
type: Class
subclass of: comparing
source: Calibration
source: JCGM 200:2008 International vocabulary of metrology — Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM)
definition: Calibration is the comparison of measurement values delivered by a device under test with those of a calibration standard of known accuracy. [Wikipedia]

pipeting
type: Class
subclass of: dispensing
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Pipeting transfers a given amount of liquid solution using a pipette, dropper or pipettor. [Allotrope]

near infrared absorption spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: vibrational spectroscopy
alternative label: NIR absorbance spectrometry
alternative label: NIR absorbance spectroscopy
alternative label: NIRS
alternative label: near infra-red absorbance spectrometry
alternative label: near infra-red absorbance spectroscopy
alternative label: near infra-red absorption spectrometry
alternative label: near infra-red spectrometry
alternative label: near infrared absorbance spectrometry
alternative label: near infrared absorbance spectroscopy
alternative label: near infrared absorption spectrometry
alternative label: near infrared spectrometry
alternative label: near infrared spectroscopy
alternative label: near-infrared absorption spectroscopy
definition: Near infrared absorption spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the sample absorbs radiation from the near infrared region (0.8-2 µm). [CHMO]

velocimetry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
definition: The measurement of the velocity of a moving object or medium. [CHMO]

ion detection
type: Class
subclass of: detecting
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Ion detection is detecting the presence of ions. [Allotrope]

mass analysis
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: IUPAC. Analytical Division. Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature (the Orange Book). Definitive Rules, 1979
source: IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A.Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997).
source: K. K. Murray, R. K. Boyd, M. N. Eberlin, G. J. Langley, L. Li and Y. Naito, Pure Appl. Chem., 2013, 85, 1515-1609
definition: Mass analysis is a measuring process by which a mixture of ionic or neutral species is identified according to their m/z values (ions), or their aggregate atomic masses (neutrals), and their relative abundances. The analysis may be qualitative and/or quantitative. [IUPAC]

hardness test
type: Class
subclass of: material test
alternative label: tablet hardness testing
definition: Tablet hardness testing is a laboratory technique used by the pharmaceutical industry to test the breaking point and structural integrity of a tablet under conditions of storage, transportation, and handling before usage. [Wikipedia]
note: Tablet hardness is a measure of robustness to further processing such as film coating. [Allotrope]

vapor generation
type: Class
subclass of: converting material
definition: The producing of vapor. [Allotrope]

assay
type: Class
subclass of: producing
AFX_0002808: SIO_001007
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: analysis
change note: 2020-03-23 Changed alt labels. [Allotrope]
definition: A planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluand, by physically examining it or its proxies. [OBI]

dedusting
type: Class
subclass of: cleaning
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Dedusting is the process of removal of dust. [Allotrope]

fingerprinting
type: Class
subclass of: comparing
definition: Fingerprinting is the process of comparison or overlay of measured spectra with existing reference spectra. [Allotrope]

t-test
type: Class
subclass of: test
definition: The t-test is a process of quantifying the closeness of two sets of data points. It is defined as the ratio of the difference between the means of the two sets divided by the standard error of the difference. [Allotrope]

closed loop vapor generation
type: Class
subclass of: vapor generation
alternative label: closed loop
definition: The closed loop uses feedback control for the regulation of the vapor generation. The system continuously detects deviations from the target partial pressure and adjusts the vapor generation correspondingly. [Allotrope]

sieve analysis
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Sieve analysis is a process of particle sizing by filtering particles according to their size through sieves with decreasing pore size. [Allotrope]

particle sizing
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: particle size analysis
alternative label: particle size measurement
definition: Particle sizing is an experimental method for the investigation of particle sizes in a sample. [Allotrope]

disintegration test
type: Class
subclass of: test
definition: A disintegration test is a test to check the time that an object needs to disintegrate. [Allotrope]

tube breeding
type: Class
subclass of: cleaning
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Tube breeding is a process of cleaning vacuum tubes in order to remove any impurities. [Allotrope]

fluorimetry
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: fluorescence assay
alternative label: fluorescence detection
alternative label: fluorescence measurement
change note: 2018-12-11 Changed labels [Allotrope]
definition: An assay in which a materials fluorescence is determined. [VIVO-ISF]

packing
type: Class
subclass of: transferring
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Packing is the process of transferring an object into a container as a densely packed phase. [Allotrope]
example: packing a column with the solid phase
example: packing a sample into a ssNMR rotor

concentration measurement
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An concentration measurement is the determination of the concentration of a compound in solution. [Allotrope]
example: protein concentration measurement
example: quick slope, linearity measurement, UV measurement in which the cell pathlength is varied. [Allotrope].
example: simple read, i.e. simple measurement at a defined wavelength

test
type: Class
subclass of: producing
definition: A test can be considered a technical operation or procedure that consists of determination of one or more characteristics of a given product, process or service according to a specified procedure. Often a test is part of an experiment. The test result can be qualitative (yes/no), categorical, or quantitative (a measured value). It can be a personal observation or the output of a precision measuring instrument. [Wikipedia]

compression
type: Class
subclass of: decrementing
definition: Compression is the act of reducing volume by applying a force. [Allotrope]
example: In the case of tablets it is the act of forming a solid plug from individual powder / granule components.

quantification
type: Class
subclass of: producing
alternative label: quantitation
definition: In mathematics and empirical science, quantification (or quantitation) is the act of counting and measuring that maps human sense observations and experiences into members of some set of numbers. [Wikipedia]

data acquisition
type: Class
subclass of: collecting
definition: Data acquisition is the process of sampling signals that measure real world physical conditions and converting the resulting samples into digital numeric values that can be manipulated by a computer. [Wikipedia]

structure determination
type: Class
subclass of: specifying
AFX_0002818: true
source: Chemical structure
definition: A chemical structure determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid. [Wikipedia]

quality process profile
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000144
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: quality profile
definition: A quality process profile is a process profile that covers the change of a quality of an independent continuant that is participant of the profiles process. [Allotrope]
editorial note: suggested by Barry Smith, see comments on process profile

calculation
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: computation
alternative label: computing
definition: A calculation is a process by which a data transformation technique that involves problem solving for numbers or quantities is performed. [Allotrope]

drawing
type: Class
subclass of: taking
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Drawing is the process by which an object or liquid is extracted from a container or receptacle. [Allotrope]

end
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000035
AFX_0002818: true
definition: The process boundary when the process ends. [Allotrope]

peak analysis
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A peak analysis is a data transformation on a peak that analyzes peak facets. [Allotrope]

ratio calculation
type: Class
subclass of: calculation
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A ratio calculation is the process of performing the mathematical exercise of dividing a quotient of one quantity by another quotient to demonstrate the quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other. [Allotrope]

specifying
type: Class
subclass of: producing
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Specifying is a process that produces an information object which describes constraints or objectives on characteristics like qualities, functions, dispositions, facets of continuants or processes. [Allotrope]

observing
type: Class
subclass of: producing
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: observation
alternative label: sensing
definition: Observation is the active acquisition of information from a primary source. In living beings, observation employs the senses. [Wikipedia]

containing state
type: Class
subclass of: storing state
alternative label: being contained
definition: The state of keeping a flow within spatial limits. [Allotrope]
example: A vacuum bag contains debris vacuumed from a house. [NIST]

transferring
type: Class
subclass of: localizing
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: deliver
alternative label: transmitting
definition: Transferring is channeling a flow (material, energy, signal) from one place to another. [NIST]

communicating
type: Class
subclass of: transferring
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: transferring signal
alternative label: transmitting signal
definition: Communicating is transferring information from one material entity to another. This can be by way of a material or energy connecting the entity or by transporting the material bearing the information between the locations. [Allotrope]

producing
type: Class
subclass of: activity
AFX_0002808: SIO_000588
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: creating
alternative label: creation
alternative label: production
definition: A process where some new material entity or information content entity does not exists at the start of the process but is existing at the end by way of the process. [Allotrope]
note: Producing is dependent on the granularity and perspective. Many producing processes are converting processes in a different granulary or perspective.

consuming
type: Class
subclass of: activity
alternative label: consumption
definition: A process where a essential material entity participant ceases to exist at the end and it was existing at the start. [Allotrope]
editorial note: needs FOL for full axiomization

consuming energy
type: Class
subclass of: consuming
alternative label: collecting energy
alternative label: energy consumption
definition: Consuming energy is a consuming that consumes energy. [Allotrope]

producing energy
type: Class
subclass of: producing
alternative label: energy production
definition: Producing energy is the producing of energy (from an unspecified energy source). [Allotrope]
editorial note: This is a black box perspective on the process only focussing on the energy flow out of the system. Within the system, this is a conversion process because of the physical laws of conservation. [Allotrope]

recording
type: Class
subclass of: converting
definition: The process of copying the information in a signal into a persistent information bearer. [Allotrope]

start
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000035
definition: The process boundary when the process starts. [Allotrope]

selecting
type: Class
subclass of: partitioning
alternative label: material selection
definition: The partitioning of some object aggregate. [Allotrope]
editorial note: Selection does not necessarily involve physical separation.

referencing
type: Class
subclass of: activity
definition: Referencing is the process of mentioning or referring to an entity by using a denotation of the entity. [Allotrope]

maintaining
type: Class
subclass of: regulating
alternative label: material maintenance
definition: Maintaining is a regulating process that keeps some or all of the characteristics of a material over time within a specification. [Allotrope]

branching
type: Class
subclass of: mereotopological process
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: disconnecting
definition: The process of causing a flow to no longer be topologically connected. [NIST]
editorial note: 1 input flow to n output flows
editorial note: For data flows, branching does not mean that the input flow fully ceases to exist. [Allotrope]

dividing
type: Class
subclass of: separating
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: partioning
alternative label: portioning
alternative label: splitting
definition: Dividing is a separating of flows focused on all parts of the flow. [Allotrope]

extracting
type: Class
subclass of: separating
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Separating by drawing, or forcibly pulling out, a flow that is of a different kind than that of the input flow. [Allotrope, NIST]
example: A vacuum cleaner extracts debris from the imported mixture and exports clean air to the environment. [NIST]

localizing
type: Class
subclass of: activity
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: channeling
alternative label: localization
alternative label: spatial process
definition: A processing that affects the spatial location or orientation of some participants. [Allotrope]

importing
type: Class
subclass of: localizing
AFX_0002818: true
change note: 2020-06-18 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: Importing is a localization that brings in a flow (material, energy, signal) from outside of a boundary to the inside. [Allotrope, NIST]

exporting
type: Class
subclass of: localizing
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Exporting is a channeling that sends a flow (material, energy, signal) from inside of a boundary to the outside. [Allotrope, NIST]

guiding
type: Class
subclass of: localizing
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: directing the course
definition: Guiding is directing the course of a flow (material, energy, signal) along a specific path. [Allotrope, NIST]

connecting
type: Class
subclass of: combining
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Connecting is bringing two or more topological flows into connection. [Allotrope, NIST]
editorial note: n input flows to 1 output flow

coupling
type: Class
subclass of: connecting
definition: Coupling is connecting together material such that the members are still distinguishable from each other. [NIST]

joining
type: Class
subclass of: coupling
definition: Joining is the direct coupling of flows without any intermediary flow. [Allotrope]

linking
type: Class
subclass of: coupling
definition: Linking is coupling flows together by means of an intermediary flow. [NIST]

controlling
type: Class
subclass of: activity
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Controlling is changing or regulating a flow in its magnitude. [NIST, Allotrope]

actuating
type: Class
subclass of: controlling
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: activating
alternative label: starting
alternative label: switching on
alternative label: turning on
definition: Actuating is the process of commencing the flow of energy, signal, or material in response to an imported control signal. [NIST]

regulating material
type: Class
subclass of: regulating
AFX_0002798: true
definition: Regulating material is adjusting a quality of material in response to a control signal. [Allotrope]
example: regulating the temperature

shaping
type: Class
subclass of: changing
alternative label: forming
alternative label: molding
definition: Shaping is changing the material in regard to spatial form. [Allotrope]

decrementing
type: Class
subclass of: changing
alternative label: decrementing magnitude
definition: Decrementing is reducing the magnitude of a quality in a predetermined and fixed manner. [Allotrope]

incrementing
type: Class
subclass of: changing
alternative label: incrementing magnitude
definition: Incrementing is enlarging the magnitude of a quality in a predetermined and fixed manner. [NIST]

achievement
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000035
source: http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/old/Papers/D18.pdf
definition: A process boundary based on some physical characteristics at the start or end of some process changing these characteristics. [Allotrope]

accomplishment
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000015
source: http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/old/Papers/D18.pdf
definition: A non-cumulative process (event) that is non-atomic. [DOLCE]
example: leaving a place
note: An accomplishment is the process of what is coming out instead of what is going on. (Aristoteles kinesis vs. energeia). [Allotrope]

state
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000015
AFX_0002818: true
source: http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/old/Papers/D18.pdf
definition: A state is a homomeric, cumulative process in which all the temporal parts are described by the same expression used for the whole. [Allotrope]
example: corroding

collecting
type: Class
subclass of: combining
source: NCIT C25453
alternative label: collection
definition: The act of gathering things together; having been brought together in one place. [NCI]

arrival
type: Class
subclass of: achievement
definition: Arrival is the achievement of reaching the destination site in a moving process. [Allotrope]

repelling
type: Class
subclass of: moving
alternative label: keeping separated
definition: A spatial change processing the increases the spatial distance from the start. [Allotrope]

resting state
type: Class
subclass of: spatial state
alternative label: staying in place
definition: A state when material object keeps its spatial location and orientation. [Allotrope]

attracting
type: Class
subclass of: moving
alternative label: keeping close
definition: A spatial change state the decreases the spatial distance at the end. [Allotrope]

mereotopological process
type: Class
subclass of: activity
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A process that affects the topological connectedness or parthood of two or more flows. [Allotrope]

partitioning
type: Class
subclass of: branching
alternative label: distributing
alternative label: distribution
definition: A processing that causes a flow to break up into disconnected partitions. The individual bits are similar to each other and the undistributed material. [Allotrope]

blocking
type: Class
subclass of: disconnected state
definition: A state of keeping two materials topologically disconnected by a separation medium. [Allotrope]

departure
type: Class
subclass of: achievement
definition: Departure is the achievement of leaving the source site in a moving process. [Allotrope]

positioning
type: Class
subclass of: localizing
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: orienting
alternative label: spatial alignment
definition: Positioning is a localization that changes a specific spatial location and orientation of an object relative to another. [Allotrope]

converting energy
type: Class
subclass of: converting
alternative label: transducing
definition: Changing from one form of a flow energy to another. [NIST]
example: A motor converts energy into mechanical energy.

charging
type: Class
subclass of: incrementing
alternative label: incrementing energy
alternative label: loading
definition: Increasing the amount of energy in a system. [Allotrope]

discharging
type: Class
subclass of: decrementing
alternative label: decrementing energy
alternative label: unloading

stopping
type: Class
subclass of: controlling
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: deactivating
alternative label: impeding
alternative label: turning off
definition: Stopping it the process of ceasing or preventing the transfer of a flow. [NIST]
example: A reflective coating on a window stops the transmission of UV radiation through a window. [NIST]

receiving
type: Class
subclass of: importing
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: importing signal
definition: A process that transports a signal across a system boundary into the system. [Allotrope]

sending
type: Class
subclass of: exporting
alternative label: exporting signal
definition: A process that transports a signal across a system boundary out of the system. [Allotrope]

sensing state
type: Class
subclass of: state
definition: The state of perceiving or becoming aware of a signal. [Allotrope]

displaying
type: Class
subclass of: indicating
definition: The process of transforming a signal into a visual signal (color, pattern). [Allotrope]

emission
type: Class
subclass of: achievement
definition: The achievement that a signal has left a source in an information transmission. [Allotrope]

holding in place
type: Class
subclass of: mereotopological state
alternative label: fixing
alternative label: securing
alternative label: supporting
definition: A state of supporting a material to stay in a location or orientation. [Allotrope]

reception
type: Class
subclass of: achievement
definition: The accomplishment that a transferred signal reaches at its designated target. [Allotrope]

rate process profile
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000144
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: rate profile
change note: 2020-06-18 Changed labels and fixed definition [Allotrope]
definition: A rate profile is a process profile, which are changes to ratios of determinate quality magnitudes over time. [Allotrope]
editorial note: suggested by Barry Smith, see comments on process profile

cyclic rate process profile
type: Class
subclass of: rate process profile
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: cyclic rate profile
change note: 2020-06-18 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
definition: A cyclic rate profile is a rate profile of a process that follows a cyclic pattern. [Allotrope]

disconnected state
type: Class
subclass of: mereotopological state
definition: A state s with participating materials m1 and m2, and m1 is not connected to m2. [Allotrope]

connected state
type: Class
subclass of: mereotopological state
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: being connected
alternative label: is connected
definition: A state s with participating materials m1 and m2 and m1 is connected to m2. [Allotrope]

melting
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter state
definition: The state of material becoming liquid from a solid. [Allotrope]

solidifying
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter state
definition: The state of material becoming solid from liquid. [Allotrope]

moving
type: Class
subclass of: spatial state
alternative label: flowing
definition: A state when material is changing its position in space. [Allotrope]

indicating state
type: Class
subclass of: state
definition: The state when the role of a signal is realized independent of any other material entity that may sense (perceive) the signal. [Allotrope]

tracking
type: Class
subclass of: indicating
alternative label: signal acquisition
definition: The process of sensing signals and recording the information in the signals. [Allotrope]

sorting material
type: Class
subclass of: sorting
definition: Sorting is the dividing of material by an ordering criteria. [Allotrope]

removing
type: Class
subclass of: separating
alternative label: removal
definition: Taking away a part of a flow from its prefixed place. [NIST]

combining
type: Class
subclass of: mereotopological process
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: assembling
definition: Combining is the building of a whole out of parts. [Allotrope]

energizing state
type: Class
subclass of: supplying state
alternative label: energizing
alternative label: providing energy
alternative label: supplying energy
definition: State of making energy available for a consumer. [Allotrope]

regulating
type: Class
subclass of: controlling
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Regulating is the adjusting of a flow in response to a control signal. [NIST]
example: Turning the valves regulates the flow rate of the liquid flowing from a faucet. [NIST]

changing
type: Class
subclass of: controlling
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: modifying
definition: Changing is a processing by which an entity gains or looses parts, qualities, roles, dispositions, functions etc in a predetermined and fixed manner but maintains its identity. [Allotrope]

indicating
type: Class
subclass of: signaling
definition: Indicating is signaling to make something known to the user about a flow. [NIST]

material test
type: Class
subclass of: test
definition: A test that verifies that some quality is within a specification. [Allotrope]

analysis assay
type: Class
subclass of: assay
alternative label: analysis
alternative label: analyte assay
definition: An assay with the objective to capture information about the presence, concentration or amount of an analyte in the evaluand. [OBI]

assessing
type: Class
subclass of: producing
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Assessing is evaluating or estimating a quality or behavior. [Allotrope]

image analysis
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Image analysis is the discovering of patterns in an image that are correlated to qualities of the material entity the image represents or of abstract patterns. [Allotrope]

temperature measurement
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
change note: 2020-11-12 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: A temperature measurement is a measurement that targets the temperature of some material entity. [Allotrope]

storing state
type: Class
subclass of: providing state
alternative label: storing
definition: Storing is containing or collecting flows to accumulate. [NIST]

signaling
type: Class
subclass of: producing
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: producing signal
definition: Signaling is the process of providing information on a material, energy or signal flow as an output signal. [NIST]

supplying state
type: Class
subclass of: providing state
alternative label: supplying
definition: A supplying state is a providing state that makes energy or material available for processing or consumption. [Allotrope]
example: In a flashlight, the battery supplies energy to the bulb. [NIST]

consuming signal
type: Class
subclass of: consuming
definition: Consuming signal is consuming of signals. [Allotrope]

physical characterization assay
type: Class
subclass of: assay
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An assay that examines physical qualities of material. [Allotrope]

providing state
type: Class
subclass of: state
alternative label: providing
definition: Providing is the state of accumulating or supplying a material or energy flow. [NIST]

collecting state
type: Class
subclass of: storing state
alternative label: collecting
definition: A storing state that brings a flow together at one place. [NIST]
example: Solar panels collect ultraviolet sun rays to power small mechanisms. [NIST]

converting
type: Class
subclass of: activity
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Converting is a process that changes from one form of a flow (material, energy, signal) to another. [NIST]

converting material
type: Class
subclass of: converting
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Changing from one form of a flow material to another. [NIST]

interpolation
type: Class
subclass of: calculation
AFX_0002818: true
source: Interpolation
definition: Interpolation is the constructing new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points. [Wikipedia]

peak height analysis
type: Class
subclass of: peak analysis
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A peak analysis that determines the peak height following a specified algorithm. [Allotrope]

peak width analysis
type: Class
subclass of: peak analysis
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A peak analysis that determines the peak width following a specified algorithm. [Allotrope]

totaling
type: Class
subclass of: data aggregation
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: adding
alternative label: summing
definition: Totaling is the calculation of a sum or an integral. [Allotrope]

sorting
type: Class
subclass of: partitioning
definition: Sorting is distributing flows based on some associated physical quality or entity into distinct fractions according to a defined order. [Allotrope]

taking
type: Class
subclass of: exporting
alternative label: exporting material
alternative label: taking material
definition: Taking material is the exporting of material from a location or site. [Allotrope]

pumping
type: Class
subclass of: transferring
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Pumping is a material transport of fluids by suction or pressure or both. [Allotrope]

data collection
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: aggregating data
alternative label: collecting data
alternative label: data aggregation
definition: A data transformation that assigns some data to a collection. [Allotrope]

ordering data
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Ordering data is the process of arranging data items systematically. [Allotrope]

denoting
type: Class
subclass of: producing
definition: Denoting is a process that assigns a symbol to an entity in order to reference it. [Allotrope]

describing
type: Class
subclass of: producing
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Describing is a process by which an account of some relevant characteristics, qualities or events of an entity are given or presented. [Allotrope]

identifying
type: Class
subclass of: denoting
definition: Identifying is recognizing an entity by some criteria and assigning an identifier to the entity. [Allotrope]

indexing
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Indexing is the process of organizing data according to a specific plan, usually to streamline data retrieval. [Allotrope]
example: assigning a sequence of numbers to data items

reflection
type: Class
subclass of: scattering
source: Reflection (physics)
alternative label: reflecting
definition: Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. [Wikipedia]

specular reflection
type: Class
subclass of: reflection
source: Specular reflection
alternative label: regular reflection
definition: Specular reflection is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface. In this process, each incident ray is reflected, with the reflected ray having the same angle to the surface normal as the incident ray. [Wikipedia]

diffuse reflection
type: Class
subclass of: reflection
source: Diffuse reflection
definition: Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light or other waves or particles from a surface such that a ray incident on the surface is scattered at many angles rather than at just one angle as in the case of specular reflection. An ideal diffuse reflecting surface is said to exhibit Lambertian reflection, meaning that there is equal luminance when viewed from all directions lying in the half-space adjacent to the surface. [Wikipedia]

scattering
type: Class
subclass of: state
source: Scattering
definition: Scattering is a general physical process where some forms of radiation, such as light, sound, or moving particles, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by one or more paths due to localized non-uniformities in the medium through which they pass. [Wikipedia]

deflecting
type: Class
subclass of: moving
source: Deflection (physics)
alternative label: deflection
definition: A deflection, in physics, refers to the change in an objects' acceleration as a consequence of contact (collision) with a surface or the influence of a field. [Wikipedia]

inhibiting
type: Class
subclass of: stopping
definition: Significantly restraining a flow, though a portion of the flow continues to be transferred. [NIST]
example: The structures of space vehicles inhibits the flow of radiation to protect crew and cargo.

preventing
type: Class
subclass of: stopping
definition: Keeping a flow from happening. [NIST]
example: A submerged gate on a dam wall prevents water from flowing to the other side. [NIST]

data transformation
type: Class
subclass of: converting
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: data processing
change note: 2019-09-09 Add alt label 'data processing'. [Allotrope]
definition: A converting process that converts the signals from one form into another by changing its content. [Allotrope]

comparing
type: Class
subclass of: producing
alternative label: comparison
definition: The observation or assessment of the similarities or dissimilarities between two things. [Allotrope]

assigning
type: Class
subclass of: producing
definition: Assigning is the producing of an assignment that asserts some relation between entities. [Allotrope]

peak identification
type: Class
subclass of: assigning
alternative label: peak assigning
alternative label: peak assignment
change note: 2018-08-01 Changed label and definition
definition: Peak identification is an assigning of a peak to an analyte or portion of an analyte of interest. [Allotrope]

peak detection
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Peak detection is a data transformation that finds peaks in a data distribution function. [Allotrope]

activity
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000015
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An activity is a process that is cumulative but not homomeric. [Allotrope, DOLCE]
editorial note: Same as process in DOLCE. [Allotrope]

containing
type: Class
subclass of: mereotopological state
definition: Containing is the state of keeping an object in the inside of a cavity. [Allotrope]

number density measurement
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
definition: A measuring that targets the number density. [Allotrope]

sampling
type: Class
subclass of: branching
definition: Sampling is the process of taking parts or partitions of an object aggregate or data set for the interest for studying it. [Allotrope]

sampling data
type: Class
subclass of: sampling
definition: Sampling data is sampling on a set of data items. [Allotrope]

descriptive statistics
type: Class
subclass of: describing
source: Descriptive statistics
definition: Descriptive statistics is the process of using and analyzing descriptive statistics. A descriptive statistic is a summary statistic that quantitatively describes or summarizes features of a collection of information. [Wikipedia]

inferring
type: Class
subclass of: producing
source: Inference
alternative label: inference
definition: Inferring is a process that produces logical consequences by steps of reasoning, moving from premises. [Wikipedia]

statistical inference
type: Class
subclass of: inferring
source: Statistical inference
definition: Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to deduce properties of an underlying probability distribution. [Wikipedia]

marking
type: Class
subclass of: converting
alternative label: labeling
definition: Marking is changing some quality of a material so that it concretizes a symbol. [Allotrope]
example: marking a square on the board
example: modifying a sample to be a marker

dispersed state
type: Class
subclass of: mereotopological state
definition: Dispersed state is a state of a system in which discrete particles of one material are dispersed in a continuous phase of another material. [Allotrope]

degradation
type: Class
subclass of: state
definition: Degradation is the state of changing in the qualities of a material under the influence of one or more environmental factors such as heat, light or chemicals such as acids, alkalies and some salts to a lower level of quality. [Allotrope]

approving
type: Class
subclass of: deciding
alternative label: approval
alternative label: approval process
definition: Approving is agreeing to a proposition or accepting something as satisfactory towards an set objective. [Allotrope]

deciding
type: Class
subclass of: producing
definition: Deciding is making a choice from a set of alternatives. [Allotrope]

signing
type: Class
subclass of: producing
definition: A signing is attaching a signature to an information content entity. The signature is an identifier for the agent doing the signing. [Allotrope]

submitting
type: Class
subclass of: transferring
alternative label: submission
definition: Submitting is the transferring of a material or information from a sender (the submitter) to a receiver with the intent that the receiver acts on the transferred entity towards an objective stated by the submitter. [Allotrope]
example: the submitting of a report for approval
example: the submitting of a sample for analysis

summarizing
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
source: Summary
definition: Shortening a passage or a write-up without changing its meaning but by using different words and sentences. [Wikipedia]

data reduction
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
source: Data reduction
alternative label: reducing data
definition: Data reduction is the transformation of numerical or alphabetical digital information derived empirically or experimentally into a corrected, ordered, and/or simplified form. [Wikipedia]

data aggregation
type: Class
subclass of: data reduction
definition: Data aggregation is a data reduction that applies an aggregating function on the data to produce an aggregated (summary) datum from a collection of data items. [Allotrope]
example: averaging
example: totaling a sum

averaging
type: Class
subclass of: data reduction
definition: Averaging is the calculation of a mean statistic or a temporal average value. [Allotrope]

detecting state
type: Class
subclass of: sensing state
alternative label: detecting
alternative label: is detecting
definition: A detecting state is a state that occurs when a detector detects its detection target. [Allotrope]

running state
type: Class
subclass of: process state
alternative label: executing
alternative label: executing state
alternative label: is executing
alternative label: is running
alternative label: running
definition: A running state is a state during which a device or service performs its specified function in normal operation. [Allotrope]

injecting
type: Class
subclass of: loading
alternative label: injection
definition: Injecting is the forceful loading of a fluid into the interior of some other object. [Allotrope]

idle state
type: Class
subclass of: process state
alternative label: idle
alternative label: is idle
definition: An idle state is a state during which a device or service waits for being started to execute a planned process. [Allotrope]

completed state
type: Class
subclass of: process state
alternative label: completed
alternative label: is completed
definition: A completed state is a state during which a planned process has run to completion and the device or service is waiting for a reset that cause the state to change to an idle state. [Allotrope]

paused state
type: Class
subclass of: process state
alternative label: is paused
alternative label: paused
definition: A paused state is a state during which a device or service waits for being resumed to continue a planned process. [Allotrope]

aborted state
type: Class
subclass of: process state
alternative label: aborted
alternative label: is aborted
definition: An aborted state is a state during which a planned process has run to completion in an abnormal way and the device or service is waiting for a reset that cause the state to change to an idle state. [Allotrope]

stopped state
type: Class
subclass of: process state
alternative label: is stopped
alternative label: stopped
definition: A completed state is a state during which a planned process has run to an end and the device or service is waiting for a reset that cause the state to change to an idle state. [Allotrope]

held state
type: Class
subclass of: process state
alternative label: held
alternative label: is held
definition: A held state is a state during which a device or service waits for a longer time e.g. for maintenance. [Allotrope]

process state
type: Class
subclass of: state
definition: A process state is a state where a device or service is executing a planned process or is in a specific configuration. [Allotrope]
note: The subclasses follow the model of ISA-S88. [Allotrope]
note: These classes are mainly used in procedure specifications or conditions. [Allotrope]

monitoring
type: Class
subclass of: observing
definition: Monitoring is an observing of a quality important for the successful and/or safe operation of a controlled process. [Allotrope]

time domain zero padding
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
alternative label: time domain zero filling
alternative label: zero filling
alternative label: zero padding
definition: Time domain zero padding is a data transformation used in Fourier transformation by padding the time domain with zero values. [Allotrope]

coated state
type: Class
subclass of: covered state
alternative label: being coated
alternative label: is coated
change note: 2020-06-18 Changed definition and subclassing. [Allotrope]
definition: Coated state is the covering state when a substance covers the surface of another substance firmly. [Allotrope]

time measurement
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
alternative label: duration measurement
alternative label: duration measuring
alternative label: time measuring
definition: A time measurement is a measurement of the duration of some process which is a quantification of the magnitude of the time region between the start and the end of the process in relation to some recurring process involving a clock. [Allotrope]

analyte calibration
type: Class
subclass of: producing
alternative label: calibration
definition: Analyte calibration is producing a calibration curve from measurements of known amounts of analyte that will be used as measurement function for the measurement of unknown amounts of analytes. [Allotrope]
scope note: This is not to be confused with calibration [AFP_0002389], which is the calibration of a measurement device. [Allotrope]

nebulizing
type: Class
subclass of: converting material
source: Nebulizer
definition: Nebulizing is converting by of breaking up solutions and suspensions into small aerosol droplets. [Wikipedia]

background correction
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
source: bioassayontology.org
definition: Background correction is a data transformation designed to remove irrelevant contributions from the measured signal, e.g. those due to instrument noise or sample preparation. [BAO]

data extraction
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
AFX_0002808: NCIT C44285
definition: Data extraction is a data transformation process whereby specific data is taken out of a larger set of data and presented in a usable format. [Allotrope]

experiment
type: Class
subclass of: producing
AFX_0002808: SIO_000994
source: SIO_000994
definition: An experiment is a planned process that has the goal of verifying, falsifying, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis. [SIO]

preventative maintenance
type: Class
subclass of: maintaining
definition: Preventative maintenance is a proactive maintenance of a device involving inspection, testing and preemptive replacement of parts likely to fail before the preventative maintenance activity. [Allotrope]

covered state
type: Class
subclass of: connected state
alternative label: is covered
definition: Covered state is a connected state where something is located on the surface of another thing and prevents some kind of material or energy flow through that surface. [Allotrope]

covering
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition: Covering is a joining process where the joining is on to the surface in such way that it is preventing some kind of material or energy flow through that surface. [Allotrope]

approval state
type: Class
subclass of: state
definition: An approval state is a state where information content such as a specification is allowed or is suitable by an authority for a purpose or in a context. [Allotrope]

is approved
type: Class
subclass of: approval state
alternative label: approved
alternative label: approved state
definition: Is approved is an approval state where information content such as a specification is approved by an authority for a purpose or in a context. [Allotrope]

is denied
type: Class
subclass of: approval state
alternative label: denied
alternative label: denied state
definition: Is denied is an approval state where information content such as a specification is denied by an authority for a purpose or in a context. [Allotrope]

electrolytic conductivity measurement
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
alternative label: electrolytic conductivity detection
definition: An electrolytic conductivity measurement is a measurement of the electrolytic conductivity of a material. [Allotrope]

quantitative polymerase chain reaction
type: Class
subclass of: quantitative analysis assay
source: Real-time polymerase chain reaction
alternative label: qPCR
alternative label: real-time PCR
alternative label: real-time polymerase chain reaction
definition: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is a quantitative analytical assay based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It monitors the amplification of a targeted DNA molecule during the PCR. [Allotrope]

polymerase chain reaction
type: Class
subclass of: synthesis
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: Polymerase chain reaction
source: PAC, 1997, 69, 1251. (Glossary of terms used in bioinorganic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1997))
alternative label: PCR
definition: Polymerase chain reaction is a synthesis to rapidly amplify pre-determined regions of double-stranded DNA. Generally involves the use of a heat-stable DNA polymerase. [IUPAC]

dyeing
type: Class
subclass of: converting material
alternative label: coloring
definition: Dyeing is the changing of the color of some material. [Allotrope]

baseline determination
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
definition: Baseline determination is a data transformation that calculates or assigns a baseline to a curve. [Allotrope]

imaging
type: Class
subclass of: producing
definition: Imaging is a process that produces an image of something. [Allotrope]

evacuating (chem)
type: Class
subclass of: removing
alternative label: evacuating
definition: Evacuating is the removing of gasses from a container to create a vacuum. [Allotrope]

near infrared transmission spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: vibrational spectroscopy
alternative label: NIR
alternative label: NIR spectrometry
alternative label: NIR spectrophotometry
alternative label: NIR spectroscopy
alternative label: NIR transmission spectrometry
alternative label: NIR transmission spectroscopy
alternative label: near infra-red spectrometry
alternative label: near infra-red spectrophotometry
alternative label: near infra-red transmission spectrometry
alternative label: near infra-red transmission spectroscopy
alternative label: near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy
alternative label: near infrared spectrometry
alternative label: near infrared spectrophotometry
alternative label: near infrared spectroscopy
alternative label: near infrared transmission spectrometry
definition: Near infrared transmission spectroscopy is a type of vibrational spectroscopy where the transmission of near infrared radiation (0.8-2 µm) through a sample is detected. [CHMO]

shaking
type: Class
subclass of: mixing
definition: Shaking is a mixing process involving short rapid motions of the material inside a container. [Allotrope]

disintegrated state
type: Class
subclass of: disconnected state
alternative label: disintegrated
definition: Disintegrated state is a state of an object when its has turned into an aggregate of small, separated pieces. [Allotrope]

disintegrating
type: Class
subclass of: converting material
alternative label: disintegration
definition: Disintegrating is a break a material into small, separate parts. [Allotrope]

disconnecting
type: Class
subclass of: branching
definition: Disconnecting is a branching process that removes the connection between parts of a flow so that they become topologically separate. [Allotrope]

flowing
type: Class
subclass of: moving
alternative label: flow
alternative label: flowing process
alternative label: flowing state
definition: Flowing is the state of moving along a steady continuous stream. [Allotrope]
example: flow of ions in a TOF detector
example: flow of water through pipes

code scanning
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
definition: Code scanning is the transformation of data in the representation form of visual machine-readable codes to another form. [Allotrope]

state of matter state
type: Class
subclass of: quality state
definition: A changing state of matter is a quality state that is expressed by the state of matter of some material participating in the state. [Allotrope]

mereotopological state
type: Class
subclass of: state
definition: A mereotopological state is a state that is expressed by the mereotopological connectedness or parthood of participants in the state. [Allotrope]

quality state
type: Class
subclass of: state
definition: A quality state is a state that is expressed by a quality of some material participating in the state. [Allotrope]

spatial state
type: Class
subclass of: state
definition: A spatial state is a state that is expressed by a spatial location or orientation of some material participating in the state. [Allotrope]

gel transition
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter state
alternative label: becoming a gel
alternative label: gel forming
definition: A gel transition is a state of matter state where some material transitions into a gel. [Allotrope]

dielectric polarization measurement
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002818: true
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
alternative label: dielectric polarization sensing
alternative label: measurement of dielectric polarization
alternative label: sensing of dielectric polarization
definition: A dielectric polarization measurement is a measuring of the difference between the electric displacement vector and the product of the electric field strength with the permittivity of vacuum. [IUPAC]

gripping
type: Class
subclass of: guiding
definition: Gripping is a guiding process by applying friction or pressure to prevent movement. [Allotrope]

nitrogen-phosphorus detection
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002808: CHMO_0001726
alternative label: NPD
alternative label: nitrogen phosphorus detection
alternative label: nitrogen phosphorus measurement
alternative label: nitrogen phosphorus process
alternative label: nitrogen-phosphorus measurement
alternative label: nitrogen-phosphorus process
definition: A detection method that is sensitive to compounds containing N and P. A flow of carrier gas containing the sample is mixed with H2 and air in the presence of a small, heated bead of an alkali salt such as Rb2SO4. Any positively-charged radicals resulting from this process are collected at a cathode allowing the current to be measured. [CHMO]

nitrogen chemiluminescence detection
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002808: CHMO_0000058
alternative label: NCD
alternative label: nitrogen chemiluminescence measurement
alternative label: nitrogen chemiluminescence process
definition: The detection of luminescence emitted from nitrogen in a sample as a result of a chemical reaction. [CHMO]

sulfur chemiluminescence detection
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002808: CHMO_00001720
alternative label: SCD
alternative label: sulfur chemiluminescence measurement
alternative label: sulfur chemiluminescence process
definition: The detection of luminescence emitted from sulfur in a sample as a result of a chemical reaction. [Allotrope]

flame photometric detection
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002808: CHMO_00001720
alternative label: FPD
alternative label: flame photometric measurement
alternative label: flame photometric process
definition: A detection method that is sensitive to sulfur- and phosphorus-containing compounds. A flow of carrier gas containing the sample is mixed with oxygen or air and ignited. Any chemiluminescence due to these compounds is then detected. [CHMO]

evaporative light scattering detection
type: Class
subclass of: measuring
AFX_0002808: CHMO_00001718
alternative label: ELSD
alternative label: evaporative light scattering measurement
alternative label: evaporative light scattering process
definition: A detection method where a liquid containing the sample is atomized in a gas, forming small droplets which are allowed to evaporate leaving the sample as fine particles. The suspended particles pass through a light beam and the scattered light transmitted by the particles is sensed by a photodiode or photomultiplier tube. The response can be quantitative and relative to the amount of molecules eluting. [Allotrope, CHMO]

dispensing
type: Class
subclass of: transferring
alternative label: dispension
definition: Dispensing is giving out material in discrete portions. [Allotrope]

ratio
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000145
AFX_0002811: AFX_0000245
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: factor
alternative label: fraction
alternative label: proportion
alternative label: relative amount
definition: A ratio is a relational quality that is the proportion of the magnitude of two qualities of the same kind. [Allotrope]

inner diameter (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: diameter (quality)
AFX_0002811: AFX_0000916
AFX_0002818: true
change note: 2020-06-22 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: The inner diameter is the diameter at the inside. [Allotrope]
example: opening of the soller slit

cylinder length (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: length (quality)
AFX_0002811: AFX_0002676
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: cylinder length
change note: 2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
definition: Quality of a material entity of cylindrical or tubular shape which describes its length along its main (non-circular) dimension. [Allotrope]

distance
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000145
AFX_0002808: PATO_0000040
definition: A quality that is the extent of space between two entities. [PATO]

system configuration
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
alternative label: configuration
alternative label: device configuration
alternative label: device setting
alternative label: setting
change note: 2018-12-05 Changed pref label [Allotrope]
definition: A configuration is a range of determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in some part of a device or system that influence participants in some of the functions of the device or system including the device or system itself. [Allotrope]
example: detector wavelength is a device configuration of a specific detector assembly, e.g. optical filters or of a controller in the detector to detect certain ranges of wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum

heat rate
type: Class
subclass of: thermal quality
definition: Quality of a bearer which describes the bearer's efficiency in terms of useful output energy. [Allotrope]

linear velocity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: velocity
alternative label: linear velocity
change note: 2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
definition: Quality of velocity inhering in a bearer which is traveling in a straight line, meaning its direction is not changing. [Allotrope]

torque (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: force (quality)
alternative label: torque
change note: 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of its rotational force. [Allotrope]

voltage (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: electrical and magnetic quality
alternative label: voltage
change note: 2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
definition: A quality which inheres in an independent continuant which has a difference in electric potential energy between two points per unit electric charge. [Wikipedia]

electric current (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: electrical and magnetic quality
alternative label: current
alternative label: current (quality)
alternative label: electric current
change note: 2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
change note: 2020-07-27 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to conduct an electrical charge. [Allotrope]

thermal quality
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
definition: A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of its material properties pertaining to temperature. [Allotrope]

thermal conductivity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: thermal quality
AFX_0002808: OMIT_0014665
AFX_0002808: PATO_0001756
alternative label: thermal conductivity
definition: A conductivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to spontaneous transfer of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. [Wikipedia]

heat capacity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: thermal quality
source: Heat capacity
alternative label: heat capacity
alternative label: thermal capacity
change note: 2020-03-23 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
definition: Heat capacity is a thermal quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of its resistance or ability to change its temperature based on a change to the heat added or removed from said object (ratio of head added or removed from an object to the resulting temperature change). [Wikipedia]

radiative emissivity
type: Class
subclass of: thermal quality
definition: A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of its emissivity, which is defined as a material's effectiveness in emitting energy as thermal radiation. [Wikipedia]

absorbance (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: optical quality
AFX_0002818: true
source: PAC, 1990, 62, 2167 (Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990))
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 2223 (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996))
alternative label: absorbance
definition: Absorbance is the logarithm of the ratio of intensities of electromagnetic radiation on both sides of a medium that the radiation passes through. Lambert-Beer's law states that absorbance is equal to the product of molar coefficient of absorbance of an absorbing compound in a medium times its concentration in the medium times path length of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the medium. [Allotrope]

focal length
type: Class
subclass of: optical quality
alternative label: focal distance
definition: A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how strongly the bearer converges or diverges light. [Wikipedia]

reflectance (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: optical quality
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 2007, 79, 293 (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry, 3rd edition (IUPAC Recommendations 2006))
alternative label: reflectance factor
alternative label: reflectivity
definition: Reflectance is an optical quality that is the fraction of incident radiation reflected by a surface or discontinuity. [IUPAC]

electrical and magnetic quality
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
AFX_0002808: electromagnetic radiation quality
alternative label: electromagnetic radiation quality
definition: A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation. [Wikipedia]

electric resistance (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: electrical and magnetic quality
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: Electrical resistance and conductance
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
alternative label: electric resistance
alternative label: resistance
alternative label: resistance (quality)
change note: 2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
change note: 2020-01-23 Changed definition to IUPAC. [Allotrope]
definition: Electric resistance is the quality inhered in a conductor that is the electric potential difference divided by the electric current when there is no electromotive force in the conductor. [IUPAC]
scope note: Quality of a object or substance with the property of resisting opposing the flow of an electrical current. [NCI]

state of matter
type: Class
subclass of: morphology
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: material state
definition: A state of matter is a quality of material that is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many other states are known to exist only in extreme situations, such as Bose-Einstein condensates, neutron-degenerate matter, and quark-gluon plasma, which only occur in situations of extreme cold, extreme density, and extremely high-energy color-charged matter respectively. [Wikipedia]

solid
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: solid state of matter
definition: A state of matter, in which particles are closely packed together. The forces between particles are strong so that the particles cannot move freely but can only vibrate. As a result, a solid has a stable, definite shape, and a definite volume. Solids can only change their shape by force, as when broken or cut. [Wikipedia]

liquid
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: liquid state of matter
definition: A state of matter that is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. [Wikipedia]

gas
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: gaseous
alternative label: gaseous state of matter
definition: A state of matter that is a compressible fluid. Not only will a gas conform to the shape of its container but it will also expand to fill the container. In a gas, the molecules have enough kinetic energy so that the effect of intermolecular forces is small (or zero for an ideal gas), and the typical distance between neighboring molecules is much greater than the molecular size. A gas has no definite shape or volume, but occupies the entire container in which it is confined. [Wikipedia]

plasma
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: plasma state of matter
definition: A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of its plasma is a state of matter, that is, it does not have definite shape or volume. Unlike gases, plasmas are electrically conductive, produce magnetic fields and electric currents, and respond strongly to electromagnetic forces. Positively charged nuclei swim in a "sea" of freely-moving disassociated electrons, similar to the way such charges exist in conductive metal. [Wikipedia]

shear modulus (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: ratio
  intersection of: mechanical quality
AFX_0002818: true
source: Shear modulus
alternative label: shear modulus
change note: 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: Shear modulus is a ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. It is a quantity for measuring the stiffness of materials. The shear modulus is concerned with the deformation of a material. [Wikipedia]

shear modulus of zero magnitude
type: Class
subclass of: shear modulus (quality)
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: zero shear modulus
definition: A zero shear modulus is a determinate shear modulus with zero magnitude. [Allotrope]

supercritical fluid
type: Class
subclass of: gas
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: supercritical fluid state of matter
definition: A gaseous state of matter in which temperature and pressure are above the critical temperature and critical pressure. In this state, the distinction between liquid and gas disappears. [Wikipedia]

gel (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: solid
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: gel
alternative label: gel state of matter
definition: A gel is a solid state of matter of jelly-like material that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady-state. By weight, gels are mostly liquid, yet they behave like solids due to a three-dimensional cross-linked network within the liquid. [Wikipedia]

exact mass
type: Class
subclass of: mass (quality)
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Exact mass is a quality of mass of an isotopic species that is obtained by summing the masses of the individual isotopes of the molecule. [Wikipedia]

fugacity
type: Class
subclass of: thermal quality
definition: Thermodynamic property of a real gas that, if substituted for the pressure or partial pressure in the equations for an ideal gas, gives equations applicable to the real gas. [Wikipedia]

acoustic quality
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
AFX_0002808: NCIT C16256
definition: Property that inheres in an independent continuant having to do with sound or hearing. [NCI]

frequency response
type: Class
subclass of: acoustic quality
definition: Frequency response is the quantitative measure of the output spectrum of a system or device in response to a stimulus, and is used to characterize the dynamics of the system. It is a measure of magnitude and phase of the output as a function of frequency, in comparison to the input. [Wikipedia]

audible device noise
type: Class
subclass of: acoustic quality
AFX_0002809: NCIT C99179
definition: An unintended or unpleasant sound that emanates from a device. [NCI]

polarization
type: Class
subclass of: optical quality
definition: A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the geometrical orientation of the oscillations of a transverse wave. [Allotrope]

flowability
type: Class
subclass of: movement quality
AFX_0002818: true
source: D. Schulze: Powders and Bulk Solids, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg (2008).
definition: Flowability is the quality of material to move by flow. [Allotrope]

friction (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: force (quality)
alternative label: friction
change note: 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: Friction is a quality of an object which is resisting the force the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements produce when sliding against each other. [Wikipedia]

amount of substance (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: amount (quality)
alternative label: amount of substance
change note: 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: Amount of substance is a quality inhered in a portion of material that is a size that is proportional to the number of elementary entities present. [Allotrope]

mass concentration (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: concentration (quality)
AFX_0002818: true
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
source: IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "mass concentration". doi:10.1351/goldbook.M03713
alternative label: mass concentration
change note: 2018-12-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: Mass concentration is a concentration that is defined as the mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. [IUPAC]

molar concentration (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: concentration (quality)
AFX_0002818: true
source: Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
alternative label: amount concentration
alternative label: amount concentration (quality)
alternative label: amount of substance concentration
alternative label: molar concentration
alternative label: molarity
alternative label: molarity (quality)
alternative label: substance concentration
alternative label: substance concentration (quality)
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
change note: 2020-05-11 Changed pref label to molar concentration. [Allotrope]
change note: 2020-06-18 Added alt labels. [Allotrope]
definition: Molar concentration is the ratio of molar amount of a substance divided by volume of mixture containing the amount of substance. [Allotrope]

volume fraction (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: fraction (quality)
AFX_0002818: true
source: Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 957 (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
alternative label: volume fraction
change note: 2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
definition: The volume fraction is a fraction pertaining the volume of a constituent divided by the total volume of all constituents in the mixture. [Allotrope]

fraction (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: composition
AFX_0002818: true
source: Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
alternative label: fraction
change note: 2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
definition: A fraction is the ratio of one constitutent (part) to all constituents of a mixture. [Allotrope]

mass fraction (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: fraction (quality)
source: Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 957 (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
alternative label: mass fraction
change note: 2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
definition: The mass fraction is a fraction pertaining the mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. [Allotrope]

amount fraction (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: fraction (quality)
source: Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 957 (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
alternative label: amount fraction
alternative label: mole fraction
alternative label: mole fraction (quality)
change note: 2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
definition: The amount fraction is the ratio of the amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in the mixture. [Allotrope]

volume concentration (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: concentration (quality)
AFX_0002818: true
source: Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
alternative label: volume concentration
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: Volume concentration is a concentration that is defined as the volume of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. [Allotrope]

number concentration (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: concentration (quality)
AFX_0002818: true
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 957 (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
alternative label: number concentration
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: Number concentration is a concentration defined by number of entities of a constituent in a mixture divided by the volume of the mixture. [IUPAC]

dilution ratio
type: Class
subclass of: dilution composition
AFX_0002808: AFX_0000443
source: Dilution ratio
definition: The dilution ratio is the ratio of solute to solvent. [Wikipedia]

dilution factor (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: dilution composition
AFX_0002808: AFX_0000443
source: Dilution ratio
alternative label: DF
alternative label: dilution factor
definition: Dilution factor is the ratio of the aliquot volume to the final volume. [Wikipedia]

amount (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
alternative label: amount
alternative label: count
alternative label: size
change note: 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: The amount is the quality of a whole that is the number of entities that are part of the whole. [Allotrope]

number density
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
source: Number density
definition: Number density is a quality of the amount of countable objects per units size. [Allotrope]

pO2 (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: partial pressure (quality)
alternative label: partial pressure of oxygen
change note: 2023-12-06 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: pO2 is the partial pressure of oxygen gas dissolved in a solution. [Allotrope]

pCO2 (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: partial pressure (quality)
alternative label: partial pressure of carbon dioxide
change note: 2023-12-06 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: pCO2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide dissolved in a solution. [Allotrope]

signal configuration
type: Class
subclass of: controller configuration
alternative label: signal setting
definition: A signal configuration is a device configuration of a device producing or consuming signals, that controls the processing of a signal. [Allotrope]

signal gain configuration
type: Class
subclass of: signal configuration
alternative label: amplification
alternative label: amplification configuration
alternative label: amplification setting
alternative label: gain
alternative label: gain configuration
alternative label: gain setting
alternative label: signal amplification setting
alternative label: signal gain setting
definition: A gain setting is a signal configuration, that controls the amplification of an incoming or outgoing signal. [Allotrope]

signal offset configuration
type: Class
subclass of: signal configuration
alternative label: signal offset setting
definition: A signal offset configuration is a signal processing configuration, that adds/subtracts a fixed amount of magnitude to the signal strength or amplitude to move the zero reference. [Allotrope]

controller configuration
type: Class
subclass of: system configuration
alternative label: control setting
alternative label: controller setting
definition: A controller configuration is a device configuration of a controller, that directly influences the controlling process done by the controller towards a goal. [Allotrope]

trigger configuration
type: Class
subclass of: system configuration
alternative label: trigger setting
definition: A trigger configuration is a device configuration for a system with a sensor and an actor component, that directly influences when the sensor sends an activating signal to the actor based on an observation. [Allotrope]

notification configuration
type: Class
subclass of: trigger configuration
alternative label: alert configuration
alternative label: alert setting
alternative label: notification setting
alternative label: signaling configuration
alternative label: signaling setting
definition: A notification setting is a trigger setting in a system that has a notification component, that controls when the component send out a notification signal. [Allotrope]
example: A pressure sensor measures the pressure of the liquid in the plumbing an if the notification setting on the pressure is above a maximum, it triggers the notification of a signaling device, such as a warning lamp.

partial pressure (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: pressure (quality)
source: Partial pressure
source: Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
source: PAC, 1994, 66, 533 (Standard quantities in chemical thermodynamics. Fugacities, activities and equilibrium constants for pure and mixed phases (IUPAC Recommendations 1994))
alternative label: partial pressure
definition: Partial pressure is the notional pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases, if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature. [Wikipedia]

purity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: composition
alternative label: purity
definition: Purity is a composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer lacking undesired components. [Allotrope]
note: It is generally quantified by the sum of the mass fractions of the impurities subtracted from a theoretically pure value of 100%.

mechanical quality
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
alternative label: mechanics quality
definition: A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer behaves when subjected to forces or displacements and the effect of their bodies on their environment. [Wikipedia]

strain (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical quality
subject: Deformation (mechanics)
alternative label: deformation
alternative label: strain
change note: 2021-12-01 Changed prefLabel. [Allotrope]
definition: Strain is a quality of deformation representing the displacement between particles in the body relative to a reference length. [Wikipedia]
note: A general deformation of a body can be expressed in the form x = F(X) where X is the reference position of material points in the body.

shear stress (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical quality
subject: Shear stress
alternative label: shear stress
alternative label: τ
change note: 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A shearing force is applied to the top of the rectangle while the bottom is held in place. The resulting shear stress deforms the rectangle into a parallelogram. The area involved would be the top of the parallelogram. A shear stress is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section. [Wikipedia]

normal strain
type: Class
subclass of: strain (quality)
subject: Deformation (mechanics)
definition: A normal strain is strain perpendicular to the face of an element. [Wikipedia]

shear strain
type: Class
subclass of: strain (quality)
subject: Deformation (mechanics)
definition: A shear strain is parallel to the face of an element. [Wikipedia]

total impurities
type: Class
subclass of: impurity (quality)
alternative label: total mass of impurities
definition: Total impurities is a composition quality that is the sum of the mass of all impurities in a material. [Allotrope]

stereochemical purity
type: Class
subclass of: purity (quality)
definition: A purity quality of a material with respect to its stereoisomers. [Allotrope]

diastereomeric excess
type: Class
subclass of: stereochemical composition
AFX_0002808: CHMO_0002860
definition: The absolute value of the mole fraction for one diastereomer in a mixture minus the mole fraction for the other. [CHMO]

diastereomeric ratio
type: Class
subclass of: stereochemical composition
AFX_0002808: CHMO_0002858
source: doi:10.1359/goldbook.D01681
definition: The ratio of the percentage of one diastereomer in a mixture to that of the other. [CHMO]

enantiomeric ratio
type: Class
subclass of: stereochemical composition
AFX_0002808: CHMO_0002859
definition: The ratio of the percentage of one enantiomer in a mixture to that of the other. [CHMO]

enantiomeric excess
type: Class
subclass of: stereochemical composition
AFX_0002808: CHMO_0002856
source: doi:10.1359/goldbook.E02070
definition: The absolute value of the mole fraction for one enantiomer in a mixture minus the mole fraction for the other enantiomer. [CHMO]

excess
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000145
alternative label: difference
definition: An excess is a relational quality that is the difference in magnitude of two qualities of the same kind. [Allotrope]

impurity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: composition
alternative label: impurity
definition: Impurity is a composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer having undesired components. [Allotrope]

stereochemical composition
type: Class
subclass of: composition
definition: Stereochemical composition is a composition quality based on the stereochemistry of its components. [Allotrope]

dilution composition
type: Class
subclass of: composition
definition: A dilution composition is a composition quality of a dilution. [Allotrope]

reaction composition
type: Class
subclass of: composition
definition: Reaction composition is a composition quality of a reaction mixture. [Allotrope]

conversion (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: reaction composition
source: Conversion (chemistry)
alternative label: conversion
definition: Conversion is a reaction composition quality dependent on the fraction of reactant remaining. [Allotrope]

yield (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: reaction composition
AFX_0002808: CHMO_0002855
source: Conversion (chemistry)
alternative label: percentage yield
alternative label: yield
definition: Reaction yield is a reaction composition quality expressed as a percentage of the theoretical maximum mass of the product given the masses of the reactants. [CHMO, Allotrope]
note: Often there is an assumption that the product and starting materials have the same relative response in the analytical method being used.

reaction selectivity
type: Class
subclass of: reaction composition
source: Conversion (chemistry)
alternative label: selectivity
definition: Reaction selectivity is a reaction composition that is expressed as the number of moles of desired product per the number of moles of undesired product. [Wikipedia]

wavenumber (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
alternative label: wavenumber
definition: Wavenumber is a physical quality that inheres in a wave by virtue of the number of wave patterns per unit length along the direction of propagation. It is reciprocal to wavelength. [Allotrope]
editorial note: 2019-07-04 Quality can be either acoustic. electromagnetic or radiation. [Allotrope]

resolution (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
source: International Vocabulary of Metrology – Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms (VIM 3rd edition) JCGM 200:2012
alternative label: resolution
definition: Resolution is the quality of a sensor (measurement instrument, detector) to be able to measure the smallest change in a qualities that causes a perceptible change in the corresponding indication. [Allotrope]

melting point
type: Class
subclass of: temperature (quality)
AFX_0002798: true
replaces: AFX_0000316
alternative label: melt temperature
alternative label: melting temperature
definition: The melting point is the temperature where a material changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase. [Allotrope]

polarity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
AFX_0002808: C48048
alternative label: polarity
definition: Polarity is the quality inhered in an energy that is the positive or negative direction of an electrical, acoustical, or magnetic force relative to a reference state. [Allotrope, NCI]
editorial note: 2019-07-04 Quality can be either acoustic, electro magnetic or radiation. [Allotrope]

pore size
type: Class
subclass of: radius (quality)
AFX_0002808: AFX_0001135
AFX_0002808: NCIT C112332
definition: The average radius of the pores within the solid particles. [Allotrope]

fused core
type: Class
subclass of: porosity
definition: A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being only capable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices in outer layer of the solid and not its solid impermeable core. [Allotrope]

chemical substance quality
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
definition: A chemical substance quality is a quality that inheres in some portion of chemical substance. [Allotrope]

energy (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
alternative label: energy
definition: Energy (quality) is the amount of energy that a material entity contains. [Allotrope]
scope note: Energy is in BFO considered a material entity.

electric resistivity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: electrical and magnetic quality
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
alternative label: electric resistivity
alternative label: resistivity
alternative label: resistivity (quality)
definition: Electric resistivity is the quality of the electric field strength divided by the current density when there is no electromotive force in a conductor. [IUPAC]

electric conductance (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: electrical and magnetic quality
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: Electrical resistance and conductance
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
alternative label: conductance
alternative label: conductance (quality)
alternative label: electric conductance
definition: Electric conductance is the quality inhered in a conductor that is the reciprocal of a the electric resistance. [IUPAC]

enthalpy (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
alternative label: enthalpy
definition: Enthalpy (quality) is the quality of a system that is the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume. Its change in a system is equal to the heat brought to the system at constant pressure. [IUPAC]

specific heat capacity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: heat capacity (quality)
alternative label: specific heat capacity
definition: A specific heat capacity (quality) is a heat capacity of a pure substance by virtue of the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature per amount of mass. [Allotrope]

electric charge (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: electrical and magnetic quality
alternative label: charge
alternative label: electric charge
definition: Electric charge is the electrical quality of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. [Wikipedia]

saturation vapor pressure (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: pressure (quality)
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 1990, 62, 2167. (Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990)) on page 2212
alternative label: saturation vapor pressure
definition: The pressure exerted by a pure substance (at a given temperature) in a system containing only the vapor and condensed phase (liquid or solid) of the substance. [IUPAC]

hygroscopicity
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance quality
source: Hygroscopy
definition: Hygroscopicity is a quality inhered in a compound by virtue of its ability to readily take up and retain water, especially from the atmosphere. [Wikipedia]

enthalpy of fusion (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: thermal quality
source: Enthalpy of fusion
alternative label: enthalpy of fusion
alternative label: enthalpy of melting
alternative label: enthalpy of melting (quality)
alternative label: heat of fusion
alternative label: latent heat of fusion
definition: The enthalpy of fusion is a quality inhered in of a solid substance that is the change in its enthalpy resulting from providing energy, typically heat, to a specific quantity of the substance to change its state from a solid to a liquid, at constant pressure. [Wikipedia]

enthalpy of vaporization (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: thermal quality
source: Enthalpy of vaporization
alternative label: enthalpy of vaporization
alternative label: heat of evaporation
alternative label: heat of vaporization
alternative label: latent heat of vaporization
definition: The enthalpy of vaporization is a quality inhered in a liquid substance that is the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to the liquid substance, to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas. [Wikipedia]

specific enthalpy of vaporization (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: enthalpy of vaporization (quality)
alternative label: specific heat of evaporation
alternative label: specific heat of vaporization
alternative label: specific latent heat of vaporization
definition: The specific enthalpy of vaporization is the enthalpy of vaporization referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope]

molar enthalpy of vaporization (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: enthalpy of vaporization (quality)
alternative label: molar enthalpy of vaporization
alternative label: molar heat of evaporation
alternative label: molar heat of vaporization
alternative label: molar latent heat of vaporization
definition: The molar enthalpy of vaporization is the enthalpy of vaporization referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope]

molar enthalpy of fusion (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: enthalpy of fusion (quality)
alternative label: molar enthalpy of fusion
alternative label: molar enthalpy of melting
alternative label: molar enthalpy of melting (quality)
alternative label: molar heat of fusion
alternative label: molar latent heat of fusion
definition: The molar enthalpy of fusion is the enthalpy of fusion referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope]

specific enthalpy of fusion (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: enthalpy of fusion (quality)
alternative label: specific enthalpy of fusion
alternative label: specific enthalpy of melting
alternative label: specific enthalpy of melting (quality)
alternative label: specific heat of melting
alternative label: specific latent heat of melting
definition: The specific enthalpy of fusion is the enthalpy of fusion referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope]

enthalpy of sublimation (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: thermal quality
source: Enthalpy of sublimation
alternative label: enthalpy of sublimation
alternative label: heat of sublimation
definition: The enthalpy of sublimation is a quality inhered in a solid substance that is the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to the solid substance, to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas. [Wikipedia]

specific enthalpy of sublimation (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: enthalpy of sublimation (quality)
alternative label: specific enthalpy of sublimation
alternative label: specific heat of sublimation
definition: The specific enthalpy of sublimation is the enthalpy of sublimation referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope]

molar enthalpy of sublimation (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: enthalpy of sublimation (quality)
alternative label: molar enthalpy of sublimation
alternative label: molar heat of sublimation
definition: The specific enthalpy of sublimation is the enthalpy of sublimation referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope]

count fraction (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: fraction (quality)
definition: The count fraction is a quality pertaining the number of particles of a constituent divided by the total number of particles of all constituents in the mixture. [Allotrope]

refractive index (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: optical quality
definition: The refractive index is an optical quality inhered in a material by virtue of how fast light travels through the material. [Allotrope]

birefringence (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: optical quality
AFX_0002808: OMIT_0003079
alternative label: birefringence
definition: An optical quality of anisotropic material that has a refractive index which depends on the properties of light. [Allotrope]

gain
type: Class
subclass of: ratio
definition: Signal gain is the ratio of magnitude of a quality between a flow of energy incoming to a system (input signal) and the outgoing flow of energy (output signal) used for signaling. [Allotrope]
example: detector gain

circular birefringence (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: birefringence (quality)
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 1993
alternative label: angle of optical rotation
alternative label: polarization rotation
definition: Circular birefringence is the angle through which plane polarized light is rotated clockwise, as seen when facing the light source, in passing through an optically active medium. [IUPAC]

specific rotation (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: birefringence (quality)
source: Specific rotation
definition: Specific rotation is the change in orientation of monochromatic plane-polarized light, per unit distance–concentration product, as the light passes through a sample of a compound in solution. [Wikipedia]

temperature rate (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: thermal quality
alternative label: temperature rate
definition: A temperature rate is a thermal quality which describes the change in temperature over time in some material bearer. [Allotrope]

relative permittivity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: electrical and magnetic quality
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: IUPAC Green Book, 2nd ed., p. 14
alternative label: dielectric constant
alternative label: relative permittivity
alternative label: εr
definition: Relative permittivity is an electrical and magnetic quality inhered in a medium that is the ratio of the electric field strength in vacuum to that in the medium. [IUPAC]

thermal conductance (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: thermal quality
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997)
alternative label: conductance
alternative label: conductance (quality)
alternative label: thermal conductance
definition: Thermal conductance is the quality inhered in a conductor that is the reciprocal of the thermal resistance. [IUPAC]

luminescence (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: optical quality
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997)
alternative label: luminescence
definition: Luminescence is an optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spontaneous emission of radiation from an electronically or vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment. [IUPAC]

angle (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: position (quality)
AFX_0002808: PATO_0002326
definition: An quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's placement at an angle. [PATO]

particle density (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: number density
definition: Particle density is the number density of a population of particles. [Allotrope]

cumulative particle density (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: particle density (quality)
definition: A cumulative particle density is the number density of particles meeting a given criterion. [Allotrope]

differential particle density (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: particle density (quality)
definition: A differential particle density is the number density of particles within a specified range criterion. [Allotrope]

vertical position (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: position (quality)
alternative label: vertical position
definition: A vertical position is a position in a vertical spacial direction. [Allotrope]

above of (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: vertical position (quality)
alternative label: above
alternative label: above of
definition: Above of is a vertical position if the bottom of the bearer's spatial extend along the vertical dimension is higher then then the top of the other. [Allotrope]

below of (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: vertical position (quality)
alternative label: below
alternative label: below of
definition: Below of is a vertical position if the top of the bearer's spatial extend along the vertical dimension is higher then then the bottom of the other. [Allotrope]

electric impedance (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: electrical and magnetic quality
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: Electrical resistance and conductance
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
alternative label: electric impedance
alternative label: impedance
alternative label: impedance (quality)
definition: Electric impedance is the quality inhered in a conductor that is the complex representation of potential difference divided by the complex representation of the current. [IUPAC]

stress (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical quality
alternative label: stress
definition: Stress is a mechanical quality representing the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. [Wikipedia]

Young modulus (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: ratio
alternative label: Young modulus
alternative label: Young's modulus
alternative label: Young's modulus (quality)
alternative label: Youngs modulus
alternative label: Youngs modulus (quality)
alternative label: modulus of elasticity
alternative label: modulus of elasticity (quality)
definition: A Young modulus is the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain of a material. [Allotrope]

eccentricity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: shape (quality)
source: Eccentricity (mathematics)
definition: The eccentricity of a conic section is a non-negative real number that uniquely characterizes its shape. [Wikipedia]

height (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: length (quality)
AFX_0002808: height (quality)
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: height
definition: A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical dimension of extension. [PATO]

dielectric polarization (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: electrical and magnetic quality
AFX_0002818: true
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997).
alternative label: dielectric polarization
definition: Dielectric polarization is the quality inhered in a dielectric that is the difference between the electric displacement vector and the product of the electric field strength with the permittivity of vacuum. [IUPAC]

gloss (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: optical quality
AFX_0002818: true
source: Gloss (optics)
alternative label: specular reflection
definition: Gloss is an optical property which indicates how well a surface reflects light in a specular (mirror-like) direction. [Wikipedia]

relative response (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: ratio
definition: A relative response is the ratio of an analytes device response signal to the device response signal of some reference material. [Allotrope]

rotational speed (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: movement quality
definition: A rotational speed is a movement quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's frequency of rotation. [Allotrope]

circularity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: shape (quality)
definition: A circularity is a shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the two-dimensional roundness of an entity. [Allotrope]

polymer length (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: length (quality)
definition: A polymer length is the length of a polymer chain at maximum extension. [Allotrope]

hydrogen-bond acidity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance quality
definition: A hydrogen-bond acidity is a quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to act as a hydrogen bond donor. [Allotrope]

hydrogen-bond basicity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance quality
definition: A hydrogen-bond basicity is a quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to act as a hydrogen bond acceptor. [Allotrope]

steric resistance (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: structure
definition: A steric resistance is a quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to insertion of bulky molecules. [Allotrope]

resonance (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
definition: A resonance (quality) is a quality inhered in a system by virtue of that system's response to oscillations of the system components at matching frequencies. [Allotrope]

action
type: Class
subclass of: plan
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: task
definition: An action is a unit element in a procedure and is a concretization of an action specification. [Allotrope]

procedure
type: Class
subclass of: plan
definition: A procedure is plan containing multiple activities that are intended to be executed in an order following a procedure specification. [Allotrope]

situation
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000017
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Portion of reality that is realized in some process. [Allotrope]

configuration
type: Class
subclass of: situation
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: constitution
alternative label: physique
alternative label: structure
definition: A specific combination of qualities that the bearer realizes at some time. [Allotrope]

environmental situation
type: Class
subclass of: situation
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: environment
definition: A situation that is realized in a processes outside the system boundary of an operation situation of a device. [Allotrope]
example: example: humid conditions

operational situation
type: Class
subclass of: situation
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: operation
change note: 2019-09-20 Moved, an operational situation is not necessarily an environmental situation. [Allotrope]
definition: The situation when a device is performing its intended function. [Allotrope]

transition
type: Class
subclass of: situation
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A transition is a situation that is realized when one or more preceding processes end and the one or more succeeding processes begin. [Allotrope]

trigger
type: Class
subclass of: situation
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A realizable entity that when realized coincides with the start of some intended or causally dependent process. [Allotrope]

chemical disposition
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000016
alternative label: chemical agent
definition: A disposition of a portion of material to react with other materials in a specific way by nature of its chemical composition. [Allotrope]

detergent
type: Class
subclass of: surfactant
AFX_0002808: CHEBI_27780
AFX_0002808: OMIT_0005178
definition: A surfactant (or a mixture containing one or more surfactants) disposed to having cleaning properties in dilute solutions. [ChEBI]

surfactant
type: Class
subclass of: surface-active disposition
AFX_0002808: CHEBI_35195
definition: The disposition to lower the surface tension of the medium in which the material is dissolved, and/or the interfacial tension with other phases, and, accordingly, is positively adsorbed at the liquid/vapor and/or at other interfaces. [ChEBI]

surface-active disposition
type: Class
subclass of: chemical disposition
alternative label: surface-active agent
definition: A surface-active agent is a disposition of a portion of material to react or interact with the surface of other materials. [Allotrope]

chemical reaction disposition
type: Class
subclass of: chemical disposition
definition: A chemical reaction disposition is a disposition inhered in a reaction mixture. [Allotrope]

reaction selectivity disposition
type: Class
subclass of: chemical reaction disposition
definition: A reaction selectivity disposition is a disposition of a reaction mixture to have a reaction selectivity. [Allotrope]

hysteresis
type: Class
subclass of: configuration
definition: Hysteresis is the time-based dependence of a system's output on present and past inputs. The dependence arises because the history affects the value of an internal state. To predict its future outputs, either its internal state or its history must be known. [Wikipedia]

Auger spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A plot of intensity vs. kinetic energy obtained when a high energy photon ionizes a core electron and an electron from a higher energy level descends to take its place, releasing sufficient energy to eject a second so-called 'Auger' electron. [CHMO]

differential scanning calorimetry curve
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: DSC curve
alternative label: DSC heating curve
alternative label: DSC plot
alternative label: DSC thermogram
alternative label: DSC thermograms
definition: A plot of enthalpy vs. temperature obtained by measuring the enthalpy required to increase the temperature of a sample as a function of temperature. [CHMO]

microwave spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: microwave spectra
definition: A plot of emission vs. wavelength obtained through a Fourier transform of the time series of the radiation emitted by a sample of gas phase molecules that have been excited by a microwave-frequency pulse. [CHMO]

conversion spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: conversion spectra
definition: A plot of a quantity related to the absorption, for example absorbance or cross section, multiplied by the quantum yield for the process considered against a measure of photon energy such as frequency, wavenumber or wavelength. [CHMO]

photoelectron spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: photoelectron spectra
definition: A plot of photoelectron count vs. kinetic energy. [CHMO]

circular dichroism spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: CD spectra
alternative label: CD spectrum
alternative label: circular dichroic spectra
alternative label: circular dichroic spectrum
alternative label: circular dichroism (CD) spectra
alternative label: circular dichroism spectra
definition: A plot of ellipticity vs. wavelength obtained by measuring the differential absorption of left- and right-handed circularly polarized photon radiation as a function of wavelength. [CHMO]

alpha-particle spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: alpha particle spectra
alternative label: alpha particle spectrum
alternative label: alpha-particle spectra
alternative label: α-particle spectra
alternative label: α-particle spectrum
definition: A plot of alpha-particle count vs. energy obtained by measuring the number and kinetic energies of alpha-particles emitted by a sample. [CHMO]

structure data
type: Class
subclass of: description
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Data obtained from a structure determination method. [CHMO]

voltammogram
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: voltammetric profile
definition: A plot of cell current vs. the potential between the indicator and reference electrodes obtained from a voltammetry experiment. [CHMO]

chemical map
type: Class
subclass of: description
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A data set derived from chemical imaging consisting of a three-dimensional image where two axes describe the x and y spatial dimensions and the third dimension represents spectral wavelength. The image is obtained by stacking one image per spectral wavelength sequentially. [CHMO]

isothermal titration calorimetry curve
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: ITC curve
alternative label: ITC curves
alternative label: ITC-curve
alternative label: isothermal titration calorimetric curve
definition: A plot of energy vs. time obtained from the measurement of the heat evolved during a chemical or biochemical reaction (such as protein--receptor binding). [CHMO]

gamma-ray spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: gamma ray spectra
alternative label: gamma ray spectrum
alternative label: gamma-ray spectra
alternative label: γ-ray spectra
alternative label: γ-ray spectrum
definition: A plot of gamma-ray count vs. energy spectrum obtained by measuring the number and energy of gamma-rays emitted or absorbed by a sample. [CHMO]

electropherogram
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An electropherogram is the outcome of a capillary electrophoresis that reports the response of a detector as a function of time. [Allotrope]

fluorescence emission spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: luminescence spectrum
alternative label: fluorescence spectra
definition: A plot of intensity against wavelength obtained by measuring the amount of radiation emitted by a sample through fluorescence against the frequency of the incident radiation. [CHMO]

electron energy-loss spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: EELS spectra
alternative label: EELS spectrum
alternative label: electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectra
alternative label: electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectrum
alternative label: electron energy-loss spectra
definition: A plot of intensity vs. energy loss obtained by measuring the energy lost by electrons on interacting with a surface. [CHMO]

excitation spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
definition: An excitation spectrum is a plot of the spectral radiant exitance or of the spectral photon exitance against the frequency (or wavenumber, or wavelength) of excitation. [IUPAC]

photoacoustic spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: photoacoustic spectra
definition: A plot of intensity vs. wavelength obtained by measuring the sound emitted when a gaseous sample is exposed to an intense laser beam, which is rapidly interrupted by a rotating slotted disk. [CHMO]

adsorption-desorption isotherm
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: adsorption/desorption isotherm
definition: A plot of relative pressure vs. volume adsorbed obtained by measuring the amount of an inert gaseous or liquid substance (the 'sorbent', usually H2 or N2) which adsorbs onto the surface of interest (the 'sorbate'), and the subsequent amount that desorbs at a constant temperature. [CHMO]

data point
type: Class
subclass of: description
AFX_0002808: Observation
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A data point is the single point in a coordinate space. [Allotrope]

peak group
type: Class
subclass of: peak list
change note: 2018-07-19 Changed definition, relaxed restriction. [Allotrope]
definition: A peak group is a user defined set of peaks for which summed peak facet data is expected. [Allotrope]
example: A common example is for alkanes such as heptanes. Often all of the isomers (C7H16, CH3CH2(CH3)C4H10, C2H5CH2(CH3)C3H8, CH3CH2(CH2CH3)C3H8, etc) are reported as a single value.
example: Sum of all peak areas in the group.

chromatogram
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A chromatogram is a distribution function of a detector signal (such as ion count or absorbance) versus time of acquisition or versus volume of analyte. [Allotrope]

infrared spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: IR spectra
alternative label: IR spectrum
alternative label: infra-red spectra
alternative label: infra-red spectrum
alternative label: infrared (IR) spectra
alternative label: infrared (IR) spectrum
alternative label: infrared spectra
definition: A plot of absorbance or transmittance vs. wavelength/wavenumber/frequency obtained by measuring the absorption or transmission of infrared radiation by a sample. [CHMO]

nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: NMR spectra
alternative label: NMR spectrum
alternative label: nuclear magnetic resonance spectra
definition: Any spectrum that shows the response of spin-active nuclei to radio frequency radiation in an applied magnetic field. [CHMO]

optical extinction spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: optical transmission spectrum
definition: A plot of extinction (or transmittance) vs. wavelength (or wavenumber) obtained by measuring the amount of radiation transmitted through a sample as a function of the wavelength of the incident radiation. Optical extinction spectra can also be derived theoretically. [CHMO]

atomic spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: atomic spectra
definition: A plot of absorption or emission radiation vs. frequency that reflects the internal degrees of freedom of an atom, obtained in an experiment where the sample is vaporized and then atomized. [CHMO]

inelastic tunneling spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: IET spectra
alternative label: IET spectrum
alternative label: inelastic tunneling spectra
alternative label: inelastic tunnelling spectra
alternative label: inelastic tunnelling spectrum
definition: A plot of current (or a first or higher derivative of current with respect to voltage) vs. voltage obtained by measuring the tunneling current through a metal-oxide-metal sandwich. Molecules are adsorbed onto the oxide and these molecules can affect the tunneling via the excitation of vibrational states. [CHMO]

melting curve
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
source: Melting curve analysis
definition: A melting curve is the data distribution function over temperature that is the output of a melting curve analysis. Melting curve analysis is an assessment of the dissociation characteristics of double-stranded DNA during heating. As the temperature is raised, the double strand begins to dissociate leading to a rise in the absorbance intensity, hyperchromicity. [Wikipedia]

gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: GEMMA spectra
alternative label: GEMMA spectrum
definition: A plot of electrophoretic mobility diameter vs. particle count generated by separating singly-charged complexes in air under the influence of an electric field. [CHMO]

certificate
type: Class
subclass of: description
definition: A certificate refers to the confirmation of certain characteristics of an object, person or organization. This confirmation is often, but not always, provided by some form of external review, education, assessment, or audit. Accreditation is a specific organization's process of certification. [Wikipedia]

action spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: action spectra
definition: A plot of a relative biological or chemical photoresponse per number of incident photons against wavelength or energy of radiation under the same radiant power of light. [CHMO]

oximetry spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: oximetric data
alternative label: oximetry data
alternative label: oximetry spectra
definition: A plot of % oxygen vs. time, measured during a process where oxygen is consumed or evolved. [CHMO]

acoustic emission spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: acoustic emission spectra
definition: A plot of decibels vs. frequency obtained by measuring the amount of noise generated by a sample as a function of frequency of incident radiation. [CHMO]

flow curve
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A plot of stress vs. flow rate obtained from rheological measurements. [CHMO]

X-ray spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: X-ray spectra
definition: A plot of intensity vs. energy obtained by measuring the number and energy of X-rays absorbed or emitted by a sample. [CHMO]

beta-particle spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: beta particle spectra
alternative label: beta particle spectrum
alternative label: beta-particle spectra
alternative label: β-particle spectra
alternative label: β-particle spectrum
definition: A plot of beta-particle count vs. energy obtained by measuring the number and energy of beta-particles emitted by a sample. [CHMO]

Tauc plot
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A plot of e vs hv where e is the molar extinction coefficient, that is used to determine the optical gap (or 'Tauc gap') in amorphous thin film materials. [CHMO]

peak
type: Class
subclass of: data region
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A peak is a data region containing a single local extremum in the dependent variable of the distribution function. [Allotrope]

electromagnetic radiation spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
source: Electromagnetic spectrum
alternative label: EMR spectrum
alternative label: electromagnetic spectrum
definition: The electromagnetic radiation spectrum is the range of frequencies (the spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies. [Wikipedia]

peak list
type: Class
subclass of: description
AFX_0002798: true
definition: Collection of peaks or peak groups for a specific purpose. [Allotrope]

incident photon conversion efficiency spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: IPCE spectrum
alternative label: incident photon conversion efficiency spectra
alternative label: incident photon to collected electron (IPCE) spectra
alternative label: incident photon to collected electron (IPCE) spectrum
alternative label: incident photon to collected electron spectra
alternative label: incident photon to current collection efficiency spectrum
alternative label: incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency spectrum
alternative label: incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectrum
alternative label: incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency spectrum
definition: A plot of incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) vs. wavelength obtained from a solar or photovoltaic cell. [CHMO]

mass spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 85, No. 7, pp. 1515–1609, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06
alternative label: mass spectra
definition: A mass spectrum is a data distribution function that plots the relative abundances of ions forming a beam or other collection as a function of their m/z values. [IUPAC]
note: The term is a misnomer because it is m/z rather than mass that is the independent variable in a mass spectrum. [IUPAC]

titration curve
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: titration data
alternative label: titration plot
definition: A plot of volume of titrant vs. an independent variable (e.g., pH or enthalpy) obtained from a titration experiment. [CHMO]

luminescence spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A plot of intensity against wavelength obtained by measuring the amount of radiation emitted by a sample through luminescence against the frequency of the incident radiation. [CHMO]

Mossbauer spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: Moessbauer spectra
alternative label: Moessbauer spectrum
alternative label: Mossbauer spectra
alternative label: Mössbauer spectra
alternative label: Mössbauer spectrum
definition: A plot of intensity vs. velocity obtained by measuring the intensity and kinetic energy of a beam of gamma-rays transmitted through a solid sample. [CHMO]

electronic absorption spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A plot of absorbance vs. wavelength, obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation, which reflects the electronic degrees of freedom of an atom or molecule. [CHMO]

Raman spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: Raman spectra
definition: A plot of intensity vs. Raman shift (cm-1) obtained by measuring the Raman scattering of monochromatic light from a sample. [CHMO]

total ion current profile
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
source: Murray, K., Boyd, R., Eberlin, M., et al. (2013). Definitions of terms relating to mass spectrometry (IUPAC Recommendations 2013). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 85(7), pp. 1515-1609. Retrieved 9 May. 2019, from doi:10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06
definition: A total ion current profile is a data distribution function of the total ion current recorded as function of time or time dependent sampling. [Allotrope]

prediction
type: Class
subclass of: proposition
source: Prediction
alternative label: forecast
change note: 2019-05-10 Generalized term. [Allotrope]
definition: A prediction or forecast is a proposition about a future event. [Wikipedia]

calibration curve
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
change note: 2019-08-19 Moved under data distribution function. [Allotrope]
definition: The calibration curve is a data distribution function of the instrumental response, the so-called analytical signal, changed with the concentration of the analyte (the substance to be measured). [Wikipedia]

analysis sequence
type: Class
subclass of: request queue
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Linear procedure specification that specifies analysis. [Allotrope]

analytical method
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
AFX_0002798: true
definition: An analysis method is a plan specification that specifies an analysis. [Allotrope]

cubic interpolation algorithm
type: Class
subclass of: polynomial interpolation algorithm
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An interpolation algorithm using cubic polynomials. [Allotrope]

interpolation algorithm
type: Class
subclass of: algorithm
AFX_0002818: true
change note: 2022-11-28 Changed defintion. [Allotrope]
definition: An interpolation algorithm is an algorithm about interpolation that specifies the way an interpolation process is carried out. [Allotrope]

linear interpolation algorithm
type: Class
subclass of: polynomial interpolation algorithm
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Linear interpolation is a method of curve fitting using linear polynomials to construct new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points. [Wikipedia]

log
type: Class
subclass of: description
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: event log
alternative label: event protocol
alternative label: protocol
definition: A log is a list of related log entries. [Allotrope]

log entry
type: Class
subclass of: description
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: protocol entry
definition: A log entry is a list item representing a recorded event. [Allotrope]

quality profile control command
type: Class
subclass of: action specification
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A quality profile control command is an action specification about a quality process profile. [Allotrope]

level of measurement
type: Class
subclass of: classification
AFX_0002818: true
source: Level of measurement
alternative label: measurement scale
definition: Level of measurement is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables. [Wikipedia]

nominal scale
type: Class
subclass of: level of measurement
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A classification that only introduces categorical values. [Allotrope]

ordinal scale
type: Class
subclass of: level of measurement
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A classification of measurement that introduces equality and rank-ordering. [Allotrope]

interval scale
type: Class
subclass of: level of measurement
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A scale that is based on equal quantitative intervals. [Allotrope]

ratio scale
type: Class
subclass of: level of measurement
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A scale that introduces a zero as origin and allows equality, rank-ordering, equality of intervals and equality of ratios. [Allotrope]

log-interval scale
type: Class
subclass of: level of measurement
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A log-interval scale is a type of measurement scale that classifies values based on logarithmic intervals. [Allotrope]

cyclic scale
type: Class
subclass of: level of measurement
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A cyclic scale is a type of measurement scale that classifies values based on recurring intervals. [Allotrope]
example: angle
example: orientation
example: weekday

counts
type: Class
subclass of: level of measurement
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Counts are like ratio scale that they have a zero point but there are no meaningful fractional units. [Allotrope]

classification
type: Class
subclass of: proposition
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A classification is a proposition that categorizes things into classes or collections of things differentiated by some criteria. [Allotrope]

identifier
type: Class
subclass of: facet
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: ID
definition: An identifier is a name that identifies (that is, labels the identity of) either a unique object or a unique class of objects, where the "object" or class may be an idea, physical [countable] object (or class thereof), or physical [uncountable] substance (or class thereof). [Wikipedia]

globally unique identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A globally unique identifier is an identifier whose uniqueness is guaranteed in a decentralized way by following a certain algorithm in its creation. [Allotrope]
example: a UUID

local identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An identifier that uniquely denotes objects only within the scope of a specific object aggregate and that is not registered in an identifier registry. [Allotrope]

quantity range
type: Class
subclass of: range
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A range that describes a range of quantity values using the same unit. [Allotrope]

list index
type: Class
subclass of: index
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A list index is a type of index that is related to a list item in a collection. [Allotrope]

description
type: Class
subclass of: proposition
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A description is a proposition about an existing entity. [Allotrope]

facet
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A facet is a partial information that contains an aspect of some information content entity or parts of it when participating in some process. The facet abstracts of the concrete representation of this aspect of information. [Allotrope]

factor
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical facet
AFX_0002808: OntoDT_442100
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A multiplicand in a mathematical product expression. [Allotrope]

complex factor
type: Class
subclass of: factor
AFX_0002808: OntoDT_460533
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A factor with a complex number as value. [Allotrope]

integer factor
type: Class
subclass of: factor
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A factor with a integer number as value. [Allotrope]

real factor
type: Class
subclass of: factor
AFX_0002808: OntoDT_267718
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A factor with a real number as value. [Allotrope]

index
type: Class
subclass of: facet
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A facet that represents some strictly ordered key in an associative array or the position of a member in a list. [Allotrope]

matrix index
type: Class
subclass of: index
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An index that denotes some matrix component. [Allotrope]

tensor index
type: Class
subclass of: index
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An index that denotes some tensor component. [Allotrope]

vector index
type: Class
subclass of: index
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An index that denotes some vector component. [Allotrope]

order
type: Class
subclass of: facet
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An order facet adds information of the ordering of some information in an aggregation of information. [Allotrope]

predecessor
type: Class
subclass of: order
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A predecessor is an order facet of an information content entity that refers to the information content entity immediately before it in a containing list. [Allotrope]

successor
type: Class
subclass of: order
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A successor is an order facet of an information content entity that refers to the information content entity immediately after it in a containing list. [Allotrope]

radix
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical facet
AFX_0002808: OntoDT_701140
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: base
definition: In mathematical numeral systems, the radix or base is the number of unique digits, including zero, used to represent numbers in a positional numeral system. [Wikipedia]

size
type: Class
subclass of: facet
AFX_0002808: OntoDT_447351
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Size is the number of members of some collection of data. [Allotrope]

time
type: Class
subclass of: facet
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: timestamp
change note: 2018-10-29 Changed pref label to time, timestamp is alt label [Allotrope]
definition: A time is a facet that adds temporal information to an information content entity about the point in time when the information content entity it is participating in the some process. [Allotrope]
note: Duration is a close match, but is about a time interval.
note: This facet can have multiple representational forms, e.g. XML dateTime or QUDT time quantity values.

procedure specification
type: Class
subclass of: specification
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: flow specification
alternative label: protocol
alternative label: workflow specification
definition: A specification on the order, transitions and trigger of multiple action specifications that are part of some aggregate action specification. [Allotrope]

polynomial interpolation algorithm
type: Class
subclass of: interpolation algorithm
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An interpolation algorithm using polynomials. [Allotrope]

quadratic interpolation algorithm
type: Class
subclass of: polynomial interpolation algorithm
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An interpolation algorithm using cubic polynomials. [Allotrope]

action specification
type: Class
subclass of: specification
AFX_0002818: true
replaces: AFP_0002822
alternative label: command
alternative label: instruction
definition: A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take. [IAO]

process command
type: Class
subclass of: action specification
AFX_0002818: true
replaces: AFP_0001765
definition: An action specification that specifies an event within a process when the specified activity is realized. [Allotrope]
note: The events are modeled after the ISA-S88 process commands. [Allotrope]

function specification
type: Class
subclass of: participant specification
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A specification that specifies a participant in a process by the function it bears in it. [Allotrope]

sequential procedure specification
type: Class
subclass of: procedure specification
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: event table
alternative label: linear procedure specification
alternative label: sequence specification
change note: 2018-10-19 Changed pref label [Allotrope]
definition: A procedure specification with a linear ordered collection of action specifications. [Allotrope]

peak facet
type: Class
subclass of: data region facet
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A facet that is part of a peak. [Allotrope]

peak height
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
AFX_0002811: AFX_0000287
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A peak facet that denotes the ordinate value of the peak extremum offset by the baseline ascribed to the peak. [Allotrope]

relative peak height
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
AFX_0002811: AFX_0000828
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: peak height (relative)
change note: 2018-07-19 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: A peak facet that denotes the height of the peak relative to some other peak or summation of peaks. [Allotrope]

step size
type: Class
subclass of: facet
AFX_0002811: AFX_0000180
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: increment
definition: The difference between two discrete points next to each other in a range of discrete values. [Allotrope]
example: A device property can be set between a minimum and maximum value but only in steps of the increment value. [Allotrope]
example: Step size of sweeping over 2Theta, unit ° [Allotrope]

duration
type: Class
subclass of: process quantification facet
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: time
change note: 2019-07-04 Moved under process quantification facet in taxonomy. [Allotrope]
definition: A measure of the magnitude of the time region in which the process occurs. [Allotrope]

measurement time
type: Class
subclass of: time
AFX_0002818: true
definition: The date/time of the measurement. [Allotrope]

process property
type: Class
subclass of: description
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A description of a fundamental characteristic of a process. [Allotrope]

rate
type: Class
subclass of: process quantification facet
AFX_0002818: true
change note: 2019-07-04 Moved under process quantification facet in taxonomy. [Allotrope]
definition: A measure of the magnitude of change of some participating entity per amount of time relative to other processes having similar changes. [Allotrope]

observation
type: Class
subclass of: description
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An observation is a description of a portion of reality that has been observed during an observing process. [Allotrope]

number of sampled points
type: Class
subclass of: size
AFX_0002811: AFX_0000663
AFX_0002818: true
definition: The number of points is the total number of points sampled during a measurement. [Allotrope]
example: In a spectrum, the number of points is the total number of peak positions.
example: number of quick slope points in UV/VIS

specification
type: Class
subclass of: proposition
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: directive information entity
definition: A specification is a proposition about the intended purpose or design of an entity. [Allotrope]

tensor datum
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical object
AFX_0002818: true
source: Tensor
alternative label: tensor
alternative label: tensor value
definition: In mathematics, tensors are geometric objects that describe linear relations between geometric vectors, scalars, and other tensors. Elementary examples of such relations include the dot product, the cross product, and linear maps. The tensor datum is a facet that uses a tensor as an abstract mathematical description. [Wikipedia]

higher-order tensor datum
type: Class
subclass of: tensor datum
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: higher-order tensor
alternative label: higher-order tensor value
definition: A tensor with order greater than 2. [Allotrope]

matrix datum
type: Class
subclass of: tensor datum
AFX_0002818: true
source: Matrix (mathematics)
alternative label: matrix
alternative label: matrix value
definition: In mathematics, a matrix (plural matrices) is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns. [Wikipedia]

scalar datum
type: Class
subclass of: tensor datum
AFX_0002818: true
source: Scalar (mathematics)
alternative label: scalar
alternative label: scalar value
definition: A scalar is an element of a field which is used to define a vector space. [Wikipedia]
editorial note: review of definition needed

vector datum
type: Class
subclass of: tensor datum
AFX_0002818: true
source: Euclidean vector
alternative label: Euclidean vector
alternative label: geometric vector
alternative label: vector
alternative label: vector value
definition: In mathematics, physics, and engineering, a Euclidean vector (sometimes called a geometric or spatial vector, or—as here—simply a vector) is a geometric object that has magnitude (or length) and direction. [Wikipedia]

vector integer datum
type: Class
subclass of: vector number datum
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: integer vector
alternative label: integer vector datum
definition: A number vector datum is a vector datum that has only integer scalar components. [Allotrope]

vector number datum
type: Class
subclass of: vector datum
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: number vector
alternative label: number vector datum
alternative label: number vector value
definition: A vector number datum is a vector datum that has only numeric scalar components. [Allotrope]

vector quantity datum
type: Class
subclass of: vector datum
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: quantity vector
alternative label: quantity vector datum
alternative label: quantity vector value
definition: A vector quantity datum is a vector datum that has only quantity value scalar components. [Allotrope]

time datum
type: Class
subclass of: scalar quantity datum
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: time
alternative label: time interval
alternative label: time value
definition: A time datum is a type of datum that quantifies a duration of time or is about a time interval. [Allotrope]

scalar range datum
type: Class
subclass of: scalar datum
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: scalar range
alternative label: scalar range value
definition: A scalar range datum is a type of datum that is about range quantified by a scalar value. [Allotrope]

quality specification
type: Class
subclass of: participant specification
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A specification that specifies the determinate range of some quality. [Allotrope]

capability specification
type: Class
subclass of: function specification
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A capability specification specifies some function that the target of the specification inheres. This capability can be restricted to a specific situation. [Allotrope]

parameter specification
type: Class
subclass of: participant specification
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A participant specification which specifies an information object that has the contextual role of a parameter in the realized process. [Allotrope]
example: A parameter specification can include a formal name, a datatype, a shape or range of values if the parameter is a datum.
note: A parameter specification is about a parameter. It is a parameter itself only in the context of a specification process.

result specification
type: Class
subclass of: participant specification
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A participant specification that specifies a information objects that have the contextual role of a result in the realized process. [Allotrope]

role specification
type: Class
subclass of: participant specification
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A specification that specifies a participant in a process by the general role it plays in it. [Allotrope]

transition specification
type: Class
subclass of: situation specification
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A specification about the transition between two or more actions. [Allotrope]

trigger specification
type: Class
subclass of: situation specification
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A trigger specification is a situation specification that specifies a trigger. [Allotrope]

situation specification
type: Class
subclass of: specification
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A specification of a circumstances (process). [Allotrope]

scalar integer datum
type: Class
subclass of: scalar number datum
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: scalar integer value
definition: A datum that is an integer value. [Allotrope]

scalar decimal datum
type: Class
subclass of: scalar number datum
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A datum that is a decimal value. [Allotrope]

scalar floating point number datum
type: Class
subclass of: scalar number datum
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A datum that is a IEEE floating point value. [Allotrope]

scalar categorical datum
type: Class
subclass of: scalar datum
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: scalar nominal datum
definition: A scalar categorical datum is a type of datum that describes something based on a scalar value for a kind of category. [Allotrope]

scalar number datum
type: Class
subclass of: scalar datum
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A scalar datum that has a numeric value. [Allotrope]

scalar quantity datum
type: Class
subclass of: scalar datum
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: scalar quantity
alternative label: scalar quantity value
definition: A scalar quantity datum is a type of datum that is about a quantity and quantifies by a scalar value. [Allotrope]

proposition
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
AFX_0002818: true
source: Part3V3.pdf
alternative label: assertion
alternative label: content
alternative label: statement
definition: A proposition is an information content entity that is statement or assertion that has a truth value. [Allotrope]

representation form
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
AFX_0002818: true
source: Part3V3.pdf
definition: A representation form is a type of information content entity that represents an entity in a certain way. [Allotrope]
example: plot as representation form of a temperature profile

model
type: Class
subclass of: description
AFX_0002808: MAMO_0000037
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A model is a purposeful simplified description of a part of reality that focuses on specific aspects. [Allotrope]

theory
type: Class
subclass of: description
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A model that explains some principle rules about something. [Allotrope]

physical domain
type: Class
subclass of: description
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A physical domain is a type of description that covers physical objects. [Allotrope]

participant specification
type: Class
subclass of: specification
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A specification that is part of some action specification that specifies some continuant that when the concretized action is realized becomes a participant playing some (contextual) role in the process. [Allotrope]

isobar (nuclide)
type: Class
subclass of: classification datum
AFX_0002818: true
source: Isobar (nuclide)
alternative label: isobar
change note: 2019-05-09 Moved under classification datum. [Allotrope]
definition: Isobar is a classification facet that classifies atoms (nuclides) of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons. Correspondingly, isobars differ in atomic number (or number of protons) but have the same mass number. [Wikipedia]

tuple
type: Class
subclass of: list
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A tuple is a finite ordered list (sequence) of elements. [Wikipedia]

mathematical object
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
AFX_0002818: true
source: Mathematical object
alternative label: abstract object
definition: A mathematical object is an information content entity that is an abstraction in the area of mathematics. It has a formal definition that allows for deductive reasoning and mathematical proofs. [Allotrope]

1-tuple
type: Class
subclass of: tuple
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A 1-tuple is a tuple that is a singleton. [Wikipedia]

2-tuple
type: Class
subclass of: tuple
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A 2-tuple is a tuple that is an ordered pair. [Wikipedia]

3-tuple
type: Class
subclass of: tuple
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A 3-tuple is a tuple that is a triple or triplet. [Wikipedia]

configuration specification
type: Class
subclass of: situation specification
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A configuration specification is a situation specification that is about a realized configuration inhered in a specification target. [Allotrope]

registry
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
AFX_0002818: true
change note: 2019-05-10 Moved up in hierarchy [Allotrope]
definition: A registry is information content entity that is an aggregate of designations. [Allotrope]

data distribution function
type: Class
subclass of: description
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A description of distribution of a quantity with respect to a set of parameters. [Allotrope]
note: This can be the result of a measurement, simulation or prediction. [Allotrope]

molecular structure
type: Class
subclass of: description
definition: A molecular structure is a description of the type and arrangement of the atoms and the direction of bonds linking atoms that constitute a molecule. [Allotrope]

peak area
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
change note: 2018-07-19 Definition changed. [Allotrope]
definition: A peak facet that quantitates the area enclosed by a peak and the selected baseline. [Allotrope]

peak position
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
definition: A peak facet that denotes the abscissa value of the extrema (maxima or minima) attributed to the peak in a data description function. The extrema is often determined through a mathematical fitting of measurement signals to eliminate spurious extrema due to noise. [Allotrope]

peak width
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
AFX_0002811: AFX_0000276
change note: 2018-08-01 Changed definition [Allotrope]
definition: A peak facet denoting its width at a specified peak height or variance. [Allotrope]

peak asymmetry
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
change note: 2018-07-19 Definition changed. [Allotrope]
definition: A peak facet that describes the deviation of the peak's distribution from symmetry about its mean. [Allotrope]

slope
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical facet
source: Slope
definition: Slope is a mathematical facet of a line that describes both the direction and the steepness of the line. [Wikipedia]

point
type: Class
subclass of: graph
alternative label: dot
alternative label: two-dimensional point
definition: A point is a two-dimensional figure that represents a zero-dimensional spacial region. [Allotrope]

figure facet
type: Class
subclass of: facet
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A figure facet is a facet that is part of a figure. [Allotrope]

assignment
type: Class
subclass of: proposition
definition: An assignment is a proposition that is an assertion of some relation between entities. [Allotrope]

timebase
type: Class
subclass of: description
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A timebase is a description that is about a point in time (process boundary or zero dimensional temporal region) that has the role of a temporal reference. [Allotrope]

mathematical facet
type: Class
subclass of: facet
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A facet that is part of a mathematical expression, formula or equation. [Allotrope]

quantification facet
type: Class
subclass of: facet
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: quantity facet
change note: 2019-07-04 Changed pref label to be more precise. [Allotrope]
change note: 2020-12-01 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: A facet that is part of a quantification of a quality, aggregate or process. [Allotrope]
note: A quantification facet is usually a quantity value or a categorization into some group. It is described by a numeric value together with a unit or a categorical value. [Allotrope]

capability
type: Class
subclass of: proposition
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: capability (proposition)
change note: 2020-12-01 Changed label and definition. [Allotrope]
definition: A capability is a proposition that is about a function, role or quality realized under given conditions. [Allotrope]
note: A capability can be in a description or specification role.

scalar double datum
type: Class
subclass of: scalar floating point number datum
definition: A scalar double datum is a scalar floating point number datum having a IEEE double precision datum (xsd:double). [Allotrope]

measurement metadata
type: Class
subclass of: facet
definition: Measurement metadata is a facet that is part of a information content entity about a measurement that is about the context of the measurement, but not directly about the measurement result or a measurement parameter. [Allotrope]

pH
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: pH (datum)
alternative label: pondus hydrogenii
definition: pH (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution, defined as the decadic logarithm of the reciprocal activity of hydrogen ions. [Allotrope]

absorbance
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 1990, 62, 2167 (Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990))
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 2223 (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996))
alternative label: absorbance (datum)
definition: Absorbance is a quantity facet that quantifies the absorbance as logarithm to the base 10 (linear absorbance) of the incident (prior to absorption) spectral radiant power, divided by the transmitted spectral radiant power. [IUPAC]

acquisition time
type: Class
subclass of: time
definition: The acquisition time is the time when a signal is captured. [Allotrope]

wavelength
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: wavelength (datum)
definition: A wavelength is a facet that quantifies a wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. [Allotrope]

relative peak area
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
alternative label: peak area (relative)
definition: A peak facet that denotes the area of the peak relative to some other peak or summation of peaks. [Allotrope]

peak name
type: Class
subclass of: written name
definition: A peak name is a written name that denotes some peak. [Allotrope]

peak index
type: Class
subclass of: index
definition: A peak index is an index that denotes a peak in a list of peaks. [Allotrope]

peak analyte amount
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
definition: A peak facet that quantitates the amount of analyte attributed to the peak based on a calibration curve, response factor or other quantitative formula. [Allotrope]

relative peak analyte amount
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
definition: A peak facet that denotes the amount of analyte ascribed to a the peak relative to the amount of some other analyte or summation of analytes. [Allotrope]

peak polarity
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
definition: A peak facet that indicates whether the response curve of the peak is above or below the signal baseline. [Allotrope]

peak start
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
definition: A peak facet that denotes the first value of the abscissa that belongs to the peak. [Allotrope]

peak value at start
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
definition: A peak facet that denotes the first value of the ordinate that belongs to the peak. [Allotrope]

peak end
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
definition: A peak facet that denotes the last value of the abscissa that belongs to the peak. [Allotrope]

peak value at end
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
definition: A peak facet that denotes the last value of the ordinate that belongs to the peak. [Allotrope]

peak baseline start code
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
definition: A peak facet that describes the peak start boundary with respect to the signal, integration determined signal baseline or a neighboring peak. [Allotrope]

peak baseline end code
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
definition: A peak facet that describes the peak end boundary with respect to the signal, integration determined signal baseline or a neighboring peak. [Allotrope]

baseline value at start of peak
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
definition: A peak facet that denotes the ordinate value of the baseline of a peak at the peak start time. [Allotrope]

baseline value at end of peak
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
definition: A peak facet that denotes the ordinate value of the baseline of a peak at the peak end time. [Allotrope]

peak point
type: Class
subclass of: data region point
definition: A peak point is a data region point that is a member of a peak. [Allotrope]

peak start point
type: Class
subclass of: data region start point
definition: The peak start point is the data point of the peak with the smallest abscissa value. [Allotrope]

peak end point
type: Class
subclass of: data region end point
definition: The peak end point is the data point of the peak with the largest abscissa value. [Allotrope]

peak maximum point
type: Class
subclass of: peak extremum point
definition: The peak maximum point is the data point of the peak with the largest ordinate value. [Allotrope]

tuple item
type: Class
subclass of: list item
alternative label: tuple element
alternative label: tuple object
definition: A tuple item is an object in a tuple. [Allotrope]

signal-to-noise ratio
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
definition: A peak facet that ratios the peak height value with background level of noise. It is an indication of the sensitivity of a particular method toward the analyte that the peak represents. [Allotrope]

signal-to-noise ratio (RMS)
type: Class
subclass of: signal-to-noise ratio
definition: A signal-to-noise ratio calculated using the Root Mean Square noise method. [Allotrope]

signal-to-noise ratio (peak-to-peak)
type: Class
subclass of: signal-to-noise ratio
alternative label: signal-to-noise (peak-to-peak, EP 2.2.46)
alternative label: signal-to-noise (peak-to-peak, JP-G20)
alternative label: signal-to-noise (peak-to-peak, USP 621)
definition: A signal-to-noise ratio calculated using the peak-to-peak noise method. This includes JP-G20 (measured over optimally 20 X peak width at half height but at least 5 times the peak width at half height), EP 2.2.46 (measured over at least 5 times the peak width at half height), USP 621 (measured over at least 5 times the peak width at half height). [Allotrope]

signal-to-noise ratio (ASTM E1657-98)
type: Class
subclass of: signal-to-noise ratio
definition: A signal-to-noise ratio calculated using the ASTM E1657-98 method. [Allotrope]

peak resolution
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
definition: A peak facet that measures the degree of separation between the peak and another specified peak. [Allotrope]

peak minimum point
type: Class
subclass of: peak extremum point
definition: The peak minimum point is the data point of the peak with the smallest ordinate value. [Allotrope]

peak extremum point
type: Class
subclass of: peak point
definition: The peak extremum point is the data point of the peak with the largest or smallest ordinate value. [Allotrope]

statistical population
type: Class
subclass of: statistical facet
source: Statistical population
alternative label: population
alternative label: population (statistics)
change note: 2019-08-19 Moved under statistical facet. [Allotrope]
definition: In statistics, a population is a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment. A statistical population can be a group of existing objects or a hypothetical and potentially infinite group of objects conceived as a generalization from experience. [Wikipedia]

statistical sample set
type: Class
subclass of: statistical facet
source: Statistical population
alternative label: statistical sample
change note: 2019-08-19 Moved under statistical facet. [Allotrope]
definition: A statistical sample set is a description of a subset of the statistical population, that is chosen to represent the population in a statistical analysis. [Wikipedia]

partition
type: Class
subclass of: collection
definition: A partition is a collection that is an aggregate part of a larger collection. Each member of the partition is also a member of the larger collection. [Allotrope]

descriptive statistic
type: Class
subclass of: statistical facet
source: Descriptive statistics
change note: 2019-08-19 Moved under statistical facet. [Allotrope]
definition: A descriptive statistic is a summary statistic that quantitatively describes or summarizes features of a collection of information. [Wikipedia]

summary datum
type: Class
subclass of: facet
subject: Summary statistics
alternative label: aggregate facet
alternative label: summary facet
definition: A summary datum is a facet of a collection that is about summary information about features of the members of the collection, such as descriptive statistics in order to communicate the largest amount of information as simply as possible. [Allotrope]
example: maximum height of a peak - peak is a collection of peak points, peak height is a facet of each peak point.

position
type: Class
subclass of: facet
AFX_0002818: true
replaces: AFE_0001866
definition: The position is the location of a physical entity. [Allotrope]
example: Geolocation expressed as geographic coordinates
example: Position expressed with respect to a given coordinate system at some time t.
example: Position of a vial on a tray expressed as indexed number.

calibration point
type: Class
subclass of: data point
AFX_0002818: true
change note: 2018-07-23 Replaced deprecated af-p:AFP_0001083
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
change note: 2019-08-19 Moved under data point. [Allotrope]
definition: A calibration point is a single calibration result at a specific test point (one or more reference values). [Allotrope]
example: In pH calibration a point with a set pH and buffer solution.

formulation description
type: Class
subclass of: description
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: composition
alternative label: formulation
definition: The formulation of a material is a data object that describes its composition of ingredients. [Allotrope]

baseline
type: Class
subclass of: description
alternative label: blank reading
change note: 2020-12-11 Add label. [Allotrope]
definition: An information content entity that describes the background (offset) component of a signal not due to the analyte (peak) of interest. [Allotrope]

control setting
type: Class
subclass of: setting
alternative label: control parameter
definition: A control setting is a setting that controls how a process is executed by some system. [Allotrope]

alert setting
type: Class
subclass of: setting
alternative label: alert parameter
definition: An alert setting is a setting that specifies conditions and situations that trigger alerts during the operation of a device. [Allotrope]
example: maximum environment humidity
example: maximum pressure of the fluid for a plumbing system
example: minimum environment temperature for operation

function (math)
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical object
source: Function (mathematics)
alternative label: formula
alternative label: function
alternative label: function (mathematics)
change note: 2018-12-19 Added alt label. [Allotrope]
definition: A function is a process or a relation that associates each element x of a set X, the domain of the function, to a single element y of another set Y (possibly the same set), the codomain of the function. [Wikipedia]

product manufacturer
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
AFX_0002811: AFX_0000333
alternative label: equipment manufacturer
alternative label: manufacturer
definition: A product manufacturer is a symbol that denotes the organizational entity manufacturing some entity with a product role (economic). [Allotrope]

firmware version
type: Class
subclass of: version number
definition: A firmware version is a version number that identifies the firmware of a device. [Allotrope]

firmware
type: Class
subclass of: software
definition: In electronic systems and computing, firmware is "the combination of a hardware device, e.g. an integrated circuit, and computer instructions and data that reside as read only software on that device". As a result, firmware usually cannot be modified during normal operation of the device. Typical examples of devices containing firmware are embedded systems (such as traffic lights, consumer appliances, and digital watches), computers, computer peripherals, mobile phones, and digital cameras. The firmware contained in these devices provides the control program for the device. [Wikipedia]

queue
type: Class
subclass of: list
source: Queue (abstract data type)
definition: In computer science, a queue is a particular kind of abstract data type or collection in which the entities in the collection are kept in order and the principal (or only) operations on the collection are the addition of entities to the rear terminal position, known as enqueue, and removal of entities from the front terminal position, known as dequeue. [Wikipedia]

request queue
type: Class
subclass of: sequential procedure specification
alternative label: measurement queue
definition: A list used to sequence objects and to line up requests for a resource. [NCI]

peak width at baseline
type: Class
subclass of: peak width
definition: The peak width determined at the baseline level. The peak tangents are drawn from the turning points of the leading and trailing edges. Then the points of intersection with the baseline are calculated. The distance between the two points of intersection is the baseline level width. [Allotrope]

peak width at 5 % of height
type: Class
subclass of: peak width
AFX_0002811: AFX_0000577
alternative label: peak width at 5 percent of height
alternative label: peak width at 5% of height
change note: 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope]
definition: The peak width calculated at 5 % of its peak height. [Allotrope]

peak width at half height
type: Class
subclass of: peak width
AFX_0002811: AFX_0000578
definition: The peak width calculated at half of the peak height. [Allotrope]

standard
type: Class
subclass of: specification
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: norm
definition: A standard is a norm or requirement that is established for technical systems. [Wikipedia]

classification datum
type: Class
subclass of: facet
alternative label: classification facet
alternative label: type datum
alternative label: type facet
change note: 2020-12-01 Add alt labels. [Allotrope]
definition: A classification datum is a facet that classifies some entity. [Allotrope]

type specification
type: Class
subclass of: specification
definition: A type specification is a specification of a collection of things by the members of that collection being classified as instance of a class or concept, often with additional constraints. [Allotrope]
example: a SHACL node shape.
example: the humans that live in Berlin.

property specification
type: Class
subclass of: specification
alternative label: attribute specification
alternative label: characteristic specification
alternative label: feature specification
definition: A property specification is a specification about a feature, property, attribute or characteristic. The specification defines constraints on it, such as being an instance of a specific class. [Allotrope]
example: a SHACL property shape

scalar float datum
type: Class
subclass of: scalar floating point number datum
definition: A scalar double datum is a scalar floating point number datum having a IEEE single precision datum (xsd:float). [Allotrope]

decision
type: Class
subclass of: proposition
definition: A decision is a proposition that is a choice made from a set of alternative propositions. [Allotrope]

vector decimal datum
type: Class
subclass of: vector number datum
alternative label: decimal vector
definition: A number vector datum is a vector datum that has only decimal scalar components. [Allotrope]

vector floating point number datum
type: Class
subclass of: vector number datum
alternative label: floating point vector
definition: A number vector datum is a vector datum that has only floating point scalar components. [Allotrope]

vector float datum
type: Class
subclass of: vector floating point number datum
alternative label: float vector
definition: A number vector datum is a vector datum that has only IEEE single precision floating point scalar components. [Allotrope]

vector double datum
type: Class
subclass of: vector floating point number datum
alternative label: double vector
definition: A number vector datum is a vector datum that has only IEEE double precision floating point scalar components. [Allotrope]

plan specification
type: Class
subclass of: specification
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: method
alternative label: plan
alternative label: procedure
alternative label: recipe
change note: 2020-05-11 Added alt labels method and procedure. [Allotrope]
definition: A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. [IAO]
example: To lose weight, go running daily for at least 30 minutes. To isolate plasma from blood, centrifuge tubes at 1100-1300 rpm for 15 minutes. [IAO]

start command
type: Class
subclass of: process command
AFX_0002818: true
replaces: AFP_0002613
alternative label: begin
alternative label: begin command
alternative label: start
definition: A start command is a process command that orders the procedural element to begin executing the normal RUNNING logic. This command is only valid when the procedural element is in the IDLE state. [Allotrope]

setting
type: Class
subclass of: specification
definition: A setting is a specification about a configuration of some controllable system or a situation occurring in a system that triggers a reaction. [Allotrope]
example: A maximum pressure in a plumbing system that triggers a warning.
example: A temperature that is that target temperature setting of a thermostat.

statistical method
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
alternative label: sampling method
alternative label: statistical specification
definition: A statistics method is a specification (method) for sampling a population, quantification of qualities of the samples and applying statistics on the quantified qualities to produce summary information on the population. [Allotrope]

scalar boolean datum
type: Class
subclass of: scalar datum
alternative label: boolean
alternative label: boolean datum
alternative label: boolean value
definition: A scalar datum that has a boolean value. [Allotrope]

scalar string datum
type: Class
subclass of: scalar datum
alternative label: scalar text datum
alternative label: string
alternative label: string datum
alternative label: string value
definition: A scalar datum that has a textual value. [Allotrope]

scalar timestamp datum
type: Class
subclass of: scalar datum
alternative label: scalar datetime datum
alternative label: timestamp
alternative label: timestamp datum
alternative label: timestamp value
definition: A scalar datum that has a timestamp (xsd:dateTime) literal value. [Allotrope]

scalar URI datum
type: Class
subclass of: scalar datum
alternative label: URI
alternative label: URI datum
alternative label: URI value
definition: A scalar datum that has a URI as value. [Allotrope]
note: The URI value is here a literal represented by xsd:anyURI datatype. It is not an RDF resource reference. [Allotrope]

vector boolean datum
type: Class
subclass of: vector datum
alternative label: boolean vector
alternative label: boolean vector datum
alternative label: boolean vector value
definition: A vector boolean datum is a vector datum that has only boolean scalar components. [Allotrope]

vector string datum
type: Class
subclass of: vector datum
alternative label: string vector
alternative label: string vector datum
definition: A vector boolean datum is a vector datum that has only string scalar components. [Allotrope]

vector timestamp datum
type: Class
subclass of: vector datum
alternative label: datetime vector
alternative label: datetime vector datum
alternative label: timestamp vector
alternative label: timestamp vector datum
alternative label: vector datetime datum
definition: A vector boolean datum is a vector datum that has only timestamp scalar components. [Allotrope]

vector URI datum
type: Class
subclass of: vector datum
alternative label: URI vector
alternative label: URI vector datum
definition: A vector URI datum is a vector datum that has only URI scalar components. [Allotrope]

baseline point
type: Class
subclass of: data point
alternative label: baseline data point
definition: A baseline point is a data point that is member of a baseline. [Allotrope]

baseline start point
type: Class
subclass of: baseline point
definition: The baseline start point is the data point of the baseline with the smallest abscissa value. [Allotrope]

baseline end point
type: Class
subclass of: baseline point
AFX_0002798: true
definition: The baseline end point is the data point of the baseline with the largest abscissa value. [Allotrope]

baseline facet
type: Class
subclass of: facet
definition: A baseline facet is a facet that is part of a baseline. [Allotrope]

baseline start
type: Class
subclass of: baseline facet
definition: A baseline facet that denotes the first value of the abscissa that belongs to the baseline. [Allotrope]

baseline end
type: Class
subclass of: baseline facet
definition: A baseline facet that denotes the last value of the abscissa that belongs to the baseline. [Allotrope]

baseline value at start
type: Class
subclass of: baseline facet
definition: A baseline facet that denotes the first value of the ordinate that belongs to the baseline. [Allotrope]

baseline value at end
type: Class
subclass of: baseline facet
definition: A baseline facet that denotes the last value of the ordinate that belongs to the baseline. [Allotrope]

value specification
type: Class
subclass of: specification
definition: A value specification is a specification about constraints on the values of parameters or properties. [Allotrope]
note: The value can be an explicit value, a range of allowed values and the specification can have also pre conditions when the value specification applies. [Allotrope]

state specification
type: Class
subclass of: specification
alternative label: status specification
definition: A state specification is a specification about a state that will be realized in some possible future occurrence. [Allotrope]
example: A specification about a device running, or pausing.

time trigger specification
type: Class
subclass of: trigger specification
definition: A trigger specification that specifies a trigger that triggers after a certain period of time. [Allotrope]

event specification
type: Class
subclass of: specification
definition: An event specification is a specification about a point in time when a specific situation is realized or at process boundary. [Allotrope]

class coordination
type: Class
subclass of: facet
alternative label: concept coordination
alternative label: coordination
alternative label: term coordination
definition: A class coordination is a facet of a definition of a class that expresses some differentia. [Allotrope]

end event specification
type: Class
subclass of: event specification
definition: An end event specification is an event specification that is about the end of some process. [Allotrope]

start event specification
type: Class
subclass of: event specification
definition: A start event specification is an event specification that is about the start of some process. [Allotrope]

parallel procedure specification
type: Class
subclass of: procedure specification
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A parallel procedure specification is a procedure specification having a set of activity specifications, that are to be realized in parallel. [Allotrope]

flow specification
type: Class
subclass of: specification
definition: A flow specification is a specification on how material or information is transferred or exchanged between subsequent activities. It links activity specifications using the direction contextual roles 'to role' and 'from role'. [Allotrope]

material flow specification
type: Class
subclass of: flow specification
definition: A material flow specification is a flow specification about material transfers between processes. [Allotrope]
example: A material produced in a preparation activity is consumed in the next step. A procedure specification of this process contains a material flow specification linking the preparation activity with the consumption activity. [Allotrope]

data flow specification
type: Class
subclass of: flow specification
alternative label: information flow specification
definition: A data flow specification is a flow specification about how information is exchanged between processes. [Allotrope]

definition
type: Class
subclass of: proposition
definition: A definition is a proposition that succinctly characterizes an entity. [Allotrope]

quality quantification facet
type: Class
subclass of: quantification facet
definition: A quality quantification facet is a quantification facet that is a data output of some measurement and quantifies some measured quality. [Allotrope]

temperature
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: temperature (datum)
definition: A temperature (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies some temperature. [Allotrope]

osmolality
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: osmolality (datum)
definition: A osmolality (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies some osmolality. [Allotrope]

electric conductivity
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
alternative label: conductivity
alternative label: conductivity (datum)
alternative label: electric conductivity (datum)
definition: Electrical conductivity is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the reciprocal of resistivity in a conductor. [IUPAC]

relative intensity
type: Class
subclass of: intensity
alternative label: relative intensity (datum)
alternative label: relative response function
alternative label: relative signal intensity
definition: Relative intensity (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies the relative magnitude of a signal. [Allotrope]

wavenumber
type: Class
subclass of: wavelength
alternative label: wavenumber datum
definition: Wavenumber (datum) is a quantity facet that is the reciprocal of the wavelength or the number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. [Allotrope]

interferogram
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
definition: An interferogram is a data distribution function of interference between a reference wave and an experimental wave produced by an interferometer. [Allotrope]

Raman interferogram
type: Class
subclass of: interferogram
definition: A Raman interferogram is an interferogram produced by FT Raman spectroscopy. [Allotrope]

analyte name
type: Class
subclass of: written name
alternative label: substance name
definition: The analyte name is a name of a material that has the role of an analyte in an analysis assay. [Allotrope]

method name
type: Class
subclass of: written name
alternative label: plan specification name
alternative label: recipe name
definition: A method name is a name that denotes a plan specification (method). [Allotrope]

resolution
type: Class
subclass of: description
source: International Vocabulary of Metrology – Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms (VIM 3rd edition) JCGM 200:2012
definition: Resolution is a description of the smallest change in a quality being measured by a sensor (measurement instrument, detector) that causes a perceptible change in the corresponding indication. [Allotrope]

inclusive gateway
type: Class
subclass of: transition specification
definition: An inclusive gateway is a transition specification that has multiple activity successors. The process forks into each succeeding activity of the inclusive gateway where the guard condition is true. [Allotrope]

exclusive gateway
type: Class
subclass of: transition specification
definition: An exclusive gateway is a transition specification that has multiple conditional activity successors and an optional default transition. The guard conditions on the successors are checked and at most one of them must be true at the runtime. If no guard condition is met then the optional default transition is done or the process terminates. [Allotrope]

delay
type: Class
subclass of: process property
alternative label: time offset
definition: A delay is a process property that describes a difference in time between a process boundary and some other point in time. [Allotrope]

stop command
type: Class
subclass of: process command
replaces: AFP_0001299
alternative label: end
alternative label: end command
alternative label: stop
definition: A stop command is a process command that orders the procedural element to execute the stopping logic. [Allotrope]
note: This command is valid when the procedural element is in the running, pausing, paused, holding, held, or restarting state. [ISA-88]

pause command
type: Class
subclass of: process command
replaces: AFP_0002013
alternative label: pause
alternative label: wait
alternative label: wait command
definition: A pause command is a process command that orders the procedural element to pause at the next programmed pause transition within its sequencing logic and await a resume command before proceeding. [Allotrope]
note: This command is only valid in the running state. [ISA-88]

restart command
type: Class
subclass of: process command
replaces: AFP_0002614
alternative label: restart
definition: A restart command is a process command that orders the procedural element to execute the restarting logic to safely return to the running state. [Allotrope]
note: This command is only valid when the procedural element is in the held state. [ISA-88]

abort command
type: Class
subclass of: process command
replaces: AFP_0002615
alternative label: abort
definition: An abort command is a process command that orders the procedural element to execute an aborting logic. [Allotrope]
note: The command is valid in every state except for idle, completed, aborting and aborted. [ISA-88]

hold command
type: Class
subclass of: process command
replaces: AFP_0002617
alternative label: hold
definition: A hold command is a process command that orders the procedural element to execute the holding logic. [Allotrope]
note: This command is valid when the procedural element is in the running, pausing, paused or restarting state. [ISA-88]

reset command
type: Class
subclass of: process command
replaces: AFP_0002616
alternative label: reset
definition: A reset command is a process command that causes a transition to the idle state. [Allotrope]
note: This command is valid from the complete, aborted, and stopped states. [ISA-88]

resume command
type: Class
subclass of: process command
replaces: AFP_0002618
alternative label: resume
definition: A resume command is a process command that orders a procedural element that has paused at a programmed transition as the result of either a pause command or a single step mode to resume execution. [Allotrope]
note: This command is only valid when the procedural element is in the paused state. [ISA-88]

control command
type: Class
subclass of: action specification
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: set command
definition: A control command is an action specification that specifies a setting to be set by a controlling process. [Allotrope]

part specification
type: Class
subclass of: specification
definition: A part specification is a specification about parthood. Targets of this specifications are parts of some whole. [Allotrope]

ingredient specification
type: Class
subclass of: part specification
replaces: AFR_0002032
definition: An ingredient specification is a part specification about ingredients in a portion of mixed materials. [Allotrope]

member specification
type: Class
subclass of: part specification
alternative label: item specification
definition: A member specification is a part specification about members of a collection or an object aggregate. [Allotrope]

component specification
type: Class
subclass of: part specification
definition: A component specification is a part specification about the components of a system. [Allotrope]

grain specification
type: Class
subclass of: part specification
definition: A grain specification is a part specification about the granular parts of a whole. [Allotrope]

facet specification
type: Class
subclass of: part specification
definition: A facet specification is a part specifications about some facet of an information content entity. [Allotrope]

value in range condition
type: Class
subclass of: condition
definition: A condition that is fulfilled if a given value falls into a given range of values. [Allotrope]

boolean condition
type: Class
subclass of: condition
alternative label: flag
alternative label: flag (condition)
alternative label: switch
change note: 2020-12-04 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
definition: A condition that is fulfilled if a given boolean value is equal to the specified boolean value. [Allotrope]

tolerance range
type: Class
subclass of: range
alternative label: accepted deviation
alternative label: allowed deviation
alternative label: tolerance
definition: Range of values of allowed deviation for a given value. [Allotrope]
example: Tolerance range of +/- 1 °C of a temperature value.

state condition
type: Class
subclass of: condition
alternative label: status condition
definition: A condition that is fulfilled if a specified situation occurs. [Allotrope]

mass concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration
alternative label: density
alternative label: mass concentration (datum)
change note: 2020-05-11 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: A mass concentration (datum) is a quantification facet that quantifies a concentration defined as the mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. [Allotrope]

formula (math)
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical object
alternative label: formula
alternative label: formula (mathematics)
definition: A formula is a notation of a term, fact, rule or function expressed in terms of mathematical symbols. [Allotrope]

diagnostic trace
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
alternative label: diagnostic profile
definition: A diagnostic trace is a data distribution function that records the output of some diagnostic monitoring process over time. [Allotrope]

polarity
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: polarity (datum)
definition: Polarity is a quality quantification facet that describes the positive or negative direction of an electrical, acoustical or magnetic force relative to a reference state. [Allotrope]

polarity code
type: Class
subclass of: code
definition: A polarity code is a code that indicates a polarity. [Allotrope]

brand name
type: Class
subclass of: written name
definition: A brand name is a marketed name given by a maker of a product to a product or class of products, especially a trademark. [Allotrope]

part number
type: Class
subclass of: model number
definition: The part number is a model number of a class of device parts, specified by the device manufacturer. [Allotrope]

step interpolation algorithm
type: Class
subclass of: interpolation algorithm
definition: A step interpolation algorithm is an interpolation algorithm where two subsequent points are interpolated by a step function that switches from the first ordinate value to the second ordinate value at the center of the abscissa values. [Allotrope]

software version
type: Class
subclass of: version number
alternative label: firmware version
definition: A version number that identifies software. [Allotrope]

frequency
type: Class
subclass of: rate
definition: A frequency is a rate that quantifies the number of occurrences of some discrete event in a given amount of time. [Allotrope]

process quantification facet
type: Class
subclass of: quantification facet
definition: A process quantification facet is a quantification facet that is the output of some measurement over a process or temporal region. [Allotrope]

length
type: Class
subclass of: size (datum)
definition: Length is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the distance between two points in space. [Allotrope]

correlation coefficient
type: Class
subclass of: statistical facet
source: Correlation coefficient
definition: A correlation coefficient is a numerical measure of some type of correlation, meaning a statistical relationship between two variables. [Wikipedia]

assessment
type: Class
subclass of: proposition
alternative label: evaluation
alternative label: rating
definition: An assessment is a proposition about the judgment on a situation after considering the information known about it. [Allotrope]

volume
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: volume (datum)
definition: A volume datum is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some amount of 3-dimensional space an entity occupies. [Allotrope]

mass
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: mass (datum)
definition: A mass datum is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some amount of matter. [Allotrope]

statistical facet
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical facet
definition: A statistical facet is a mathematical facet that is part of some statistics. [Allotrope]

electric current
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: current
alternative label: current (datum)
alternative label: electric current (datum)
change note: 2020-07-27 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: Current is a quality quantification datum that quantifies the ability to conduct an electrical charge. [PATO]

qualification
type: Class
subclass of: proposition
definition: A qualification is a proposition that an entity meets the requirements of a specific right or objective. [Allotrope]

requirement
type: Class
subclass of: proposition
definition: A requirement is a proposition that states a set of conditions that have to be fulfilled to achieve some specific objective. [Allotrope]
scope note: The goal can be stated in a prescriptive (laws) or directive (plans) way. [Allotrope]

energy (datum)
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: energy
change note: 2020-12-17 Added scope to prefLabel in order to separate from existing duplicate label. [Allotrope]
definition: Energy amount is a quantification of the energy quality of a material or the amount of energy. [Allotrope]
scope note: Energy is a material entity in BFO, so the energy quantification is about is amount quality. Material (matter) can bear energy, in this case it is the quantification of the energy quality.

flow rate
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: flow rate (datum)
definition: Flow rate is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the motion of material through a surface per time. [Allotrope]

universal naming convention
type: Class
subclass of: standard
source: Path (computing)
alternative label: UNC
alternative label: uniform naming convention
definition: The universal naming convention is a specification for the syntax of an identifier for a location of a network resource, such as a shared file, directory or printer in Microsoft Windows. [Allotrope]

voltage
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: voltage (datum)
definition: Voltage is a quality quantification facet which quantifies the difference in electric potential energy between two points per unit electric charge. [Wikipedia]

power
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: power (datum)
definition: Power is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the rate of doing work. [PATO]

pressure
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: pressure (datum)
definition: Pressure is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the mount of force exerted per unit area. [PATO]

file name
type: Class
subclass of: written name
definition: A file name is a name that denotes a file in a file system. It is a local identifier in the scope of the folder the file is located. [Allotrope]

POSIX standard
type: Class
subclass of: standard
source: POSIX
alternative label: POSIX
alternative label: Portable Operating System Interface
definition: POSIX is a family of standards specified by the IEEE Computer Society for maintaining compatibility between operating systems. [Wikipedia]

signature
type: Class
subclass of: facet
source: Signature
definition: A signature is facet that is a proof of identity and intent of a signer towards some information. [Allotrope]

default condition
type: Class
subclass of: condition
alternative label: default
alternative label: fallback
alternative label: fallback condition
definition: A default condition is a condition that is member of a set of conditions that is always true if all others conditions in the collections are false. [Allotrope]
example: A default value in a conditional parameter specification. [Allotrope]
scope note: There must be no more than one default condition in any collection of conditions.

electric conductance
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: Electrical resistance and conductance
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
alternative label: electric conductance (datum)
definition: Electric conductance is the quality quantification facet that quantifies the reciprocal of a the resistance in a conductor. [IUPAC]

electric resistivity
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
alternative label: electric resistivity (datum)
alternative label: resistivity
alternative label: resistivity (datum)
definition: Electric resistivity is the is the quality quantification facet that quantifies the electric field strength divided by the current density when there is no electromotive force in a conductor. [IUPAC]

electric resistance
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: Electrical resistance and conductance
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
alternative label: electric resistance (datum)
alternative label: resistance
alternative label: resistance (datum)
definition: Electric resistance is the quality quantification facet that quantifies the electric potential difference divided by the electric current when there is no electromotive force in a conductor. [IUPAC]

location specification
type: Class
subclass of: specification
definition: A location specification is a specification that specifies the location of something. [Allotrope]
scope note: A location can be a site, a spatial region or a container, anything that is the object of 'ro:located in'. [Allotrope]

weight loss
type: Class
subclass of: mass change
definition: Weight loss is a mass facet that quantifies the difference in weight of a material before and after heating or drying. [Allotrope]

conformance assessment
type: Class
subclass of: assessment
definition: A conformance assessment is an assessment about whether two sources of data conform. [Allotrope]

molar concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration
source: Molar concentration
source: Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
alternative label: amount concentration
alternative label: amount concentration (datum)
alternative label: molar concentration (datum)
alternative label: molar concentration result
alternative label: molarity
alternative label: molarity (datum)
alternative label: substance concentration
alternative label: substance concentration (datum)
definition: A molar concentration (datum) is a quantification facet that quantifies a concentration defined as the amount of substance of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. [Allotrope]

comment
type: Class
subclass of: proposition
AFX_0002808: SIO_001167
source: sio.semanticscience.org
alternative label: remark
definition: A comment is a remark often related to an added piece of information, or an observation or statement. [SIO]

enthalpy
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: Green Book, 2nd ed., p. 48
source: PAC, 1990, 62, 2167. (Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Recommendations 1990)) on page 2187
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)) on page 972
alternative label: enthalpy (datum)
definition: Enthalpy (datum) is a quantification datum that quantifies the internal energy of a system plus the product of pressure and volume. Its change in a system is equal to the heat brought to the system at constant pressure. [IUPAC]

heat capacity
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
source: Heat capacity
alternative label: heat capacity (datum)
definition: Heat capacity is a quantification facet that quantifies the amount of heat to be supplied to a given mass of a material to produce a unit change in its temperature. [Wikipedia]

state facet
type: Class
subclass of: facet
definition: A state facet is a facet that is about some state at a certain time. A state is a process during which some characteristic remains constant. [Allotrope]
example: opening state with states opened or closed
scope note: States that are not likely to change such as qualities are not described by state facets. Being of a certain mass is a state, but a facet that describes this would usually be usually considered a quantification facet instead of a state facet. [Allotrope]

particle size
type: Class
subclass of: size (datum)
alternative label: particle size (datum)
definition: Particle size (datum) is a size datum that quantifies the dimensions of an individual particle. [Allotrope]

content specification
type: Class
subclass of: part specification
definition: A content specification is a part specification that specifies a contained portion of material of a container. [Allotrope]

concentration
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: concentration (datum)
definition: A concentration (datum) is a quantification facet that quantifies a quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. [Allotrope]

elapsed time
type: Class
subclass of: duration
definition: Elapsed time is a duration measured from a specific reference time point or timebase. [Allotrope]

heat transfer coefficient
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
source: Heat transfer coefficient
alternative label: heat transfer coefficient (datum)
alternative label: heat transfer coefficient result
definition: A heat transfer coefficient is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the proportionality constant between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat. [Wikipedia]

angular velocity
type: Class
subclass of: velocity
alternative label: angular velocity (datum)
alternative label: angular velocity result
definition: A angular velocity datum is quality quantification facet that quantifies how fast an object rotates or revolves relative to another point. [Wikipedia]

area
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
AFX_0002808: SBO_0000467
AFX_0002808: EFO_0001696
alternative label: area (datum)
alternative label: area result
definition: An area (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the two-dimensional extend of an object. [Allotrope]

data processing time
type: Class
subclass of: time
definition: Data processing time is the time when a data processing starts. [Allotrope]

mass fraction
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: mass fraction (datum)
alternative label: mass fraction result
alternative label: w/w %
alternative label: w/w%
alternative label: weight-weight %
definition: The mass fraction (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the fraction pertaining the mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. [Allotrope]

infrared interferogram
type: Class
subclass of: interferogram
alternative label: IR interferogram
definition: An infrared interferogram is an interferogram produced by FT infrared spectroscopy. [Allotrope]

diameter
type: Class
subclass of: length
alternative label: diameter (datum)
definition: Diameter is a length which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary. [PATO]

inner diameter
type: Class
subclass of: diameter
alternative label: inner diameter (datum)
definition: Inner diameter is the diameter quantified at the inside. [Allotrope]

size (datum)
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: size
definition: Size is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the spatial extend of an entity. [Allotrope]

volume concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration
definition: A volume concentration (datum) is a quantification facet that quantifies a concentration defined as the volume of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. [Allotrope]

electric charge
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
source: "Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996)", Lehmann, H.P.;Fuentes-arderiu, X.;Bertello, L.F., Pure and Applied Chemistry 1996, 68(4), 957
source: IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997)
alternative label: charge
definition: Electric charge is the quality quantification facet that quantifies the integral of electric current over time. [Allotrope]

reference material weight
type: Class
subclass of: mass
definition: A reference material weight is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the mass of a material with the role of reference material in the analysis. [Allotrope]

saturation vapor pressure
type: Class
subclass of: pressure
alternative label: saturation pressure
alternative label: saturation pressure result
alternative label: saturation vapor pressure (datum)
alternative label: saturation vapor pressure result
definition: A saturation pressure (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the saturation vapor pressure of a substance. [Allotrope]

specific surface area
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 1972, 31, 577. (Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry)
definition: When the area of the interface between two phases is proportional to the mass of one of the phases (e.g. for a solid adsorbent, for an emulsion or for an aerosol), the specific surface area (a, s or preferably as) is defined as the surface area divided by the mass of the relevant phase. [IUPAC]

y-intercept
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical facet
definition: A y-intercept is the point where the graph of a function or relation intersects the y-axis of a coordinate system. [Wikipedia]

equilibration time
type: Class
subclass of: elapsed time
definition: An equilibration time is an elapsed time required to reach an equilibrium state after a perturbation. [Allotrope]

dilution volume
type: Class
subclass of: volume
definition: A dilution volume is a volume of diluent used in a dilution. [Allotrope]

sample temperature
type: Class
subclass of: temperature
alternative label: sample temperature (datum)
alternative label: sample temperature result
change note: 2020-12-01 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
change note: 2020-12-01 Moved under temperature datum. [Allotrope]
definition: A sample temperature result is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the temperature of the sample. [Allotrope]

mass change
type: Class
subclass of: mass
definition: A mass change is a mass facet that quantifies the change in initial mass. [Allotrope]

mass change rate
type: Class
subclass of: rate
definition: A mass change rate is a rate that quantifies the change in initial mass per unit time. [Allotrope]

ambient temperature
type: Class
subclass of: temperature
definition: An ambient temperature is a quantity facet that quantifies the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere. [Allotrope]

enthalpy of fusion
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
source: Enthalpy of fusion
alternative label: enthalpy of fusion (datum)
alternative label: enthalpy of melting
alternative label: enthalpy of melting (datum)
alternative label: heat of fusion
definition: The enthalpy of fusion datum is quantification of the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to a solid substance, to transform a quantity of that substance into a liquid. [Wikipedia]

specific enthalpy of fusion
type: Class
subclass of: enthalpy of fusion
alternative label: specific entropy of fusion (datum)
alternative label: specific heat of fusion
definition: The specific enthalpy of fusion datum is the enthalpy of fusion referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope]

molar enthalpy of fusion
type: Class
subclass of: enthalpy of fusion
alternative label: molar entropy of fusion (datum)
alternative label: molar heat of fusion
definition: The specific enthalpy of fusion datum is the enthalpy of fusion referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope]

enthalpy of vaporization
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
source: Enthalpy of vaporization
alternative label: enthalpy of vaporization (datum)
alternative label: heat of vaporization
definition: The enthalpy of vaporization datum is quantification of the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to a liquid substance, to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas. [Wikipedia]

specific enthalpy of vaporization
type: Class
subclass of: enthalpy of vaporization
alternative label: specific enthalpy of vaporization (datum)
alternative label: specific heat of vaporization
definition: The specific enthalpy of vaporization datum is the enthalpy of vaporization referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope]

molar enthalpy of vaporization
type: Class
subclass of: enthalpy of vaporization
alternative label: molar enthalpy of vaporization (datum)
alternative label: molar heat of vaporization
definition: The molar enthalpy of vaporization datum is the enthalpy of vaporization referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope]

enthalpy of sublimation
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
source: Enthalpy of sublimation
alternative label: enthalpy of sublimation (datum)
alternative label: heat of sublimation
definition: The enthalpy of sublimation datum is quantification of the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to a solid substance, to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas. [Wikipedia]

specific enthalpy of sublimation
type: Class
subclass of: enthalpy of sublimation
alternative label: specific enthalpy of sublimation (datum)
alternative label: specific heat of sublimation
definition: The specific enthalpy of sublimation datum is the enthalpy of sublimation referenced to a unit mass of substance. [Allotrope]

molar enthalpy of sublimation
type: Class
subclass of: enthalpy of sublimation
alternative label: molar enthalpy of sublimation (datum)
alternative label: molar heat of sublimation
definition: The molar enthalpy of sublimation datum is the enthalpy of sublimation referenced to a unit amount of substance. [Allotrope]

heat flow
type: Class
subclass of: power
definition: Heat flow is a quantification of the heat transferred per time. [Allotrope]

standard nominal value
type: Class
subclass of: standard facet
definition: A standard nominal value is a nominal value for a measurement assigned to a standard material. [Allotrope]

standard measured value
type: Class
subclass of: standard facet
definition: A standard measured value is an assay result that is a measure of the standard material. [Allotrope]

standard deviation
type: Class
subclass of: descriptive statistic
definition: The standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. [Wikipedia]

cumulative distribution percentage
type: Class
subclass of: statistical facet
definition: A cumulative distribution percentage is a statistical facet that describes the percentage of population members meeting a given condition. [Allotrope]

bin upper limit
type: Class
subclass of: descriptive statistic
definition: A bin upper limit is a statistical facet that quantifies the upper limit that population members meet within a distribution. [Allotrope]

distribution modality
type: Class
subclass of: classification datum
source: Multimodal distribution
definition: A distribution modality is a classification datum that indicates the number of peaks contained in the classified distribution. [Allotrope]

partial pressure
type: Class
subclass of: pressure
alternative label: partial pressure (datum)
alternative label: partial pressure result
change note: 2020-12-01 Changed labels and definition. [Allotrope]
change note: 2020-12-01 Moved under pressure (datum). [Allotrope]
definition: A partial pressure (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the notional pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases, if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature. [Allotrope]

standard facet
type: Class
subclass of: facet
definition: A standard facet is a facet that part of some standard or is about some standard material. [Allotrope]

distribution type
type: Class
subclass of: classification datum
definition: A distribution type is a classification datum for distributions where the ordinate is expressed based on selected category. [Allotrope]

refractive index
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
source: Refractive index
alternative label: index of refraction
alternative label: refraction index
alternative label: refractive index (datum)
definition: Refraction index is a quality quantification facet, that quantifies how fast light travels through a material. It is defined as n = c/v, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the phase velocity of light in the medium. [Wikipedia]

plate well count
type: Class
subclass of: position count
definition: A plate well count is a count that quantifies the number of plate well positions present on a well plate. [Allotrope]

well volume
type: Class
subclass of: volume
definition: A well volume is a volume (datum) that quantifies how much volume of material that can be put into each well in a well plate. [Allotrope]

reflectance
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
definition: A reflectance is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the fraction of incident radiation reflected by a surface or discontinuity. [IUPAC]

transmittance
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 2223 (Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996))
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 957 (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
definition: A transmittance is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the ratio of the transmitted radiant power (P_λ) to that incident on the sample (P0_λ): T = P_λ/ P0_λ. [IUPAC]

position count
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
definition: A position count is a spatial quantification facet that quantifies the number of distinct spatial locations. The spatial locations are defined by some pattern or morphology. [Allotrope]

automation setting
type: Class
subclass of: control setting
alternative label: automation enabled
alternative label: automation enabled setting
alternative label: automation flag
alternative label: automation switch
definition: An automation flag is a flag that controls whether a process involves an automation system (true) participant alone or involves a human participant (false). [Allotrope]
example: manual vs. automatic baseline determination [Allotrope]
scope note: The automation can refer to subprocesses such as consuming of input, or the production of output or full automation. [Allotrope]

enabled setting
type: Class
subclass of: control setting
alternative label: enabled flag
alternative label: enabled flag setting
definition: An enabled flag setting is control setting that controls whether a process is running in a specific situation controlled by the setting. [Allotrope]

molecular mass
type: Class
subclass of: mass
alternative label: molecular mass (datum)
alternative label: molecular mass result
definition: A molecular mass is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the mass of a molecule. [Allotrope]

relative permittivity
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
AFX_0002808: R05273
AFX_0002808: CHEMINF_000248
alternative label: relative permittivity (datum)
alternative label: relative permittivity result
definition: A relative permittivity result is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the the ability of a medium composed of molecules of a given type to transmit an electric field. [CHEMINF]
note: Relative permittivity is a chemical substance quality that reflects the ability of a medium composed of molecules of a given type to transmit an electric field.

near infrared spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data distribution function
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: NIR spectra
alternative label: NIR spectrum
alternative label: near infra-red spectra
alternative label: near infra-red spectrum
alternative label: near infrared (NIR) spectra
alternative label: near infrared (NIR) spectrum
alternative label: near infrared spectra
definition: A plot of absorbance or transmittance versus wavelength obtained by measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by a sample as a function of the wavelength of incident radiation from the near infrared region (0.8-2 µm). [Allotrope]

purity
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: purity (datum)
alternative label: purity result
definition: A purity (datum) is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the purity of a portion of material. [Allotrope]

angle of optical rotation
type: Class
subclass of: angle
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 1993
alternative label: angle of optical rotation (datum)
alternative label: angle of optical rotation result
alternative label: circular birefringence (datum)
alternative label: circular birefringence result
alternative label: polarization rotation (datum)
alternative label: polarization rotation result
definition: An angle of optical rotation result is a quality quantification facet quantifying the angle through which plane polarized light is rotated clockwise, as seen when facing the light source, in passing through an optically active medium. [IUPAC]

specific rotation
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
source: Specific rotation
alternative label: specific optical rotation
alternative label: specific rotation result
definition: A specific rotation result is is a quality quantification facet quantifying the change in orientation of monochromatic plane-polarized light, per unit distance–concentration product, as the light passes through a sample of a compound in solution. [Wikipedia]

molar mass
type: Class
subclass of: mass
alternative label: molar mass (datum)
alternative label: molar mass result
definition: Molar mass is a mass that quantifies the mass of a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 10^23 atoms or molecules. [Allotrope]

hardness
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
definition: A hardness is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some hardness. [Allotrope]

thickness
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
change note: 2021-12-01 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: A thickness datum is a quality quantification facet that quantifies a 1-D extent quality which is equal to the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width. [Allotrope]

minimum value
type: Class
subclass of: descriptive statistic
definition: A minimum value is a descriptive statistic that denotes the smallest value present in some dataset. [Allotrope]

maximum value
type: Class
subclass of: descriptive statistic
definition: A maximum value is a descriptive statistic that denotes the largest value present in some dataset. [Allotrope]

relative standard deviation
type: Class
subclass of: descriptive statistic
definition: The relative standard deviation is a ratio of the standard deviation to the arithmetic mean. [Allotrope]

data validity
type: Class
subclass of: qualification
definition: A data validity is a qualification about the suitability of some data for a specified purpose. [Allotrope]

fluorescence
type: Class
subclass of: luminescence
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 1984, 56, 231. (Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis-Part VI: molecular luminescence spectroscopy)
source: PAC, 1994, 66, 2513. (Nomenclature for radioanalytical chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994))
alternative label: fluorescence (datum)
change note: 2021-09-14 Moved from deprecated term AFR_0002500 to replacement AFR_0002507
definition: A fluorescence is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the luminescence which occurs essentially only during the irradiation of a substance by electromagnetic radiation. [IUPAC]

luminescence
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997)
alternative label: luminescence (datum)
definition: Luminescence is a quality quantification datum that quantifies the spontaneous emission of radiation from an electronically or vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment. [IUPAC]

peak width at 10 % of height
type: Class
subclass of: peak width
alternative label: peak width at 10 percent of height
alternative label: peak width at 10% of height
change note: 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope]
change note: 2022-11-28 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
definition: The peak width calculated at 10 % of its peak height. [Allotrope]

prescription
type: Class
subclass of: proposition
alternative label: directive
alternative label: rule
definition: A prescription is a proposition that is about some social rules that are imposed on the use of some entity, that a member of the social community has to follow. [Allotrope]

intensity
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
definition: An intensity (datum) is an quality quantification facet that quantifies the magnitude of a signal. [Allotrope]

absolute intensity
type: Class
subclass of: intensity
alternative label: absolute intensity (datum)
alternative label: absolute signal intensity
definition: Absolute intensity (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies the absolute magnitude of a signal. [Allotrope]

ambient humidity
type: Class
subclass of: humidity
definition: An ambient humidity is a quantity facet that quantifies the humidity of the surrounding atmosphere. [Allotrope]

strain
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
definition: A strain is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the magnitude of deformation representing the displacement between particles in the body relative to a reference length. [Allotrope]

stress
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
definition: A stress is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. [Allotrope]

humidity
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
definition: A humidity (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies some humidity. [Allotrope]

width
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: width (datum)
definition: A width datum is a quality quantification facet that quantifies a 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite. [Allotrope]

force
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: force (datum)
definition: A force datum is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of momentum. [Allotrope]

velocity
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
definition: A velocity is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some velocity. [Allotrope]

viscosity
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
definition: A viscosity is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the viscosity of a fluid. [Allotrope]

barcode
type: Class
subclass of: representation form
replaces: AFX_0000687
definition: A barcode is a method of representing data in a visual, machine-readable form. [Wikipedia]

linear velocity
type: Class
subclass of: velocity
alternative label: linear velocity (datum)
alternative label: linear velocity result
definition: A linear velocity datum is a quality quantification facet that quantifies how fast an object is traveling in a straight line, meaning its direction is not changing. [Allotrope]

height
type: Class
subclass of: length
definition: Height is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the bearer's vertical dimension of extension. [Allotrope]

statistical feature
type: Class
subclass of: statistical facet
definition: A statistical feature is a statistical facet that defines the feature with the role of a description or classification of a property, characteristic or facet of the members of the aggregate that is common to each member and is used to make aggregated data about the aggregate. [Allotrope]

angle
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: angle datum
definition: An angle is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some angle quality. [Allotrope]

integration algorithm
type: Class
subclass of: algorithm
definition: An integration algorithm is an algorithm about integration that specifies the way an integration process is carried out. [Allotrope]

corrected peak area
type: Class
subclass of: peak area
definition: A corrected peak area is a peak area corrected for some relative response factor. [Allotrope]

relative corrected peak area
type: Class
subclass of: relative peak area
alternative label: corrected peak area (relative)
definition: A relative corrected peak area is a relative peak area that denotes the corrected area of the peak relative to some other peak or summation of peaks. . [Allotrope]

peak width at 4.4 % of height
type: Class
subclass of: peak width
alternative label: peak width at 4.4 percent of height
alternative label: peak width at 4.4% of height
change note: 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope]
change note: 2022-11-28 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
definition: The peak width calculated at 4.4 % of its peak height. This is equivalent to 5 standard deviations of a Gaussian peak. [Allotrope]

peak width at 13.4 % of height
type: Class
subclass of: peak width
alternative label: peak width at 13.4 percent of height
alternative label: peak width at 13.4% of height
change note: 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope]
change note: 2022-11-28 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
definition: The peak width calculated at 13.4 % of its peak height. This is equivalent to 4 standard deviations of a Gaussian peak. [Allotrope]

peak width at 32.4 % of height
type: Class
subclass of: peak width
alternative label: peak width at 32.4 percent of height
alternative label: peak width at 32.4% of height
change note: 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope]
change note: 2022-11-28 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
definition: The peak width calculated at 32.4 % of its peak height. This is equivalent to 3 standard deviations of a Gaussian peak. [Allotrope]

peak width at 60.7 % of height
type: Class
subclass of: peak width
alternative label: peak width at 60.7 percent of height
alternative label: peak width at 60.7% of height
change note: 2022-11-28 Added alt label. [Allotrope]
change note: 2022-11-28 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
definition: The peak width calculated at 60.7 % of its peak height. This is equivalent to 2 standard deviations of a Gaussian peak. [Allotrope]

error code
type: Class
subclass of: code
definition: An error code is a code that indicates the error associated with the aborted state of a planned process. [Allotrope]

error
type: Class
subclass of: description
AFX_0002808: NCIT C43369
source: ncit.owl
definition: An error is a description of a discrepancy between a computed, observed, or measured value or condition and the true, specified, or theoretically correct value or condition. [NCI]

amount of substance
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: amount of substance (datum)
definition: An amount of substance (datum) is a quantity facet that quantifies some amount of substance. [Allotrope]

noise type
type: Class
subclass of: classification datum
definition: A noise type is a classification datum that classifies the type of noise being measured. [Allotrope]

method version
type: Class
subclass of: version number
definition: A method version is a version number that identifies a method. [Allotrope]

torque
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: torque (datum)
definition: A torque is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some torque. [Allotrope]

rotational speed
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
definition: A rotational speed is a quality quantification facet that quantifies some rotational speed. [Allotrope]

circularity
type: Class
subclass of: quality quantification facet
alternative label: circularity (datum)
definition: A circularity is a quality quantification facet that quantifies the two-dimensional roundness of an entity. [Allotrope]

peak slope at start
type: Class
subclass of: peak facet
alternative label: peak onset slope
definition: A peak slope at start is a peak facet that denotes the slope of the baseline at the peak start. [Allotrope]

number concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration
source: Number density
source: Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
alternative label: amount concentration
alternative label: number concentration (datum)
alternative label: number concentration result
definition: A number concentration (datum) is a quantification facet that quantifies a concentration defined as the number of entities of a constituent in a mixture divided by the volume of the mixture. [Allotrope]

data region identifier
type: Class
subclass of: data region facet
definition: A data region identifier is an identifier that identifies some data region. [Allotrope]

data region name
type: Class
subclass of: data region facet
definition: A data region name is a written name that denotes some data region. [Allotrope]

data region start
type: Class
subclass of: data region facet
definition: A data region start is a data region facet that denotes the first value of the abscissa that belongs to the region. [Allotrope]

data region end
type: Class
subclass of: data region facet
definition: A data region end is a data region facet that denotes the last value of the abscissa that belongs to the region. [Allotrope]

data region area
type: Class
subclass of: data region facet
definition: A data region area is a data region facet that quantitates the area enclosed by a data region and the selected baseline. [Allotrope]

relative data region area
type: Class
subclass of: data region facet
alternative label: data region area (relative)
definition: A relative data region area is a data region facet that denotes the area of the data region relative to some other region or summation of regions. [Allotrope]

baseline value at start of data region
type: Class
subclass of: data region facet
definition: A baseline value at start of data region is a data region facet that denotes the ordinate value of the baseline of a data region at the region start. [Allotrope]

baseline value at end of data region
type: Class
subclass of: data region facet
definition: A baseline value at end of data region is a data region facet that denotes the ordinate value of the baseline of a data region at the region end. [Allotrope]

data region value at start
type: Class
subclass of: data region facet
definition: A data region value at start is a data region facet that denotes the first value of the ordinate that belongs to the region. [Allotrope]

data region value at end
type: Class
subclass of: data region facet
definition: A data region value at end is a data region facet that denotes the last value of the ordinate that belongs to the region. [Allotrope]

data region facet
type: Class
subclass of: facet
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A data region facet is a facet that is part of a data region. [Allotrope]

data region
type: Class
subclass of: description
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A data region describes a part of a data distribution function at a definite range of the experimental parameter (independent variable) of the distribution function. This definition includes a single data point of the distribution function. [Allotrope]

data region point
type: Class
subclass of: data point
definition: A data region point is a data point that is a member of a data region. [Allotrope]

data region start point
type: Class
subclass of: data region point
definition: A data region start point is the data point of the region with the smallest abscissa value. [Allotrope]

data region end point
type: Class
subclass of: data region point
definition: A data region end point is the data point of the region with the largest abscissa value. [Allotrope]

unit symbol
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
definition: A unit symbol is a symbol that denotes some unit. [Allotrope]

row index
type: Class
subclass of: index
definition: A row index is the index of a table cell with respect to the rows of the table containing that table cell. [Allotrope]

column index
type: Class
subclass of: index
definition: A column index is the index of a table cell with respect to the columns of the table containing that table cell. [Allotrope]

vertex
type: Class
subclass of: point
definition: A vertex is a point that is the intersection of two edges. [Allotrope]

analyst role
type: Class
subclass of: analysis role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: analyst
definition: Analyst is the role of a person which is an agent in the process of examination. [Allotrope]

condition role
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: conditional role
definition: Condition role is a contextual role of an information object that specifies a prerequisite. [Allotrope]

controller role
type: Class
subclass of: controlling role
alternative label: controller
definition: Controller role is a controlling role of some material entity that is controlling some other object or a process. [Allotrope]

denominator
type: Class
subclass of: term mathematical role
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Denominator is the conceptual role of a scalar that indicates the number of equal parts into which the unit is divided. [Allotrope]

identifier role
type: Class
subclass of: designative purpose
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An identifier role is the contextual role of an information content entity that identifies another entity. [Allotrope]

interpolation role
type: Class
subclass of: term mathematical role
alternative label: interpolation
definition: An interpolation is the contextual role of a quantity or number that has been the result of an interpolation. [Allotrope]

name role
type: Class
subclass of: designative purpose
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Name role is a contextual role of an information content entity that refers to an entity by a non-identifying designation. [Allotrope]

nominal datum
type: Class
subclass of: descriptive purpose
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: nominal value
change note: 2018-07-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A nominal value is a contextual role of an information content entity that states an asserted value, that is assumed to be true. [Allotrope]

numerator
type: Class
subclass of: term mathematical role
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Numerator is the conceptual role of a scalar that indicates the number which is to be divided into equal parts. [Allotrope]

objective role
type: Class
subclass of: directive purpose
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: objective
definition: Objective role is the contextual role of an information object that describes an intent or purpose which is a situation at the process end point. [Allotrope]

parameter role
type: Class
subclass of: data input role
AFX_0002818: true
source: Parameter
alternative label: parameter
alternative label: parameter (process)
alternative label: process parameter
change note: 2018-12-19 Added alt labels. [Allotrope]
definition: Parameter role is a data input role that is about some useful or critical characteristic of a particular system, for the purpose of identification, controlling, or evaluating the performance, status or conditions in the process. [Allotrope]

material cleaned role
type: Class
subclass of: cleaning role
alternative label: material cleaned
alternative label: part cleaned
alternative label: part cleaned role
change note: 2019-10-02 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: Material that is undergoing a cleaning process. [Allotrope]

reference role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
alternative label: reference
definition: A role inhered by a participant that is a reference for qualitative or quantitative comparison in relation to other entities. [Allotrope]
example: measuring standard

selected object role
type: Class
subclass of: selection role
alternative label: selected object
alternative label: selected component
change note: 2018-07-23 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A selected object is the selection role of the object that is selected from the selection target. [Allotrope]

setting datum
type: Class
subclass of: directive purpose
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: setting role
alternative label: setting value
change note: 2018-07-31 Changed definition and pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: Setting datum is the contextual role of an information object that specifies some device or process setting. [Allotrope]

snapshot
type: Class
subclass of: temporal role
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A snapshot is the contextual role of an information object that is about a point in time within the bounds of a process. [Allotrope]

specification target role
type: Class
subclass of: subject role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: specification subject
alternative label: specification target
definition: A specification target is the role of a material entity that participates in a specifying process and is what the resulting specification is about. [Allotrope]

temporal mean
type: Class
subclass of: temporal role
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Temporal mean is the contextual role of a quantity (quantity value or count) that describes a arithmetic mean of a quantity over time. [Allotrope]

time segment
type: Class
subclass of: temporal role
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Time segment is a contextual role of some information object that is about a temporal part in the context of representation of a process. [Allotrope]

sample role
type: Class
subclass of: sampling role
alternative label: sample
definition: A sample role is a type of role whose bearer is a material entity that is the output of a sampling. [Allotrope]

processing role
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A contextual role that describes the way information is participating in some process from a causal dependency perspective. [Allotrope]

bound role
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
AFX_0002818: true
definition: The role of some datum forming the maximum or minimum value in a range or collection of values. [Allotrope]

lower bound
type: Class
subclass of: bound role
definition: The role of a datum that is smaller than all data in an ordered range or collection. [Allotrope]

upper bound
type: Class
subclass of: bound role
definition: The role of a datum that is greater than all data in an ordered range or collection. [Allotrope]

data output role
type: Class
subclass of: processing role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: data output
alternative label: result
definition: Data output role is a type of contextual role of an information artifact that is the output of a process. [Allotrope]

data input role
type: Class
subclass of: processing role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: data input
definition: Data input role is a type of contextual role of an information artifact that is the input of a process. [Allotrope]

aggregation role
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An aggregation role is a contextual role of an information entity that is participant of an aggregation process. [Allotrope]

aggregate role
type: Class
subclass of: aggregation role
definition: Aggregate role is the contextual role of an information content entity that is a collection of others. [Allotrope]

member role
type: Class
subclass of: aggregation role
definition: Member role is the contextual role of an information object that is member of some collection. [Allotrope]

descriptive purpose
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: description
alternative label: description role
definition: A role of an information content entity that is meant to describe an object. [Allotrope]

causal role
type: Class
subclass of: descriptive purpose
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A description of the cause-consequence relation of processes. [Allotrope]

cause
type: Class
subclass of: causal role
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Cause is the causal role of an information content entity that is about something causally dependent for another thing. [Allotrope]

consequence
type: Class
subclass of: causal role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: effect
definition: Consequence is the causal role of an information content entity that is about something causally resultant from another thing. [Allotrope]

invariant
type: Class
subclass of: during
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An invariant is the contextual role of an information object that is about a situation that does not change during the whole process. [Allotrope]

post condition
type: Class
subclass of: at end
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A post condition is the temporal contextual role of an information content entity that is about the situation, that is a condition so that a process can end or achieve its goal. [Allotrope]

precondition
type: Class
subclass of: at start
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A precondition is the temporal contextual role of an information content entity that is about the situation, that is a condition so that a process can start. [Allotrope]

designative purpose
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: designative role
definition: A designative purpose is a type of contextual role of information artifacts that denote an entity in order to describe its characteristics. [Allotrope]

index role
type: Class
subclass of: designative purpose
definition: An index role is a contextual role of an information object that denotes to another object that is part of an aggregation and it is the data output of some indexing process. [Allotrope]

directive purpose
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: directive
alternative label: directive role
alternative label: specification
alternative label: specification datum
alternative label: specification role
alternative label: specified datum
alternative label: specified value
change note: 2018-07-31 Changed definition and pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A directive purpose or specification role is a type of contextual role of information content entities that are about an entity with a purpose to give directions. [Allotrope]

prescriptive purpose
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A contextual role of information that describes some social rules that are imposed on the use of some entity, that a member of the social community has to follow. [Allotrope]

temporal role
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A contextual role of information that is dependent on some temporal region or process boundary. [Allotrope]

exception role
type: Class
subclass of: descriptive purpose
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: exception
definition: A contextual role of information the describes an unexpected, unusual or unintended situation. [Allotrope]

variable
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical role
AFX_0002818: true
change note: 2018-12-19 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: A variable is the contextual role of some data that is part of some other data that is varied in a mathematical function or during data processing. [Allotrope]

dependent variable
type: Class
subclass of: variable
AFX_0002818: true
source: Dependent and independent variables
definition: A dependent variable is a contextual role of an information artifact that represents the outputs or outcomes whose variation is being studied. [Wikipedia]

independent variable
type: Class
subclass of: variable
AFX_0002818: true
source: Dependent and independent variables
definition: An independent variable is a contextual role of an information artifact that represents inputs or causes for variation of a dependent variable. In the experimental setting, the independent variable is controlled by the experimenter. Models and experiments test or determine the effects that the independent variables have on the dependent variables. [Wikipedia]

actual datum
type: Class
subclass of: descriptive purpose
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: actual value
alternative label: observed value
change note: 2018-07-19 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
definition: A actual value is the contextual role of an information content entity that is the direct or indirect output of some observation and describes some quality. [Allotrope]

sender role
type: Class
subclass of: transferring role
definition: The role inhered in a material entity that sends the transferred object in a transfer process. [Allotrope]

receiver role
type: Class
subclass of: transferring role
definition: The role inhered in a material entity that receives the transferred object in a transfer process. [Allotrope]

transfer medium role
type: Class
subclass of: transferring role
alternative label: medium
definition: A transfer medium is the role of a material that carries the transferred flow. [Allotrope]

at end
type: Class
subclass of: snapshot
AFX_0002818: true
definition: At end is the contextual role of an information content entity that is about the end of a process. [Allotrope]

at start
type: Class
subclass of: snapshot
AFX_0002818: true
definition: At start is the contextual role of an information content entity that is about the start of a process. [Allotrope]

during
type: Class
subclass of: temporal role
AFX_0002818: true
definition: During is the contextual role of an information object that is about something within a temporal range of a process. [Allotrope]

detection stimulant role
type: Class
subclass of: detection role
alternative label: detection stimulant
definition: A role inhered when the presence of the bearer indicates the presence of the detection target in a detection process. [Allotrope]

transferring role
type: Class
subclass of: localization role
alternative label: transfer role
definition: A transferring role is a localization role that is realized in some transferring process. [Allotrope]

storage medium role
type: Class
subclass of: storage role
definition: Storage medium is the role of a material or site where something is stored. [Allotrope]

storage role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: A role that is realized in some storing process. [Allotrope]

selection target role
type: Class
subclass of: selection role
alternative label: selection population
alternative label: selection set
alternative label: selection target
definition: The selection target is the role of a participant in a selection process from which partitions are selected. [Allotrope]

analyte role
type: Class
subclass of: analysis role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: analyte
definition: The component of a system to be analyzed. [CHMO]

linking medium role
type: Class
subclass of: linking role
definition: The role of a material that is the flow by which means a linking process is established. [Allotrope]

calculated datum
type: Class
subclass of: descriptive purpose
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: calculated value
change note: 2018-07-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A datum that is the result of some calculation. [Allotrope]

derived measure
type: Class
subclass of: measure
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A derived measure is a measure that is the outcome of some indirect measurement. The derived value is derived from base measures by calculations following a formula or algorithm. [Allotrope]

base measure
type: Class
subclass of: measure
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A base measure is a measure that is the direct output of some measurement process. [Allotrope]

measure
type: Class
subclass of: actual datum
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: measured value
definition: A measure is an actual value that is the direct or indirect outcome of some measurement and refers to some metric. [Allotrope]

contextual role
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A contextual role is a representation of a specific interpretation of the information content object or of the circumstances that the information content object is referencing to. [Allotrope]
example: objective of a specification
example: parameter of a calculation
example: result of a measurement

indexed member
type: Class
subclass of: member role
definition: Indexed member is the member role that has an index facet. [Allotrope]

ordered member
type: Class
subclass of: member role
definition: Ordered member is a member role that has an ordering within the collection. [Allotrope]

experiment sample role
type: Class
subclass of: sample role
AFX_0002808: MSI_400127
alternative label: experiment sample
definition: An experiment sample is a role that is played by a material object of interest in an assay used to obtain generalizable information about the sample source. [Allotrope]

coated material role
type: Class
subclass of: coating process role
alternative label: coated material
alternative label: substrate
alternative label: substrate role
definition: A coated material is a coating role of a material whose surface is being coated by another material which it covers. [Allotrope]

coating role
type: Class
subclass of: coating process role
alternative label: coating
alternative label: coating medium
alternative label: coating medium role
definition: A coating role is the role of a material that coats another material (the substrate). [Allotrope]

measurand role
type: Class
subclass of: measurement role
alternative label: measurand
definition: A measurand role is a measurement role of a material entity that is being measured. [Allotrope]

additive role
type: Class
subclass of: synthesis role
alternative label: additive
definition: Additive is a role of material that is added to a mixture in order to achieve a supportive purpose. [Allotrope]

catalyst role
type: Class
subclass of: reagent role
AFX_0002798: false
AFX_0002809: CHEBI_35223
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 155 (Glossary of terms used in chemical kinetics, including reaction dynamics.)
alternative label: catalyst
definition: A catalyst role is a reagent role of a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy change in the reaction; the process is called catalysis. The catalyst is both a reactant and product of the reaction. [IUPAC]

debris role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
alternative label: debris
definition: Debris is a role of material to be waste. [Allotrope]

detergent role
type: Class
subclass of: cleaning role
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 1972, 31, 577 (Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry) on page 612
alternative label: detergent
definition: A detergent role is a cleaning role of a surface active agent (or a mixture containing one of more surface active agents) having cleaning properties in dilute solution. [IUPAC]

diluent role
type: Class
subclass of: dilution role
alternative label: diluent
definition: Diluent is a role of material used to lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture of another ingredient. [NCI]

dispersant role
type: Class
subclass of: dispersion role
alternative label: dispersant
definition: A dispersant is either a non-surface active polymer or a surface-active substance added to a suspension, usually a colloid, to improve the separation of particles and to prevent settling or clumping. [Wikipedia]

excipient role
type: Class
subclass of: formulation role
AFX_0002809: CHEBI_75324
alternative label: excipient
definition: Excipient is a role of a generally pharmacologically inactive substance that is formulated with the active ingredient of a medication. [ChEBI]

filtrate role
type: Class
subclass of: filtration role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: filtrate
definition: Filtrate is a role of liquid outcome of a filtration process that is commonly the mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids (liquids or gases) by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can pass. [Wikipedia]

reaction intermediate role
type: Class
subclass of: reagent role
alternative label: intermedate reagent role
alternative label: intermediate
alternative label: intermediate reagent role
alternative label: intermediate role
alternative label: reaction intermediate
definition: Intermediate role is a role of material that is formed from reactants (or preceding intermediates) and reacts further to give the directly observed products of a chemical reaction. [Wikipedia]

marker role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
alternative label: marker
definition: A marker is a role of material to allow for identification of an object of interest. [Allotrope]

reactant role
type: Class
subclass of: reagent role
alternative label: reactant
alternative label: starting material
definition: Reactant role is a role of a chemical entity that is present at the start of a reaction. [Allotrope]

retentate role
type: Class
subclass of: filtration role
AFX_0002818: true
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 1972, 31, 577 (Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry) on page 608
alternative label: retentate
definition: The retentate role is the role of the material that is retained by a filtration process. [Allotrope]

standard material role
type: Class
subclass of: reference role
alternative label: standard
alternative label: standard role
definition: Standard material role is a role of material that is set up and established by authority as a reference material for the measure of quantity, weight, extent, value, or quality. [Allotrope]

titrant role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: IUPAC Compendium on Analytical Nomenclature, Definitive Rules 1997, 3rd Edition, IUPAC Orange Book, prepared for publication by J. Inczedy, T. Lengyel, and A.M. Ure, Blackwell Science, 1998
alternative label: titrant
definition: Titrant is a role of a solution containing the active agent with which a titration is made. [IUPAC]

cleaning agent role
type: Class
subclass of: cleaning role
alternative label: detergent
alternative label: detergent role
alternative label: washing agent
alternative label: washing agent role
definition: Cleaning agent role is a role of material used for cleaning something. [Allotrope]

origin datum
type: Class
subclass of: spatio-temporal role
alternative label: origin
alternative label: origin role
change note: 2018-08-10 Changed labels [Allotrope]
definition: Origin is the contextual role of an information object that is about the spatio-temporal location at the beginning of a process that changes it. [Allotrope]

relative datum role
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: contextual role
  intersection of: relation role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: relative datum
alternative label: relative value
change note: 2020-03-16 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
definition: A relative datum role is the contextual role of a datum that is about a quantity or number that is the result of a ratio or difference calculation or an assertion of magnitude relative to a reference entity. [Allotrope]

ingredient role
type: Class
subclass of: synthesis role
alternative label: ingredient
definition: Ingredient is a role of material that is used in a material combining process to produce a new material. [Allotrope]

sum
type: Class
subclass of: term mathematical role
definition: The sum is the contextual role of numerical data that results from the addition of two or more numbers, amounts, or items. [Allotrope]

version role
type: Class
subclass of: designative purpose
definition: A version role is the contextual role of an information content entity that denotes a specific variant in the history. [Allotrope]

validation sample role
type: Class
subclass of: sample role
alternative label: validation
alternative label: validation sample
definition: An validation sample role is a sample role of a material sample that is used for validation purposes. [Allotrope]

control sample role
type: Class
subclass of: sample role
alternative label: control
alternative label: control sample
definition: A control sample role is a sample role of a material that does contain a known amount of analyte for control purposes. [Allotrope]

calibration sample role
type: Class
subclass of: sample role
alternative label: calibration sample
definition: An calibration sample role is a sample role of a material that does contain a known amount of substance for calibration purposes. [Allotrope]

standard sample role
type: Class
subclass of: sample role
alternative label: standard
alternative label: standard sample
definition: An standard sample role is a sample role of a material sample that does contain a known amount of standard material. [Allotrope]

unknown sample role
type: Class
subclass of: sample role
alternative label: unknown
alternative label: unknown sample
definition: An unknown sample role is a sample role of a material of an unknown substance, or that does contain an unknown amount of analyte. [Allotrope]

quality control sample role
type: Class
subclass of: control sample role
alternative label: quality control
alternative label: quality control sample
definition: A quality control sample role is a control sample role of a material that is used for purposes of quality control. [Allotrope]

reference sample role
type: Class
subclass of: sample role
alternative label: reference
alternative label: reference sample
definition: An reference sample role is a sample role of a material that does contain a known amount of analyte. [Allotrope]

blank role
type: Class
subclass of: sample role
alternative label: blank
alternative label: blank sample
alternative label: blank sample role
definition: An blank role is a sample role of a material that does not contain any analyte. [Allotrope]

spiked sample role
type: Class
subclass of: sample role
alternative label: spike
alternative label: spike role
alternative label: spike sample
definition: A spiked sample role is a sample role of a material that does contain a spike substance. [Allotrope]

unspiked sample role
type: Class
subclass of: sample role
alternative label: unspiked
alternative label: unspiked sample
definition: An unspiked sample role is a sample role of a material sample that does not contain a spike substance. [Allotrope]

spatio-temporal role
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
AFX_0002818: true
definition: Spatio-temporal role is a type of contextual role of an information artifact that denotes an entity in a spatio-temporal context. [Allotrope]

destination datum
type: Class
subclass of: spatio-temporal role
alternative label: destination
alternative label: destination role
change note: 2018-08-10 Changed labels [Allotrope]
definition: Destination is the contextual role of an information object that is about the spatio-temporal location at the end of a process that changes it. [Allotrope]

term mathematical role
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: expression role
alternative label: term
alternative label: term role
definition: A role of a mathematical information object as component of a mathematical formula. [Allotrope]

solvent role
type: Class
subclass of: dissolution role
alternative label: solvent
definition: Solvent is the role of a potion of liquid material when it dissolves a solute in order to produce a solution. [Allotrope]

solute role
type: Class
subclass of: dissolution role
alternative label: dissolved compound
alternative label: dissolved substance
alternative label: solute
alternative label: solvated compound
definition: Solute is the role a portion of material when it is dissolved within a solution. [Allotrope]

dispersed phase role
type: Class
subclass of: dispersion role
source: https://ws680.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm
alternative label: discontinuous phase
alternative label: dispersed phase
definition: The dispersed phase role is the dispersion role of a portion of material in a dispersion, that is distributed in the form of discrete discontinuities (particles, droplets or bubbles), in a second immiscible phase that is continuous. [NIST]

continuous phase role
type: Class
subclass of: dispersion role
source: https://ws680.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm
alternative label: continuous medium
alternative label: continuous medium role
alternative label: continuous phase
definition: The continuous phase role is the dispersion role of a portion of material constituting the medium, a phase that exhibits continuity throughout the dispersion. [NIST]

dispersion role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: The role of a portion of material that participates in a dispersion process to form a colloid. [Allotrope]

dissolution role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: The role of a portion of material that participates in a dissolution process to form a solution. [Allotrope]

mathematical role
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A contextual role that describes an interpretation in a mathematical model. [Allotrope]
example: coordinate
example: variable

x-coordinate role
type: Class
subclass of: Cartesian coordinate role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: abscissa
alternative label: x-coordinate
change note: 2021-06-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: The x-coordinate is the Cartesian coordinate in the first dimension of a 2- or 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. [Allotrope]

y-coordinate role
type: Class
subclass of: Cartesian coordinate role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: ordinate
alternative label: y-coordinate
change note: 2021-06-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: The y-coordinate is the Cartesian coordinate in the second dimension of a 2- or 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. [Allotrope]

coordinate role
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: coordinate
change note: 2021-06-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A coordinate role is a contextual role of a scalar as component of a vector or tuple in a coordinate system specifying a point in space. [Allotrope]

Cartesian coordinate role
type: Class
subclass of: coordinate role
AFX_0002818: true
source: Cartesian coordinate system
alternative label: Cartesian coordinate
change note: 2021-06-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A Cartesian coordinate role is a coordinate role of a scalar in a Cartesian coordinate system, that specifies each point uniquely in an n-dimensional Euclidean space . These coordinates are equal, up to sign, to distances from the point to n mutually perpendicular hyperplanes. [Allotrope, Wikipedia]

reference datum
type: Class
subclass of: relation role
alternative label: reference purpose
alternative label: reference role
definition: A reference datum is the contextual role of some information content entity that is referenced in the context of another information content entity for the purpose of comparison. It describes or denotes an object that has the role of a reference role. [Allotrope]

temporal reference role
type: Class
subclass of: temporal role
alternative label: temporal reference
definition: The role of some data piece of information that acts as reference for stating relative time. [Allotrope]

operator role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
alternative label: operator
definition: Operator is the role of a person which controls or uses a device in an agent role. [Allotrope]

selection role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: A role which is played by a participant in a selection process. [Allotrope]

cleaning role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: The role of a participant of a cleaning process. [Allotrope]

subject role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: about role
alternative label: information subject role
alternative label: information target role
change note: 2018-08-03 Change labels [Allotrope]
definition: A role of an entity in some information producing process that produces information about this entity. [Allotrope]

detection role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: The role of a participant in a detecting process. [Allotrope]

detection target role
type: Class
subclass of: detection role
alternative label: detection target
definition: The role inhered by being the objective of a detecting activity. [Allotrope]

analysis role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: A role of a participant in an analysis assay. [Allotrope]

measurement role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: A role of a participant in a measurement. [Allotrope]

linking role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: A role of a participant in a linking process. [Allotrope]

controlling role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: A role of a participant in a controlling process. [Allotrope]

controlled object role
type: Class
subclass of: controlling role
alternative label: control target
alternative label: control target role
alternative label: controlled object
definition: Controlled object is the role of a material entity that is being controlled by a controller in a controlling process. [Allotrope]

dilution role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: The role of a portion of material that participates in a dilution process. [Allotrope]

result role
type: Class
subclass of: data output role
alternative label: result
definition: Result role is a data output role that applies to new information produced by a process. [Allotrope]

ratio datum role
type: Class
subclass of: relative datum role
alternative label: ratio datum
alternative label: ratio value
change note: 2020-03-16 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
definition: A ratio datum role is a relative datum role that expresses the relative magnitude as a ratio of the magnitude of the subject to that of the reference entity. [Allotrope]

difference datum role
type: Class
subclass of: relative datum role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: difference datum
alternative label: difference value
change note: 2020-03-16 Changed pref label and definition. [Allotrope]
definition: A difference datum role is a relative datum role that expresses the relative magnitude as a difference or interval of the magnitude of the subject to that of the reference entity. [Allotrope]

relation role
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
definition: A relation role is a contextual role of an information content entity that is about a relation of the subject of the information content entity to another entity. [Allotrope]

first member
type: Class
subclass of: ordered member
alternative label: first
definition: A first member is an ordered member that has no predecessor in the aggregate. [Allotrope]

last member
type: Class
subclass of: ordered member
alternative label: last
definition: A last member is an ordered member that has no successor in the aggregate. [Allotrope]

statistical role
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical role
definition: A statistical role is a contextual role of data in statistics. [Allotrope]

arithmetic mean role
type: Class
subclass of: statistic datum role
source: Arithmetic mean
alternative label: arithmetic mean
alternative label: average
alternative label: average role
alternative label: mean
alternative label: mean role
change note: 2020-09-18 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: The arithmetic mean is a statistical datum role of a datum that is the sum of a collection of numbers divided by the number of numbers in the collection. [Wikipedia]

median role
type: Class
subclass of: statistic datum role
source: Median
alternative label: median
change note: 2020-09-18 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: The median role is a statistical datum role that denotes the value separating the higher half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half. [Wikipedia]

skewness role
type: Class
subclass of: statistic datum role
source: Skewness
alternative label: skewness
change note: 2020-09-18 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: Skewness role is a statistical datum role of a datum that is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable about its mean. The skewness value can be positive or negative, or undefined. [Wikipedia]

variance role
type: Class
subclass of: statistic datum role
source: Variance
alternative label: variance
change note: 2020-09-18 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: The variance role is a statistical datum role of a datum that denotes the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable from its mean. [Wikipedia]

statistical sample role
type: Class
subclass of: statistical role
source: Statistical population
definition: A statistical sample role is the contextual role of a subset of a statistical population that is chosen to represent the population in a statistical analysis. [Wikipedia]

statistical population role
type: Class
subclass of: statistical role
source: Statistical population
alternative label: population
alternative label: population role
alternative label: statistical population
definition: A statistical population role is the statistical role of a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment (the statistical population). A statistical population can be a group of existing entities or a hypothetical and potentially infinite group of entities conceived as a generalization from experience. [Wikipedia]
example: the class of living cells is the population role in the 'average living cell diameter' result datum of a cell counter result

random variable
type: Class
subclass of: statistical role
source: Random variable
alternative label: aleatory variable
alternative label: random quantity
alternative label: stochastic variable
definition: In probability and statistics, a random variable, random quantity, aleatory variable, or stochastic variable is a variable whose possible values are outcomes of a random phenomenon. [Wikipedia]

statistic datum role
type: Class
subclass of: statistical role
alternative label: statistic
alternative label: statistical result
definition: A statistic datum is the summary output of descriptive statistics on a statistical population. [Allotrope]

trigger datum
type: Class
subclass of: directive purpose
alternative label: trigger value
definition: An trigger datum is the role of a datum that specifies some situation about a system or environment participating in a process that should trigger the start of another process. [Allotrope]

survival range
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
AFX_0002808: SurvivalRange
definition: An survival range is the contextual role of an description or specification of about an environment in which the operation of a system can or should operate without damaging the system. [Allotrope]

alert datum
type: Class
subclass of: trigger datum
alternative label: alert value
definition: An alert datum is a trigger datum that specifies a trigger that initiates a notification process that warns about an unintended situation. [Allotrope]

domain (math)
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical role
source: Function (mathematics)
alternative label: domain
alternative label: domain (mathematics)
change note: 2018-12-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A domain is the mathematical role of the set a function is applied on. [Allotrope]

codomain (math)
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical role
alternative label: codomain
alternative label: codomain (mathematics)
change note: 2018-12-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A codomain is the mathematical role of the set a function maps to. [Allotrope]

detector role
type: Class
subclass of: detection role
alternative label: detector
definition: The detector role is a detection role of a material entity that is detecting some other entity. [Allotrope]

synthesis role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: A synthesis role is a role of a material that is participating in a synthesis (material conversion) process. [Allotrope]

formulation role
type: Class
subclass of: synthesis role
definition: A formulation role is a role of a material that is participating in a formulation process. [Allotrope]

particulate phase
type: Class
subclass of: dispersed phase role
definition: Particulate phase role is the role of the particles dispersed in a gel, sol or aerosol. [NIST, Allotrope]

active pharmaceutical ingredient role
type: Class
subclass of: formulation role
alternative label: API
alternative label: active pharmaceutical ingredient
alternative label: drug substance
alternative label: drug substance role
change note: 2020-06-22 Add alt labels. [Allotrope]
definition: The role of a material in a drug product that is biologically active when interacting with other components of the drug product, other potential drug products, or the chemistry of the body into which the drug will be applied. [Allotrope]

specimen role
type: Class
subclass of: sample role
alternative label: specimen
definition: Specimen role is the sample role of a prepared fraction of a portion of material that is analyzed in a particular experiment. [Allotrope]

by-product role
type: Class
subclass of: synthesis role
alternative label: by-product
definition: A material role of an expected but not desired product of a synthesis. [Allotrope]
example: the leaving group in a de-protection step.

product role
type: Class
subclass of: synthesis role
alternative label: chemical product
alternative label: product
definition: A role of a material that is intended and desired to be produced in a synthesis. [Allotrope]

batch role
type: Class
subclass of: product role
alternative label: batch
alternative label: lot
alternative label: lot role
definition: Batch role is a product role of a portion of material that is intended to have uniform character and quality, within specified limits, and is produced according to a single manufacturing order during the same cycle of manufacture. [Allotrope, CFR21]

filtration role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: A filtration role is a role of a material in a filtration process. [Allotrope]

rinse solution role
type: Class
subclass of: cleaning agent role
alternative label: flush
alternative label: rinse
alternative label: rinse solution
alternative label: rinsing agent
alternative label: rinsing role
alternative label: rinsing solution
change note: 2019-09-20 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: The rinse solution role is a cleaning agent role of a fluid used to flush something in order to remove contaminants. [Allotrope]

impurity role
type: Class
subclass of: synthesis role
alternative label: impurity
definition: A material role for any component of material that is not part of the defined product at the particular stage of manufacture or storage. [Allotrope]
example: For example a starting material is not an impurity at the start of a reaction but it is an impurity after the final purification step.

degradation product role
type: Class
subclass of: impurity role
alternative label: degradation product
definition: A degradation product is an impurity resulting from a chemical change in the drug substance brought about during manufacture and/or storage of the new drug product by the effect of, for example, light, temperature, pH, water, or by reaction with an excipient and/or the immediate container closure system. [ICH-Q3B]

unidentified degradation product role
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: degradation product role
  intersection of: unidentified impurity role
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: unidentified degradation product
definition: A degradation product role for which a structural characterization has not been achieved and that is defined solely by qualitative analytical properties (e.g., chromatographic retention time). [ICH-Q3A]

unspecified degradation product role
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: degradation product role
  intersection of: unspecified impurity role
AFX_0002798: true
alternative label: unspecified degradation product
definition: A degradation product role that is limited by a general acceptance criterion, but not individually listed with its own specific acceptance criterion, in the new drug product specification. [ICH-Q3A]

classification purpose
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
alternative label: classification role
definition: A contextual role of information that classifies some of some entity into a category, class or schema. [Allotrope]

sampling role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: A sampling role is a role of an object aggregate or a member of that aggregate that participates in a sampling process on the aggregate. [Allotrope]

population role
type: Class
subclass of: sampling role
alternative label: population
definition: The population role is the sampling role of the object aggregate that is object of the sampling. [Allotrope]
note: The statistical population contextual role is the related contextual role of an information object describing the population.

sample set role
type: Class
subclass of: sampling role
alternative label: sample set
definition: The sample set role is the role of the partition of the population object aggregate that was selected in the sampling process. [Allotrope]

spatial role
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
AFX_0002818: true
definition: A spatial role is the contextual role of some information context object that is about spatial location, orientation, or relative positioning. [Allotrope]
example: left, right, above, below, inside, outside, parallel

approver
type: Class
subclass of: approving role
AFX_0002808: Approver
definition: An approver is the role of an organizational entity that approves something. [Allotrope]

researcher
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
AFX_0002808: MS_1001271
AFX_0002808: ResearcherRole
definition: A researcher is the role of an organizational entity that researches something. [Allotrope]

investigator
type: Class
subclass of: researcher
AFX_0002808: InvestigatorRole
definition: An investigator is a researcher that is doing an investigation. [Allotrope]

reviewer
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
AFX_0002808: Reviewer
definition: A reviewer is the role of an agent that reviews some information. [Allotrope]

signer
type: Class
subclass of: signing role
AFX_0002808: Signer
source: Signature
alternative label: signatory
definition: A signer is the role of the agent in a signing process. [Allotrope]

calibration role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: A calibration role is role of a material entity that participates in a calibration process. [Allotrope]

reference material role
type: Class
subclass of: calibration role
source: nbsspecialpublication260-100.pdf
source: ISO Guide 30
source: http://www.citac.cc/CITAC_EURACHEM_GUIDE.pdf
alternative label: calibration material
alternative label: calibration material role
alternative label: reference material
alternative label: standard
alternative label: standard material
alternative label: standard material role
definition: A reference material role is the role of a material used in a calibration whose qualities are sufficiently homogenous and well established to be used as reference. [Allotrope]

starting material role
type: Class
subclass of: reactant role
definition: A role for a material used in the synthesis of a new drug substance that is incorporated as an element into the structure of an intermediate and/or of the new drug substance. [ICH-Q3A]
note: Starting materials are normally commercially available and of defined chemical and physical properties and structure. [ICH-Q3A]

limiting reagent role
type: Class
subclass of: reagent role
definition: A reagent role of the material with the least mole quantity in a chemical process and as such limits the amount of product that can be formed. [Allotrope]

enantiomeric impurity role
type: Class
subclass of: impurity role
alternative label: enantiomere
alternative label: enantiomeric impurity
definition: An enantiomeric impurity is the impurity role of a compound with the same molecular formula as the drug substance that differs in the spatial arrangement of atoms within the molecule and is a non-superimposable mirror image. [ICH-Q3A]

extraneous contaminant role
type: Class
subclass of: impurity role
alternative label: contaminant
alternative label: contaminant role
alternative label: extraneous contaminant
definition: An extraneous contaminant role is an impurity role arising from any source extraneous to the manufacturing process. [ICH-Q3A]

identified impurity role
type: Class
subclass of: impurity role
alternative label: identified impurity
definition: An impurity for which a structural characterization has been achieved. [ICH-Q3A]

potential impurity role
type: Class
subclass of: impurity role
alternative label: potential impurity
definition: An impurity role for a material that theoretically can arise during manufacture or storage. It may or may not actually appear in the new drug substance. [ICH-Q3A]

specified impurity role
type: Class
subclass of: impurity role
alternative label: specified impurity
definition: An impurity that is individually listed and limited with aspecific acceptance criterion in the new drug substance specification. A specified impurity can be either identified or unidentified. [ICH-Q3A]

unidentified impurity role
type: Class
subclass of: impurity role
alternative label: unidentified impurity
definition: An impurity for which a structural characterization has not been achieved and that is defined solely by qualitative analytical properties (e.g., chromatographic retention time). [ICH-Q3A]

unspecified impurity role
type: Class
subclass of: impurity role
alternative label: unspecified impurity
definition: An impurity role that is limited by a general acceptance criterion, but not individually listed with its own specific acceptance criterion, in the new drug substance specification. [ICH-Q3A]

identified degradation product role
type: Class
subclass of: degradation product role
alternative label: identified degradation product
definition: A degradation product role for which a structural characterization has been achieved. [ICH-Q3A]

specified degradation product role
type: Class
subclass of: degradation product role
alternative label: specified degradation product
definition: A degradation product role that is individually listed and limited with a specific acceptance criterion in the new drug product specification. A specified degradation product can be either identified or unidentified. [ICH-Q3A]

internal standard role
type: Class
subclass of: analysis role
AFX_0002818: true
source: Internal standard
alternative label: internal standard
alternative label: surrogate internal standard
definition: Internal standard role is the analysis role of a chemical substance that is added in a constant amount to samples, the blank and calibration standards in a chemical analysis. [Wikipedia]

approving role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: An approving role is a role that is realized in some approving process. [Allotrope]

signing role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: A signing role is a role that is realized in some signing activity. [Allotrope]

signed object
type: Class
subclass of: signing role
definition: The signed object is the bearer of the information content entity that is signed. [Allotrope]
example: The paper where the signature was written on.

signing contextual role
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
definition: A signing contextual role is a contextual role of information content entities that are participants in a signing process. [Allotrope]

signature role
type: Class
subclass of: signing contextual role
source: Signature
alternative label: signature
definition: A signature role is the role of an information object that is associated with some information and provides a proof of identity and intent of the signer. [Allotrope]

signed content role
type: Class
subclass of: signing contextual role
alternative label: signed content
definition: Signed content role is the signing contextual role of the information content entity that is being signed. [Allotrope]
example: A contract signed.
example: An approval signed.
note: The signed content role is the role of the information. The physical bearer of that information has the role of a signed object.

submitter role
type: Class
subclass of: submission role
alternative label: submitter
definition: A submitter role is the role of a material entity that plays the sender of the submitted entity in a submitting process. [Allotrope]

aggregated datum
type: Class
subclass of: aggregation role
alternative label: summary datum
definition: An aggregated datum is the role of an information object that is about aggregated or summary information on the aggregate, such as statistics, count or sums of member data. [Allotrope]

product (math)
type: Class
subclass of: term mathematical role
alternative label: product
alternative label: product (mathematics)
definition: The product is the contextual role of numerical data that results from the multiplication of two or more numbers, amounts, or items. [Allotrope]

aggregated feature
type: Class
subclass of: aggregation role
alternative label: aggregated feature role
definition: The aggregated feature is the role of a description or classification of a property, characteristic or facet of the members of the aggregate that is common to each member and is used to make aggregated data about the aggregate. [Allotrope]
example: the diameter quality is the aggregated feature in the 'average living cell diameter' result datum of a cell counter result
note: If the members of the aggregates are proxies for other information objects, then the aggregated feature is a feature of the information objects the proxies point to.

software agent role
type: Class
subclass of: processing role
alternative label: software agent
definition: A software agent is the contextual role of software in the context of a process where a system executes that software and causally is an agent in the process. [Allotrope]

submission role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: A submission role is a role that is realized in a submitting process. [Allotrope]

metadata role
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
definition: A metadata role is a contextual role of an information content entity that is not a parameter or result of a process but describes the context of the process. [Allotrope]

destination role
type: Class
subclass of: localization role
alternative label: destination
alternative label: destination site
change note: 2022-06-23 Moved under localization role and adopted definition. [Allotrope]
definition: Destination role is the localization role of a site where the localized object is at the end of the localization process. [Allotrope]

origin role
type: Class
subclass of: localization role
alternative label: origin
alternative label: origin site
change note: 2022-06-23 Moved under localization role and adopted definition. [Allotrope]
definition: Origin role is the localization role of a site where the localized object is at the start of the localization process. [Allotrope]

transferred material
type: Class
subclass of: transferring role
alternative label: transferred object
change note: 2022-06-23 Changed definition and pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A transferred material is the role of the material that is being transferred from the origin site to the destination site. [Allotrope]

received object role
type: Class
subclass of: transferred material
alternative label: received object
definition: Sent object is the role of a transferred object at the start of the transferring process. [Allotrope]

sent object role
type: Class
subclass of: transferred material
alternative label: sent object
definition: Sent object is the role of a transferred object at the start of the transferring process. [Allotrope]

predecessor role
type: Class
subclass of: ordering role
definition: A predecessor role is an ordering role that applies if the information object or the entity it is about is before another one in a sequence. [Allotrope]

successor role
type: Class
subclass of: ordering role
definition: A successor role is an ordering role that applies if the information object or the entity it is about is after another one in a sequence. [Allotrope]

triggering event
type: Class
subclass of: workflow role
definition: A triggered event is a contextual role of an event specification that when realized is the cause of a trigger. [Allotrope]

triggered event
type: Class
subclass of: workflow role
definition: A triggered event is a contextual role of an event specification that when realized is the consequence of a trigger. [Allotrope]

direction role
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
definition: A direction role is a contextual role of some information content entity indicating a direction in a relation. [Allotrope]

to role
type: Class
subclass of: direction role
alternative label: destination
alternative label: destination role
alternative label: target
alternative label: target role
alternative label: to
definition: A to role is a direction role indicating that something is going into an target direction. [Allotrope]
editorial note: This is an abstraction of direction, for spatio-temporal role use af-rl:destination datum. [Allotrope]

from role
type: Class
subclass of: direction role
alternative label: from
alternative label: origin
alternative label: origin role
alternative label: source
alternative label: source role
definition: A from role is a direction role indicating that something is coming from a source. [Allotrope]
editorial note: This is an abstraction of direction, for spatio-temporal role use af-rl:origin datum. [Allotrope]
example: A specification of a material that is a material output of a process has the contextual role of from role in the material flow specification. [Allotrope]

defining purpose
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
alternative label: defining role
alternative label: definition role
definition: Defining purpose is the contextual role of some information that has the purpose to define an entity. [Allotrope]

ordering role
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
definition: An ordering role is a contextual role of an information content entity in the scope of some sequence. [Allotrope]

workflow role
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
definition: A workflow role is a contextual role of a part of a procedure specification. [Allotrope]

default transition
type: Class
subclass of: successor role
definition: An default transition is a successor role in the scope of an exclusive gateway that specifies the succeeding activity if no guard conditions on the gateway are met. [Allotrope]

expected datum
type: Class
subclass of: descriptive purpose
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An expected datum is a descriptive datum that describes a information that was predicted or assumed to be the outcome of some process . [Allotrope]

sequential
type: Class
subclass of: workflow role
alternative label: sequential role
definition: A workflow role of a single step in a sequentially executed procedure. [Allotrope]
example: A single data acquisition of a data acquisition profile.

repeatable
type: Class
subclass of: workflow role
alternative label: loop
alternative label: recurring
definition: A single step that can be repeated multiple times during a procedure. [Allotrope]
example: A single data acquisition that is repeated multiple times with the same settings during a data acquisition profile.

calibrated datum
type: Class
subclass of: descriptive purpose
alternative label: calibrated result
definition: A calibrated datum is the contextual role of a datum that is the output of some process that applies a calibration function to a measured datum. [Allotrope]

parameter (math)
type: Class
subclass of: mathematical role
alternative label: parameter
alternative label: parameter (mathematics)
definition: A parameter is the contextual role of a datum that is not explicitly varied in a mathematical function or during data processing. [Allotrope]

oxidant role
type: Class
subclass of: reactant role
AFX_0002808: CHEBI_63248
alternative label: oxidant
alternative label: oxidizer
alternative label: oxidizer role
alternative label: oxidizing agent
definition: An oxidant role is a chemical reactant role whereby the substance removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction. [Allotrope]

fuel role
type: Class
subclass of: reactant role
AFX_0002808: CHEBI_33292
alternative label: fuel
definition: A fuel role is a chemical reactant role whereby an energy-rich substance is transformed with release of usable energy. [Allotrope]

make-up role
type: Class
subclass of: additive role
alternative label: make-up
definition: A make-up role is a the additive role of a fluid to adjust total flow rate into a device in order to maximize its efficiency. [Allotrope]

coating process role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
alternative label: coating role
definition: A coating process role is a role of a material that participates in a coating activity or the state of being coated. [Allotrope]

stored object role
type: Class
subclass of: storage role
alternative label: stored object
definition: A stored object is the storage role of an material entity that is being stored in a storage medium. [Allotrope]

calibrated instrument role
type: Class
subclass of: calibration role
alternative label: calibrated instrument
alternative label: unit under test
alternative label: unit under test role
definition: A calibrated instrument role is the role of a measurement device that is the target of a calibration. [Allotrope]

diluted material role
type: Class
subclass of: dilution role
definition: Diluted material is the dilution role of a material that is being diluted in the dilution process. [Allotrope]

cooling role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: A changing role is a role realized in some cooling process. [Allotrope]

coolant role
type: Class
subclass of: cooling role
source: Coolant
alternative label: coolant
alternative label: cooling medium
alternative label: heat transfer fluid
definition: A role of a material that acts as a heat sink as it undergoes a phase change. [Allotrope]

nebulizer support role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
alternative label: nebulizer support
alternative label: nebulizing support
alternative label: nebulizing support role
definition: Nebulizer support role is a support role in converting liquid into aerosol mist. [Allotrope]

drying additive role
type: Class
subclass of: drying role
alternative label: drying additive
definition: A drying additive role is the role of a material in a drying process that supports the drying process. [Allotrope]

drying role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: A drying role role is a role realized in some drying process. [Allotrope]

drying medium role
type: Class
subclass of: drying role
alternative label: drying agent
alternative label: drying agent role
alternative label: drying medium
definition: A drying medium role is a drying role of a material that takes or transports the solvent from the material being dried. [Allotrope]

material dried role
type: Class
subclass of: drying role
alternative label: dried material
alternative label: dried material role
alternative label: material dried
definition: Material dried role is the drying role of the material being dried. [Allotrope]

default condition role
type: Class
subclass of: condition role
alternative label: default
alternative label: default condition
alternative label: default role
alternative label: fallback
alternative label: fallback condition
alternative label: fallback condition role
alternative label: fallback role
definition: A default condition role is the condition role of an item in a collection of information content entities that applies (is true) if no other items apply (are false). [Allotrope]

default role
type: Class
subclass of: directive purpose
alternative label: default
alternative label: fallback
alternative label: fallback role
definition: A default role is a directive purpose that assigns a specification to be applied to a context if no other specification is asserted in that context. [Allotrope]

standard deviation role
type: Class
subclass of: statistic datum role
source: Standard deviation
alternative label: standard deviation
definition: Standard deviation role is a statistical datum role of a datum that is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. [Wikipedia]

relative standard deviation role
type: Class
subclass of: statistic datum role
source: Coefficient of variation
alternative label: coefficient of variation
definition: Relative standard deviation role is a statistical datum role of a datum that is a standardized measure of dispersion of a probability distribution or frequency distribution. [Wikipedia]

information product role
type: Class
subclass of: contextual role
AFX_0002818: true
definition: An information product role is a contextual role of some information content entity that is produced for the purpose of sale. [Allotrope]

z-coordinate role
type: Class
subclass of: Cartesian coordinate role
AFX_0002818: true
alternative label: applicate
change note: 2021-06-17 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: The z-coordinate role is the Cartesian coordinate in the third dimension of a 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. [Allotrope]

matrix role
type: Class
subclass of: analysis role
AFX_0002808: CHMO_0002743
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 1989, 61, 1657 (Nomenclature for automated and mechanised analysis (Recommendations 1989))
alternative label: matrix
alternative label: medium
alternative label: medium role
definition: The matrix are the components of a sample other than the analyte. [IUPAC]

loading role
type: Class
subclass of: localization role
definition: A loading role is a role that is realized in some loading process. [Allotrope]

loading medium role
type: Class
subclass of: loading role
definition: A loading medium role is the role of the material that carries the loaded material. in a loading process. [Allotrope]

localization role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: A localization role is a role that is realized in some localization process. [Allotrope]

maximum value role
type: Class
subclass of: statistic datum role
definition: The maximum value is a statistical datum role of a datum that is the largest value of a collection of numbers. [Wikipedia]

minimum value role
type: Class
subclass of: statistic datum role
definition: The minimum value is a statistical datum role of a datum that is the smallest value of a collection of numbers. [Wikipedia]

dispensing role
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
definition: A role played by a participant in a dispensing process. [Allotrope]

dispensed material role
type: Class
subclass of: dispensing role
definition: Dispensed material is the role of material given out in a dispensing process. [Allotrope]

internal standard sample role
type: Class
subclass of: standard sample role
alternative label: internal standard
alternative label: internal standard sample
definition: An internal standard sample role is a standard sample role of a material sample that contains a known amount of internal standard material. [Allotrope]

matrix sample role
type: Class
subclass of: standard sample role
alternative label: matrix
alternative label: matrix sample
definition: A matrix sample role is a sample role of a material sample that contains only material with the matrix role in some analysis. [Allotrope]

initial value role
type: Class
subclass of: statistic datum role
alternative label: initial value
alternative label: start value
alternative label: start value role
definition: An initial value role is a statistical datum role of a datum that has no predecessor in an ordered collection. [Allotrope]

final value role
type: Class
subclass of: statistic datum role
alternative label: final value
alternative label: stop value
alternative label: stop value role
definition: A final value role is a statistical datum role of a datum that has no successor in an ordered collection. [Allotrope]

positive control sample role
type: Class
subclass of: control sample role
definition: A positive control sample role is a control sample role of a material intended to produce a positive result under the correct experimental conditions. [Allotrope]

negative control sample role
type: Class
subclass of: control sample role
definition: A negative control sample role is a control sample role of a material intended to produce a negative result under the correct experimental conditions. [Allotrope]

heterozygous control sample role
type: Class
subclass of: control sample role
definition: A heterozygous control sample role is a sample role of a material that is known to be heterozygous for an allele. [Allotrope]

homozygous control sample role
type: Class
subclass of: control sample role
definition: A homozygous control sample role is a sample role of a material that is known to be homozygous for an allele. [Allotrope]

reference DNA control sample role
type: Class
subclass of: control sample role
definition: A reference DNA control sample role is a sample role of a material that contains a known reference DNA sequence. [Allotrope]

non-specific DNA amplification control sample role
type: Class
subclass of: control sample role
definition: A non-specific DNA amplification control sample role is a control sample role for discerning the presence of non-specific DNA amplification. [Allotrope]

geometric mean role
type: Class
subclass of: statistic datum role
alternative label: average
alternative label: average role
alternative label: geometric mean
alternative label: mean
alternative label: mean role
definition: The geometric mean is a statistical datum role of a datum that is the nth root of the product of a collection of n numbers. [Allotrope]

coefficient of variation role
type: Class
subclass of: statistic datum role
alternative label: coefficient of variation
definition: The coefficient of variation is a statistical datum role of a datum that is the ratio of the standard deviation of a collection of numbers to the arithmetic mean. [Allotrope]

median absolute deviation role
type: Class
subclass of: statistic datum role
alternative label: median absolute deviation
definition: The median absolute deviation is a statistical datum role of a datum that is the median of the absolute deviations of a collection of numbers from the collection's own median value. [Allotrope]

bench (site)
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000029
alternative label: bench
definition: A bench (site) is site in a workspace or laboratory where work is being done. [Allotrope]

building (site)
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000029
alternative label: building
alternative label: building site
definition: A building (site) is a site located in a structure with a roof and walls. [Allotrope]

room
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000029
definition: A room is a site that is a part or division of a building enclosed by walls, floor, and ceiling. [Allotrope]

campus
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000029
definition: A campus is a site that is the grounds of a school, hospital, or other institution. [Allotrope]

material anatomical entity
type: Class
subclass of: natural material
AFX_0002865: caro.owl
definition: A part of a multicellular organism that is a material with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a multicellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. [Allotrope, CARO]

air
type: Class
subclass of: natural material
AFX_0002865: envo.owl
definition: The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. [ENVO]

objective specification
type: Class
subclass of: specification
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
alternative label: goal specification
definition: A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved. [IAO]
example: In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.

datum label
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label [IAO]

software
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: Software is a plan specification composed of a series of instructions that can be interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit. [IAO]

model number
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
alternative label: equipment model number
alternative label: instrument model number
alternative label: part number
change note: 2019-09-19 Add alt label part number. [Allotrope]
definition: A model number is an information content entity specifically borne by catalogs, design specifications, advertising materials, inventory systems and similar that is about manufactured objects of the same class. The model number is an alternative term for the class. [IAO]

symbol
type: Class
subclass of: facet
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity. [IAO]
example: a serial number such as "12324X"
example: a stop sign
example: a written proper name such as "OBI"

information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000031
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
alternative label: information object
definition: A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. [IAO]

dot plot
type: Class
subclass of: graph
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: A dot plot is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where each data point is represented by a single dot placed on coordinates corresponding to data point values in particular dimensions. [IAO]
example: Dot plot of SSC-H and FSC-H.

graph
type: Class
subclass of: diagram
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
alternative label: two-dimensional graph
definition: A diagram that presents one or more tuples of information by mapping those tuples in to a two dimensional space in a non arbitrary way. [IAO]

algorithm
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: A plan specification which describes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving an predefined objective. Algorithms are realized usually by means of implementation as computer programs for execution by automata. [IAO]

report
type: Class
subclass of: document
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: A report is a document assembled by an author for the purpose of providing information for the audience. A report is the output of a documenting process and has the objective to be consumed by a specific audience. Topic of the report is on something that has completed. A report is not a single figure. [IAO]
example: case report (not patient record)
example: grant progress report
example: journal article
example: patent application

data format specification
type: Class
subclass of: specification
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: A data format specification is the information content borne by the document published defining the specification. [IAO]
example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file [IAO]

image
type: Class
subclass of: figure
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: An image is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected on surface. [IAO]

version number
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: A version number is an information content entity which is a sequence of characters borne by part of each of a class of manufactured products or its packaging and indicates its order within a set of other products having the same name. [IAO]

serial number
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: A serial number is an information content entity which is a unique sequence of characters borne by part of manufactured product or its packaging that is assigned to each individual in some class of products, and so can serve as a way to identify an individual product within the class. Serial numbers can be encoded in a variety of other information objects, such as bar codes, numerals, or patterns of dots. [IAO]

lot number
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
alternative label: batch number
definition: A lot number is an information content entity which is an identical sequence of character borne by part of manufactured product or its packaging for each instances of a product class in a discrete batch of an item. [IAO]

textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: representation form
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc.

caption
type: Class
subclass of: facet
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: A textual entity that describes a figure [IAO]
example: Figure 1: A system diagram describing the modules of the Hanalyzer. Reading methods (green) take external sources of knowledge (blue) and extract information from them, either by parsing structured data or biomedical language processing to extract information from unstructured data. Reading modules are responsible for tracking the provenance of all knowledge. Reasoning methods (yellow) enrich the knowledge that results from reading by, for example, noting two genes that are annotated to the same ontology term or database entry. All knowledge sources, read or reasoned, are assigned a reliability score, and all are combined using that score into a knowledge network (orange) that represents the integration of all sorts of relationship between a pair of genes and a combined reliability score. A data network (also orange) is created from experimental results to be analyzed. The reporting modules (pink) integrate the data and knowledge networks, producing visualizations that can be queried with the associated drill-down tool.

table
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: A textual entity that contains a two-dimensional arrangement of texts repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, such that the spatial relationships among the constituent texts expresses propositions [IAO]

figure
type: Class
subclass of: representation form
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: An information content entity consisting of a two dimensional arrangement of information content entities such that the arrangement itself is about something. [IAO]
example: Any picture, diagram or table

diagram
type: Class
subclass of: figure
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: A figure that expresses one or more propositions. [IAO]
example: A molecular structure ribbon cartoon showing helices, turns and sheets and their relations to each other in space.

document
type: Class
subclass of: representation form
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole [IAO]
example: A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book

line graph
type: Class
subclass of: graph
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: A line graph is a type of graph created by connecting a series of data points together with a line. [IAO]

centrally registered identifier symbol
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: A symbol that is part of a CRID and that is sufficient to look up a record from the CRID's registry. [IAO]

centrally registered identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: An information content entity that consists of a CRID symbol and additional information about the CRID registry to which it belongs. [IAO]
example: The sentence "The article has Pubmed ID 12345." contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed.

centrally registered identifier registry
type: Class
subclass of: registry
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: A CRID registry is a dataset of CRID records, each consisting of a CRID symbol and additional information which was recorded in the dataset through a assigning a centrally registered identifier process. [IAO]
example: PubMed is a CRID registry. It has a dataset of PubMed identifiers associated with journal articles.

written name
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
AFX_0002865: iao.owl
definition: A textual entity that denotes a particular in reality. [IAO]

human
type: Class
subclass of: organism
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: ncbitaxon.owl
alternative label: homo sapiens
alternative label: human being
alternative label: man
definition: A member of the the species Homo sapiens. [Allotrope]

electronic signature
type: Class
subclass of: signature
AFX_0002865: ncit.owl
definition: An electronic version of an individual's name or personal mark used to sign electronic documents, signifying that the writing which precedes accords with one's wishes and intentions. [NCI]

pharmaceutical dosage form
type: Class
subclass of: artifact
AFX_0002865: ncit.owl
alternative label: dosage form
alternative label: dose form
alternative label: drug dose form
alternative label: pharmaceutical dose form
alternative label: pharmaceutical formulation
definition: The form in which active and/or inert ingredient(s) are physically presented. [NCI]

server
type: Class
subclass of: computer
AFX_0002865: ncit.owl
definition: A server is a computer which provides some service for other computers connected to it via a network. [NCI]

reagent role
type: Class
subclass of: ingredient role
AFX_0002809: CHEBI_33893
AFX_0002865: obi.owl
alternative label: reagent
definition: A role inhering in a biological or chemical entity that is intended to be applied in a scientific technique to participate (or have molecular components that participate) in a chemical reaction that facilitates the generation of data about some entity distinct from the bearer, or the generation of some specified material output distinct from the bearer. [OBI]

plan
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000017
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: obi.owl
definition: A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a planned process. [OBI]

organism
type: Class
subclass of: natural material
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: obi.owl
definition: A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. [OBI]
editorial note: OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus. This issue is outside the scope of OBI [OBI]
editorial note: subclasses should be imported from the NCBI taxonomy [Allotrope]

curve fitting
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
AFX_0002865: obi.owl
definition: Curve fitting is a data transformation that is the process of constructing a curve, or mathematical function, that has the best fit to a series of data points, possibly subject to constraints. [Wikipedia]

speed
type: Class
subclass of: movement quality
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: velocity
definition: A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's scalar absolute value of the rate of change of the bearer's position. [PATO]

color (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: optical quality
alternative label: color
definition: A color is a composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts. [PATO]

fluorescence (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: luminescence (quality)
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 1984, 56, 231. (Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis-Part VI: molecular luminescence spectroscopy)
source: PAC, 1994, 66, 2513. (Nomenclature for radioanalytical chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994))
change note: 2021-06-21 Changed definition to IUPAC. [Allotrope]
definition: Fluorescence is a luminescence which occurs essentially only during the irradiation of a substance by electromagnetic radiation. [IUPAC]

composition
type: Class
subclass of: structure
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: compositionality
alternative label: content
alternative label: structure
definition: A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. [PATO]
example: calcium composition (which may inhere in bone)
example: haemoglobin composition (which may inhere in blood).

concentration (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance quality
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
source: Green Book, 2nd ed.: IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Second Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993.
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
change note: 2019-08-29 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: Concentration is a molecular quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. [PATO]

hardness (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical quality
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
definition: A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to pressure, being broken, or pierced.

morphology
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
definition: A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. [PATO]

shape (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: morphology
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: shape
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). [PATO]

size (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: morphology
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: dimension
alternative label: extend
alternative label: size
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. [PATO]

height (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: 1-D extent
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: height
definition: A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical dimension of extension. [PATO]

length (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: 1-D extent
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: length
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. [PATO]

mass (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical quality
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: mass
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
change note: 2019-09-09 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
definition: A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. [PATO]

position (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000145
alternative label: position
definition: Position is a spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. [PATO]

structure
type: Class
subclass of: morphology
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: conformation
alternative label: relational structural quality
change note: 2018-12-05 Generalized definition [Allotrope]
definition: A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an material entity's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. [PATO]

temperature (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: thermal quality
AFX_0002865: pato.owl
alternative label: temperature
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system. [PATO]

viability (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: organismal quality
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: viability
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: An organismal quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's disposition to survive and develop normally or the number of surviving individuals in a given population. [PATO]

viable
type: Class
subclass of: viability (quality)
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
definition: A viability quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's ability to survive or the long term survival ability of a given population. [PATO]

thickness (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: 1-D extent
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: thickness
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width. [PATO]

volume (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: 3-D extent
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: volume
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies.

width (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: 1-D extent
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: width
definition: A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite. [PATO]

permeability
type: Class
subclass of: structure
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
definition: A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being permeated or pervaded by a gas or liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion). [PATO]

porosity
type: Class
subclass of: permeability
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
definition: A permeability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to admit the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. [PATO]

fully porous
type: Class
subclass of: porosity
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: porous
definition: A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. [PATO]

non-porous
type: Class
subclass of: porosity
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
definition: A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. [PATO]

viscosity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: flowability
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
definition: A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow. [PATO]

mass density (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical quality
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: density
alternative label: mass density
change note: 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence is exerted by the bearer's mass per unit size.

power (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
alternative label: Power is a physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of doing work. [PATO]
alternative label: power

pressure (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical quality
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: pressure
change note: 2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
definition: A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts.

force (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical quality
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: force
alternative label: force amplitude
change note: 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of momentum. [PATO]

concentrated
type: Class
subclass of: concentration (quality)
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
definition: A concentration that is relatively high. [Allotrope]

diluted
type: Class
subclass of: concentration (quality)
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
definition: A concentration which is relatively low. [PATO]

strength (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical quality
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: strength
change note: 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's power or force.

wavelength (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: wavelength
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A physical quality which is equal to the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern. [PATO]
editorial note: 2019-07-04 Quality can be either acoustic. electromagnetic or radiation. [Allotrope]

electromagnetic radiation quality
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: EM radiation quality
definition: A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation. [PATO]

optical quality
type: Class
subclass of: electromagnetic radiation quality
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
definition: An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. [PATO]

area (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: 2-D extent
alternative label: area
definition: An area is a 2-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's two dimensional extent. [PATO]

diameter (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: length (quality)
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: diameter
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary. [PATO]

angular velocity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: velocity
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
change note: 2020-06-22 Changed labels. [Allotrope]
definition: A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the rate of the bearer's angular movement about an axis; the angle rotated in a given time. [PATO]

alive
type: Class
subclass of: viability (quality)
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
definition: A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's condition before death. [PATO]

dead
type: Class
subclass of: viability (quality)
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
definition: A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the cessation of the bearer's life. [PATO]

flow rate (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: movement quality
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
source: Volumetric flow rate
alternative label: flow rate
change note: 2019-09-20 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
change note: 2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
definition: A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's motion through a surface per time. [Allotrope]

conductivity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: conductivity
change note: 2021-12-01 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to transmit of an entity through a medium. [PATO]
example: Examples could be heat or electricity or sound.

depth (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: 1-D extent
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: depth
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's downward or backward or inward dimenision. [PATO]

molar mass (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: mass (quality)
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
source: Molar mass
alternative label: molar mass
definition: A physical quality that inheres in a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 10^23 atoms or molecules. [PATO]

1-D extent
type: Class
subclass of: size (quality)
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: 1-D size
definition: A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension. [PATO]

2-D extent
type: Class
subclass of: size (quality)
alternative label: 2-D size
definition: A 2-D extend is a size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions. [PATO]

3-D extent
type: Class
subclass of: size (quality)
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: 3D size
definition: A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions. [PATO]

electrical conductivity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: electrical and magnetic quality
subclass of: conductivity (quality)
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
license: iupac-license
rights: iupac-copyright
source: PAC, 1996, 68, 957. (Glossary of terms in quantities and units in Clinical Chemistry (IUPAC-IFCC Recommendations 1996))
alternative label: conductivity
alternative label: conductivty (quality)
alternative label: electrical conductivity
change note: 2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
change note: 2020-01-23 Moved under electical quality and changed definition to IUPAC. [Allotrope]
definition: Electrical conductivity is the quality inhered in a conductor that is the reciprocal of resistivity. [IUPAC]

semi-viable
type: Class
subclass of: viability (quality)
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
definition: A viability quality inhering in a population by virtue of some of it's members' ability to survive. [PATO]

pH (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance quality
AFX_0002808: CHEMINF_000442
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: pH
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
change note: 2019-08-29 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions). [PATO]

hydrophobicity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance quality
AFX_0002818: true
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: hydrophobicity
definition: A chemical substance quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being water-repellent; tending to repel and not absorb water. [PATO]

movement quality
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical quality
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
definition: A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's participation in movement. [PATO]

organismal quality
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
definition: A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. [PATO]

osmolality (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance quality
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: osmolality
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
change note: 2019-08-29 Changed definition. [Allotrope]
definition: A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. [PATO]

velocity
type: Class
subclass of: movement quality
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
definition: A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of the position. [PATO]

fluid flow rate (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: flow rate (quality)
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: fluid flow rate
alternative label: volume flow rate
alternative label: volumetric flow rate
change note: 2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
definition: A physical quality inhering in a fluid (liquid or gas) by virtue of the amount of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time. [PATO]

mass flow rate (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: flow rate (quality)
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: mass flow rate
change note: 2019-09-20 Changed pref label for uniqueness. [Allotrope]
definition: A flow rate quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the mass of substance which passes through a given surface per unit time. [PATO]

radius (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: length (quality)
AFX_0002865: pato-owl
alternative label: radius
change note: 2019-08-19 Changed pref label. [Allotrope]
definition: A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes from the center of a circle to any endpoint on the circular boundary. The radius is half of the diameter. [PATO]

humidity (quality)
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
AFX_0002865: pato.owl
alternative label: humidity
definition: A quality inhering in air by virtue of the partial pressure exerted by the bearer's water vapour content. [PATO]

Allotrope Foundation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Organization

positive polarity
type: NamedIndividual
type: polarity code
notation: positive
alternative label: positive
definition: Positive polarity is the code that indicates a positive direction of polarity. [Allotrope]

negative polarity
type: NamedIndividual
type: polarity code
notation: negative
alternative label: negative
definition: Negative polarity is the code that indicates a negative direction of polarity. [Allotrope]

Derivative works attribution
type: NamedIndividual
description: These taxonomies contain material or may constitute derivative works of material which may be subject to copyright by one of the following organizations. By using these taxonomies, you agree to the following terms and conditions applicable to its contents: ****************************************************************************** Attribution Notice for National Center for Biomedical Ontology materials. This work contains material from the Cell Ontology and Clinical Measurement Ontology, available here: http://bioportal.bioontology.org/. ****************************************************************************** Attribution Notice for ChEBI This work contains material from the European Bioinformatics Institute’s ChEBI database. ****************************************************************************** Attribution Notice for Quantities Units Dimensions Data Types (http://www.qudt.org/) This work contains content from www.qudt.org and is used pursuant to a Creative Commons License available here: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/legalcode. The original work may have been modified. ****************************************************************************** Copyright and Attribution Notice for Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Document This work contains material from the following DCMI document used pursuant to a creative commons license available here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This material may have been modified or changed. Timestamped URL: http://dublincore.org/documents/2012/06/14/dcmi-terms/ Date Issued: 2012-06-14 Document Status: This is a DCMI Recommendation. Copyright © 1995-2015 DCMI. All Rights Reserved. DCMI liability, trademark/service mark, document use and software licensing rules apply. ******************************************************************************

Copyright © 2015-2026 Allotrope Foundation
type: NamedIndividual
type: RightsStatement
description: Copyright © 2015-2026 Allotrope Foundation
rights holder: Allotrope Foundation

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License
type: NamedIndividual
description: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. THESE MATERIALS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ALLOTROPE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Copyright © 2015-2026 Allotrope Foundation
rights holder: Allotrope Foundation

iupac-copyright
type: NamedIndividual
type: RightsStatement
description: Copyright © 2019 International Union of Pure Applied Chemistry

iupac-license
type: NamedIndividual
type: LicenseDocument
description: Reproduced by permission of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry